Objective To explore the impact of vision impairment(VI)on the gait of hemiplegic patients,assess their walking ability and fall risks,and provide a basis for developing effective rehabilitation strategies.Methods Thirty hemiplegic patients were enrolled and stratified by the severity of visual acuity impairment into three groups(unimpaired,mildly impaired,and severely impaired).The gait data of patients under uncorrected vision were collected using the Qualisys motion capture system and the Kistler three-dimensional force platform,and the balance ability of patients was assessed simultaneously.Subsequently,the gait and assessment data were statistically analyzed to compare inter-group differences.Results Compared with the visually unimpaired group,significant differences in step length,symmetry,and walking speed were observed in hemiplegic patients of the mild visual impairment group and severe visual impairment group.As VI increased,gait abnormalities became more pronounced,with a longer double-limb support phase,a longer swing phase of the affected limb,and a shorter single-limb support phase of the affected limb in the gait cycle.Compared with the visually unimpaired group,significant differences in center of pressure(COP)and COP symmetry were found between the mild visual impairment group and severe visual impairment group,with gait abnormalities intensifying.The Berg balance scale(BBS)scores showed that there was a significant difference between the visually unimpaired group and severe visual impairment group,indicating that the group with visual impairment had poorer balance ability.Conclusions VI has a significant negative impact on the gait and walking ability of hemiplegic patients.This study emphasizes the importance of focusing on the impact of VI in the rehabilitation of hemiplegic patients,with regular vision assessments and personalized interventions being conducted,which are of great significance in enhancing patients' walking quality.

The aim of this paper was to investigate the serotypes,virulence factors and drug resist-ance of clinical isolates of Pasteurella rnultocida of porcine origin in recent years.Morphological screening and polymerase chain reaction(PCR)were used to isolate and identify 119 isolates from nasal swabs and lung tissue samples sent from swine farms in Zhejiang Province from 2010 to 2024.The isolates of Pasteurella multocida were subjected to capsular polysaccharide serotyping,lipopolysaccharide serotyping,virulence factor detection and drug resistance analysis by PCR and Kirby-Bauer disc agar diffusion method(K-B).The results showed that there were 64 strains(53.7％)of A-type,54 strains(45.3％)of D-type and 1 strain(0.9％)of F-type among the capsu-lar polysaccharide serotypes,and 10 strains(8.4％)of L1-type,20 strains(16.8％)of L3-type,86 strains(72.2％)of L6-type,and 3 strains(2.6％)of undetermined type among the lipopolysaccha-ride serotypes.The amplification results of 10 virulence genes showed that the detection rate of virulence genes hgbA,higbB and fimA was over 86.0％,the detection rate of toxA was 8.4％,while the virulence gene tbpA was not detected.There were also differences in the distribution vir-ulence genes in different capsular polysaccharide serotypes.Virulence factor pfhA was detected in type A and F but not in type D.The detection rate of adhesin gene tadD in serotype A(92.2％)was significantly higher than that of type D(9.3％),and,on the contrary,the detection rate of ad-hesin gene hsf-l in serotype D(90.7％)was significantly higher than that of type A(20.3％).Drug resistance analysis revealed that Pasteurella multocida showed high susceptibility to antimi-crobial drugs such as amoxicillin,ampicillin,cephalosporins,doxycycline,fosfenicol and ciprofloxa-cin,and showed strong resistance to antimicrobial drugs such as lincomycin,cotrimoxazole,genta-micin and amikacin,and there were 54 multi-drug resistant strains(78.3％).In summary,capsular polysaccharide serotypes were dominated by type A and D,lipopolysaccharide serotypes were dom-inated by L6,the distribution of some virulence genes varied greatly among different serotypes,and the proportion of multi-resistant strains was high,which provide reference for the prevention and control of this disease.

Alzheimer's disease(AD),a neurodegenerative disorder,manifests pathological changes in the brain even during the asymptomatic stage.As the pathological burden intensifies,patients experience functional decline in multiple cognitive domains,including memory,language,spatial perception,executive function,and calculation,and may also exhibit emotional abnormalities.Once AD progresses,treatment becomes extremely chal-lenging.Therefore,early diagnosis and accurate prediction of disease conversion are core tasks in the prevention and treatment of AD,and they are also urgent scientific research challenges to be overcome.Deep learning(DL)models demonstrate considerable advantages in the diagnosis,prediction,classification,and feature extraction of AD,offering new hope for solving this challenging problem.This research commences with a concise introduction to the outcomes of AD and the fundamental knowledge of deep learning.Subsequently,it offers an overview of the imaging studies on the utilization of deep learning for predicting disease transformation from two perspectives.Firstly,it systematically summarizes the existing DL models that have demonstrated innovation in the classification and prediction performance of AD.Secondly,it provides a comprehensive outline of the DL fusion models applied to the diagnosis,classification,and prediction of AD.Finally,this paper expounds upon the impending challenges in the research of this domain.This article demonstrates that deep learning models is cutting-edge trends in the ex-ploration of AD research.

