Health behavior motivation significantly affects the quality of life of patients with cardiovascular diseases.Assessing the level of health behavior motivation can measure the health behavior of individuals,help to promote the participation rate of cardiac rehabilitation,reduce the readmission rate of patients,and promote patients'healthy lifestyles.This article reviews the content,characteristics and application of assessment tools for health behavior motivation of patients with cardiovascular diseases at home and abroad,with the aim of providing references for the development and application of such tools in China,and offering a basis for scientifically assessing their health behavior motivation level and formulating effective strategies to promote health behavior motivation.

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BACKGROUND:Patients with lumbar disc herniation have different physical deformities due to nucleus pulposus compression and mechanical imbalance. On this basis,Professor Feng Tianyou proposed the "four-step waist type." Professor Feng Wei proposed the objective quantification of three-dimensional scoliosis angle "four-step waist type."OBJECTIVE:To explore the application value of three-dimensional scoliosis angle in evaluating the efficacy of Feng's spinal manipulation in the treatment of patients with lumbar disc herniation.METHODS:A total of 149 hospitalized patients with lumbar disc herniation were enrolled sequentially,including 96 cases of type-Ⅰ/Ⅱ and 55 cases of type-Ⅲ/Ⅳ. The patients were treated with manual therapy for 2 weeks,and 10 healthy volunteers were included as healthy controls. The three-dimensional scoliosis angle was measured using surface topography technology. The difference of three scoliosis angles between patients with type-Ⅰ/Ⅱ and type-Ⅲ/Ⅳ was compared before and after treatment. The difference between patients after treatment and healthy subjects was compered. The difference of three-dimensional scoliosis angles between type-Ⅰ/Ⅱ and type-Ⅲ/Ⅳ after treatment was compared. The intrinsic correlation of each projection plane of three-dimensional scoliosis angle and its correlation with commonly used clinical efficacy scores were explored.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The three-dimensional scoliosis angle was significantly different in patients with type-Ⅰ/Ⅱ and type-Ⅲ/Ⅳ before and after treatment (P<0.05). (2) There were significant differences in coronal curve angle and transverse curve angle between patients with type-Ⅰ/Ⅱ,type-Ⅲ/Ⅳ and healthy subjects (P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in sagittal curve angle (P>0.05). (3) There was a correlation between the angles of each section of the three-dimensional angle,and there was a correlation between the three-dimensional angle and the subjective scale. (4) It is indicated that the three-dimensional scoliosis angle can quantitatively evaluate the changes of body deformity before and after treatment. Quantitative indicators can reveal the changes in the patient's condition before and after treatment. The three-dimensional scoliosis angle can reflect the severity of the impact on the patient's living conditions,but the evaluation of scoliosis by a single plane parameter has certain limitations.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and aesthetic outcome of liposuction combined with mammary adenectomy through a periareolar small incision in the management of gynecomastia(GYN).Methods From January 2019 to June 2023,18 patients with GYN were admitted.All of them were treated with small incision through the areola combined with liposuction.The postoperative aesthetic effect,occurrence of complications and patient satisfaction of the patients were evaluated.Results All 18 patients in this study were follwed up for a period of 3 to 18 months.No serious complications such as wound infection or necrosis of the nipple-areola occurred.Pathological examinations were consistent with the diagnosis of GYN.Except for one patient,who exhibited slight skin folds in the surgical area at the 12-month follow-up,the other patients all achieved symmetrical and smooth chest contours with noticeable aesthetic improvement,resulting in a 100％patient satisfaction rate.Conclusion The combined approach of liposuction combined with mammary adenectomy through a periareolar small incision for the treatment of GYN is straightforward,minimally invasive,and yields satisfactory therapeutic and aesthetic outcomes.