Objective To explore the mechanism of Yizhu Wendan Decoction in treating eczema through GEO database combined with network pharmacology and experimental verification.Methods TCMSP,BATMAN-TCM and ETCM databases were used to screen the active components of Yizhu Wendan Decoction.Disease target information related to eczema was collected through GEO database.The drug-component-target network and PPI network were constructed by intersections of active component targets and disease targets.GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed using DAVID database.CCK-8 method was used to screen out the optimal intervention concentration of freeze-dried powder of Yizhu Wendan Decoction.HaCaT cells were divided into control group,model group,Yizhu Wendan Decoction low concentration group,Yizhu Wendan Decoction high concentration group,si-IL-17RA group,si-IL-17RA+Yizhu Wendan Decoction low concentration group,si-IL-17RA+Yizhu Wendan Decoction high concentration group,Dexamethasone group,si-IL-17RA+Dexamethasone group.Each group was given relevant intervention.The expressions of chemokines and inflammatory factors were detected by qPCR.EdU and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining were used to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis.Western blot was performed to detect the expressions of proteins related to apoptosis,skin barrier and IL-17 signaling pathway.Results By using databases,180 active components of Yizhu Wendan Decoction were obtained.Combined with GEO database microarrays related to eczema(GSE6012 and GSE57225),8 potential targets of Yizhu Wendan Decoction in the treatment of eczema were obtained.KEGG enrichment pathway mainly involved IL-17 signaling pathway,lipid and atherosclerotic,TNF signaling pathway,fluid shear stress and atherosclerotic,etc.When Yizhu Wendan Decoction freeze-dried powder concentration was 100 μg/mL,cell viability was the strongest.Yizhu Wendan Decoction could significantly inhibit the mRNA expressions of chemokines and inflammatory factors CCL17,CCL22,IL-1β,TNF-α,IL-6,IFN-γ,and increase the mRNA expression of IL-4 in eczema.It promoted the proliferation of HaCaT cells,increased the protein expression of Bcl-2,and reduced the protein expressions of Bad and Cleaved Caspase-3,thus inhibiting HaCaT cells apoptosis;promoted the protein expressions of FLG and LOR,and reduced the expression of MMP9,MMP1,CCL2,FOSL1,IL-17RA proteins in IL-17 signaling pathway.Conclusion Yizhu Wendan Decoction can treat eczema with multiple components,multiple pathways and multiple targets,promote the proliferation of HaCaT cells,inhibit their apoptosis,and restore the skin barrier.Its mechanism may be related to inhibiting the activation of IL-17 signaling pathway.

Intraluminal thrombus(ILT)at the vertebral artery origin is rare and often missed due to atypical symptoms.However,it poses a high risk of artery-to-artery embolism and severe posterior circulation ischemia.This article reports a case of missed diagnosis of ILT to improve the diagnostic ability.The patient,a 49-year-old male was admitted to emergency department with sudden dizziness accompanied by nausea for 12 hours.Head CT suggested posterior circulation ischemia.Patient was given aspirin 0.2 g/d and atorvastatin 20 mg/d orally and discharged from the hospital.Head MRI in the outpatient department showed a recent infarct in the right cerebellar hemisphere next day.On the 28th,dizziness recurred,accompanied by unsteady walking and right-sided hemisensory numbness.The symptoms persisted and did not improve.He was admitted to the hospital on the 29th.Cervical CTA showed severe stenosis at the origin of the right vertebral artery,filling defect in the distal lumen combined with the Donut sign.Thus,ILT was diagnosed.The drug treatment regimen was adjusted to aspirin 100 mg/d combined with clopidogrel 75 mg/d for a total of 15 weeks.High-resolution MRI of the cervical blood vessels in the outpatient department showed occlusion of the V1-V2 segment of the right vertebral artery.On November 2,endovascular treatment was performed under local anesthesia.At 90 days and 6 months of follow-up after the operation,no recurrence of cerebral ischemia events occurred,and the mRS score was 0.This case highlights the need for vigilance toward ILT in posterior circulation ischemia when initial imaging is inconclusive.Early dynamic CTA(5-7 days)combined with dual antiplatelets may prevent thrombus progression and improve outcomes.