Objective To analyze the risk factors for moderate-to-severe coronary artery stenosis in the population of Tacheng,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,and to construct and verify a nomogram prediction model for the degree of coronary artery ste-nosis.Methods We retrospectively selected 629 patients who were hospitalized in the Cardiovascular Department of Tacheng Peo-ple's Hospital from January 2021 to June 2023.Using R language software,the sociodemographic data,disease-related data,and va-rious laboratory indicators of the 629 patients were included in the initial screening of risk factors for use in the LASSO regression analysis using a random number table method.The 629 patients were divided into a training group(n=440)and a validation group(n=189)in a 7:3 ratio.Data from the training group were used for model construction,with the degree of coronary artery stenosis as the dependent variable,and the variables selected by LASSO regression as independent variables in the logistic regression model.The validation group was used for model validation.Based on the results of the logistic regression analysis,a visual nomogram for predicting the degree of co-ronary artery stenosis was constructed using R language software.The discriminability,calibration,and clinical utility of the model were evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC),a calibration curve,and decision curve analysis(DCA).Results Age,non-Han ethnicity,hypertension,hyperlipidemia,and a history of cerebrovascular disease were risk factors for mode-rate-to-severe coronary artery stenosis and were included in the risk prediction model.The AUC of the training group and the validation group were 0.905(95％CI:0.790-0.863)and 0.864(95％CI:0.744-0.861),respectively.The predicted values of the calibration curve were consistent with the actual values(Brier scores of the training and validation group:0.03 and 0.14,respectively).The predictive per-formance of the model was good,and the DC A results indicated that the model had net clinical benefits.Conclusion The risk prediction model for coronary artery stenosis in the population of the Tacheng area constructed in this study has good predictive performance and can provide a simple,feasible,economical,and easy-to-promote evaluation tool for medical personnel to screen patients with moderate-to-se-vere coronary artery stenosis.

BACKGROUND:Patients with lumbar disc herniation have different physical deformities due to nucleus pulposus compression and mechanical imbalance. On this basis,Professor Feng Tianyou proposed the "four-step waist type." Professor Feng Wei proposed the objective quantification of three-dimensional scoliosis angle "four-step waist type."OBJECTIVE:To explore the application value of three-dimensional scoliosis angle in evaluating the efficacy of Feng's spinal manipulation in the treatment of patients with lumbar disc herniation.METHODS:A total of 149 hospitalized patients with lumbar disc herniation were enrolled sequentially,including 96 cases of type-Ⅰ/Ⅱ and 55 cases of type-Ⅲ/Ⅳ. The patients were treated with manual therapy for 2 weeks,and 10 healthy volunteers were included as healthy controls. The three-dimensional scoliosis angle was measured using surface topography technology. The difference of three scoliosis angles between patients with type-Ⅰ/Ⅱ and type-Ⅲ/Ⅳ was compared before and after treatment. The difference between patients after treatment and healthy subjects was compered. The difference of three-dimensional scoliosis angles between type-Ⅰ/Ⅱ and type-Ⅲ/Ⅳ after treatment was compared. The intrinsic correlation of each projection plane of three-dimensional scoliosis angle and its correlation with commonly used clinical efficacy scores were explored.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The three-dimensional scoliosis angle was significantly different in patients with type-Ⅰ/Ⅱ and type-Ⅲ/Ⅳ before and after treatment (P<0.05). (2) There were significant differences in coronal curve angle and transverse curve angle between patients with type-Ⅰ/Ⅱ,type-Ⅲ/Ⅳ and healthy subjects (P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in sagittal curve angle (P>0.05). (3) There was a correlation between the angles of each section of the three-dimensional angle,and there was a correlation between the three-dimensional angle and the subjective scale. (4) It is indicated that the three-dimensional scoliosis angle can quantitatively evaluate the changes of body deformity before and after treatment. Quantitative indicators can reveal the changes in the patient's condition before and after treatment. The three-dimensional scoliosis angle can reflect the severity of the impact on the patient's living conditions,but the evaluation of scoliosis by a single plane parameter has certain limitations.

Health behavior motivation significantly affects the quality of life of patients with cardiovascular diseases.Assessing the level of health behavior motivation can measure the health behavior of individuals,help to promote the participation rate of cardiac rehabilitation,reduce the readmission rate of patients,and promote patients'healthy lifestyles.This article reviews the content,characteristics and application of assessment tools for health behavior motivation of patients with cardiovascular diseases at home and abroad,with the aim of providing references for the development and application of such tools in China,and offering a basis for scientifically assessing their health behavior motivation level and formulating effective strategies to promote health behavior motivation.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and aesthetic outcome of liposuction combined with mammary adenectomy through a periareolar small incision in the management of gynecomastia(GYN).Methods From January 2019 to June 2023,18 patients with GYN were admitted.All of them were treated with small incision through the areola combined with liposuction.The postoperative aesthetic effect,occurrence of complications and patient satisfaction of the patients were evaluated.Results All 18 patients in this study were follwed up for a period of 3 to 18 months.No serious complications such as wound infection or necrosis of the nipple-areola occurred.Pathological examinations were consistent with the diagnosis of GYN.Except for one patient,who exhibited slight skin folds in the surgical area at the 12-month follow-up,the other patients all achieved symmetrical and smooth chest contours with noticeable aesthetic improvement,resulting in a 100％patient satisfaction rate.Conclusion The combined approach of liposuction combined with mammary adenectomy through a periareolar small incision for the treatment of GYN is straightforward,minimally invasive,and yields satisfactory therapeutic and aesthetic outcomes.