Objective To explore the impact of vision impairment(VI)on the gait of hemiplegic patients,assess their walking ability and fall risks,and provide a basis for developing effective rehabilitation strategies.Methods Thirty hemiplegic patients were enrolled and stratified by the severity of visual acuity impairment into three groups(unimpaired,mildly impaired,and severely impaired).The gait data of patients under uncorrected vision were collected using the Qualisys motion capture system and the Kistler three-dimensional force platform,and the balance ability of patients was assessed simultaneously.Subsequently,the gait and assessment data were statistically analyzed to compare inter-group differences.Results Compared with the visually unimpaired group,significant differences in step length,symmetry,and walking speed were observed in hemiplegic patients of the mild visual impairment group and severe visual impairment group.As VI increased,gait abnormalities became more pronounced,with a longer double-limb support phase,a longer swing phase of the affected limb,and a shorter single-limb support phase of the affected limb in the gait cycle.Compared with the visually unimpaired group,significant differences in center of pressure(COP)and COP symmetry were found between the mild visual impairment group and severe visual impairment group,with gait abnormalities intensifying.The Berg balance scale(BBS)scores showed that there was a significant difference between the visually unimpaired group and severe visual impairment group,indicating that the group with visual impairment had poorer balance ability.Conclusions VI has a significant negative impact on the gait and walking ability of hemiplegic patients.This study emphasizes the importance of focusing on the impact of VI in the rehabilitation of hemiplegic patients,with regular vision assessments and personalized interventions being conducted,which are of great significance in enhancing patients' walking quality.

AIM:To investigate whether casein kinase 2(CK2)/calmodulin(CaM)/small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+channel type 2(SK2)signaling pathway mediates autophagy-induced sympathoexcitation in the paraventricu-lar nucleus(PVN)of rats with chronic heart failure(CHF).METHODS:We randomly divided 180 Wistar rats,aged 6 to 8 weeks,into 10 groups:sham+dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO),sham+artificial cerebrospinal(aCSF),CHF+DMSO,CHF+aCSF,CHF+rapamycin(RAPA),CHF+3-methyladenine(3-MA),CHF+5,6-dichlorobenzimidazole riboside(DRB),CHF+calmidazolium chloride(CMDZ),CHF+N-cyclohexyl-N-[2-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amine(CyPPA),and CHF+apamin groups.We measured cardiac function,hemodynamic parameters,anatomic indicators,and sympathetic drive indicators(n=18).Western blot was used to examine the protein levels of mi-crotubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II(LC3-II)/LC3-I,beclin-1,P62,CK2α,SK2,and phosphorylated CaM.The number of SK2-positive neurons was measured using immunofluorescence staining.The NG108 cells were randomly divided into 6 groups:DMSO,aCSF,RAPA,3-MA,RAPA+DRB,and RAPA+CMDZ groups.Radioisotope 32P-ATP pro-tein kinase activity assays were used to detect CK2 activity in cultured NG108 cells.We used Western blot to examine the protein levels of CK2α,SK2,and phosphorylated CaM.RESULTS:Compared with CHF rats treated with vehicle,CHF rats treated with RAPA or apamin exhibited increased sympathetic drive indicators,but decreased left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening(P<0.01).However,CHF symptoms,including sympathoexcitation,were attenuated by 3-MA,DRB,CMDZ or CyPPA infusion into the PVN(P<0.01).In CHF rats,RAPA infusion into the PVN induced CK2 activity,up-regulated LC3-II/LC3-I,beclin-1,CK2α,and phosphorylated CaM levels,but down-regulated P62 and SK2 expression,as well as the number of SK2-positive neurons(P<0.05 or P<0.01).In CHF rats,infusion of 3-MA or DRB into the PVN decreased CK2 activity,and down-regulated phosphorylated CaM level(P<0.01).Infusion of 3-MA,DRB or CMDZ into the PVN up-regulated SK2 expression and the number of SK2-positive neurons(P<0.01).In cultured NG108 cells,RAPA induced CK2 activation and up-regulated the expression of CK2α and the phosphorylation of CaM,but down-regulated SK2 expression(P<0.01).Treatment with RAPA increased the level of phosphorylated CaM and down-regulated SK2 expression in cultured NG108 cells(P<0.01),which was inhibited by DRB and CMDZ(P<0.05 or P<0.01).CONCLUSION:In rats with CHF,the CK2/CaM/SK2 signaling pathway in the PVN contributes to autophagy-induced sympathoexcitation.