Objective To analyze the risk factors for moderate-to-severe coronary artery stenosis in the population of Tacheng,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,and to construct and verify a nomogram prediction model for the degree of coronary artery ste-nosis.Methods We retrospectively selected 629 patients who were hospitalized in the Cardiovascular Department of Tacheng Peo-ple's Hospital from January 2021 to June 2023.Using R language software,the sociodemographic data,disease-related data,and va-rious laboratory indicators of the 629 patients were included in the initial screening of risk factors for use in the LASSO regression analysis using a random number table method.The 629 patients were divided into a training group(n=440)and a validation group(n=189)in a 7:3 ratio.Data from the training group were used for model construction,with the degree of coronary artery stenosis as the dependent variable,and the variables selected by LASSO regression as independent variables in the logistic regression model.The validation group was used for model validation.Based on the results of the logistic regression analysis,a visual nomogram for predicting the degree of co-ronary artery stenosis was constructed using R language software.The discriminability,calibration,and clinical utility of the model were evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC),a calibration curve,and decision curve analysis(DCA).Results Age,non-Han ethnicity,hypertension,hyperlipidemia,and a history of cerebrovascular disease were risk factors for mode-rate-to-severe coronary artery stenosis and were included in the risk prediction model.The AUC of the training group and the validation group were 0.905(95％CI:0.790-0.863)and 0.864(95％CI:0.744-0.861),respectively.The predicted values of the calibration curve were consistent with the actual values(Brier scores of the training and validation group:0.03 and 0.14,respectively).The predictive per-formance of the model was good,and the DC A results indicated that the model had net clinical benefits.Conclusion The risk prediction model for coronary artery stenosis in the population of the Tacheng area constructed in this study has good predictive performance and can provide a simple,feasible,economical,and easy-to-promote evaluation tool for medical personnel to screen patients with moderate-to-se-vere coronary artery stenosis.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics, imaging, myopathology and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 related autoimmune myopathy.Methods:The clinical features, serum creatine kinase (CK), myositis antibodies, muscle magnetic resonance imaging, myopathology and therapy of 5 patients with COVID-19 related autoimmune myopathy diagnosed in Peking University First Hospital from December 2022 to April 2023 were collected. The effects of the therapy after a short term follow up were analyzed.Results:Among the 5 patients, there were 3 males and 2 females, with onset age of 42-86 years. All patients presented with proximal muscle weakness in the recovery term of COVID-19. Myalgia was noted in 3 cases, dysphagia in 1, skin damage in 2, interstitial lung disease in 1. The serum CK of the 5 patients was 1 663-16 000 IU/L, 1 patient had anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase autoantibodies and 1 patient had anti-signal recognition particle autoantibodies. The electromyography showed myogenic lesions in all patients. Muscle magnetic resonance imaging showed diffuse muscle edema in all patients, myofascial edema in 3 and subcutaneous-tissue edema in 3. The muscle biopsies in 4 patients revealed necrotic myopathy,with high P62 expression in muscle fibers. The electromicroscopy of 2 patients revealed vacuolated mitochondria and intranuclear tubulofilamentous inclusions in muscle fibers. Four patients were treated with glucocorticoids, of whom 2 patients combined with intravenous immunoglobulin, tacrolimus or cyclophosphamide. One case had close monitoring without drug therapy. They showed significant improvement, but the CK was still abnormal in 4 patients.Conclusions:COVID-19 leads to immune mediated myopathy. The manifestation of patients is characterized by proximal predominant weakness and high creatine kinase level. Muscle magnetic resonance imaging shows diffuse muscle edema. The muscle biopsies reveal necrotic myopathy. The effectiveness of immunosuppression needs to be further studied.