Objective To explore the immediate impact of acute vision changes in hemiplegic patients on their gait.Methods Thirty visually normal hemiplegic patients were recruited.Plane mirrors(0°),concave lenses(+150°,+450°)were selected to simulate normal vision,moderate myopia,and high myopia scenarios for straight line walking tests.The Qualisys three-dimensional(3D)motion capture system and Kistler 3D force platform were employed to collect kinematic and dynamic parameters of the patients,and the differences in related indicators before and after visual intervention were compared.Results Visual intervention affected the step length,walking speed,and joint angles of hemiplegic patients.Especially after acute vision changes,there was a significant difference in the stride length and ankle joint angles on the patient's affected side.Under high myopia,the step length and step length symmetry were better than those under moderate myopia,but at the expense of gait speed.Visual intervention led to asymmetric trends in step the length symmetry and joint angle symmetry.There were very significant differences in center of pressure(COP)and COP symmetry between normal vision and high myopia.Conclusions Acute vision changes can affect the gait of hemiplegic patients,especially in individuals with high myopia presenting both a notable decrease in walking speed and an increased ankle range of motion,and an increase in walking speed with moderate myopia.Meanwhile,the symmetry of the COP decreases,indicating that acute vision changes lead to a higher risk of falls for patients.Reasonable vision assessment and corresponding intervention measures are expected to improve walking ability and life quality of the patients.

The aim of this paper was to investigate the serotypes,virulence factors and drug resist-ance of clinical isolates of Pasteurella rnultocida of porcine origin in recent years.Morphological screening and polymerase chain reaction(PCR)were used to isolate and identify 119 isolates from nasal swabs and lung tissue samples sent from swine farms in Zhejiang Province from 2010 to 2024.The isolates of Pasteurella multocida were subjected to capsular polysaccharide serotyping,lipopolysaccharide serotyping,virulence factor detection and drug resistance analysis by PCR and Kirby-Bauer disc agar diffusion method(K-B).The results showed that there were 64 strains(53.7％)of A-type,54 strains(45.3％)of D-type and 1 strain(0.9％)of F-type among the capsu-lar polysaccharide serotypes,and 10 strains(8.4％)of L1-type,20 strains(16.8％)of L3-type,86 strains(72.2％)of L6-type,and 3 strains(2.6％)of undetermined type among the lipopolysaccha-ride serotypes.The amplification results of 10 virulence genes showed that the detection rate of virulence genes hgbA,higbB and fimA was over 86.0％,the detection rate of toxA was 8.4％,while the virulence gene tbpA was not detected.There were also differences in the distribution vir-ulence genes in different capsular polysaccharide serotypes.Virulence factor pfhA was detected in type A and F but not in type D.The detection rate of adhesin gene tadD in serotype A(92.2％)was significantly higher than that of type D(9.3％),and,on the contrary,the detection rate of ad-hesin gene hsf-l in serotype D(90.7％)was significantly higher than that of type A(20.3％).Drug resistance analysis revealed that Pasteurella multocida showed high susceptibility to antimi-crobial drugs such as amoxicillin,ampicillin,cephalosporins,doxycycline,fosfenicol and ciprofloxa-cin,and showed strong resistance to antimicrobial drugs such as lincomycin,cotrimoxazole,genta-micin and amikacin,and there were 54 multi-drug resistant strains(78.3％).In summary,capsular polysaccharide serotypes were dominated by type A and D,lipopolysaccharide serotypes were dom-inated by L6,the distribution of some virulence genes varied greatly among different serotypes,and the proportion of multi-resistant strains was high,which provide reference for the prevention and control of this disease.

Alzheimer's disease(AD),a neurodegenerative disorder,manifests pathological changes in the brain even during the asymptomatic stage.As the pathological burden intensifies,patients experience functional decline in multiple cognitive domains,including memory,language,spatial perception,executive function,and calculation,and may also exhibit emotional abnormalities.Once AD progresses,treatment becomes extremely chal-lenging.Therefore,early diagnosis and accurate prediction of disease conversion are core tasks in the prevention and treatment of AD,and they are also urgent scientific research challenges to be overcome.Deep learning(DL)models demonstrate considerable advantages in the diagnosis,prediction,classification,and feature extraction of AD,offering new hope for solving this challenging problem.This research commences with a concise introduction to the outcomes of AD and the fundamental knowledge of deep learning.Subsequently,it offers an overview of the imaging studies on the utilization of deep learning for predicting disease transformation from two perspectives.Firstly,it systematically summarizes the existing DL models that have demonstrated innovation in the classification and prediction performance of AD.Secondly,it provides a comprehensive outline of the DL fusion models applied to the diagnosis,classification,and prediction of AD.Finally,this paper expounds upon the impending challenges in the research of this domain.This article demonstrates that deep learning models is cutting-edge trends in the ex-ploration of AD research.