Pathologic myopia(PM)is characterized by progressive axial elongation, posterior staphyloma, and fundus degenerative changes, representing a leading cause of blindness in Asian countries.Posterior scleral reinforcement(PSR)is currently the only surgical intervention to slow axial elongation. Its mechanisms involve mechanical reinforcement, improved blood circulation, and biological stimulation of scleral remodeling. This article reviews recent advances in PSR: surgical techniques have evolved from complex, classic procedures to standardized single-strip methods, incorporating 3D MRI to quantify posterior staphyloma morphology for personalized graft design and facilitating minimally invasive, precision surgery. Among implant materials, biomaterials such as allogeneic dura mater are being continuously optimized, while biomimetic piezoelectric smart materials actively promote scleral collagen synthesis through electrical signals, achieving a paradigm shift from “passive support”to “active reinforcement”. Clinical outcomes indicate advantages in regulating axial length, enhancing visual function and blood circulation, and facilitating early intervention in children. Combined procedures with ICL implantation, cataract surgery or vitrectomy provide comprehensive treatment regimens for individual patients with varied conditions. This article also analyzes long-term issues and core controversies including ectopic posterior staphyloma and reoperation, and prospects future research directions such as artificial intelligence assistance, translation of smart materials and full-cycle prevention and treatment systems, so as to provide references for clinical practice and scientific research.

Childhood bronchial asthma （hereinafter referred to as asthma） is frequently accompanied by comorbidities such as allergic rhinitis， eczema， allergic enteritis， tic disorders， and obesity. Based on the theory of "syndrome-based disease regulation"， this paper proposes that dampness， heat， and phlegm constitute the common pathological basis of asthma comorbidities in children living in cold regions. Focusing on the remission stage of asthma， this paper proposes that treatment should emphasize dispersing and draining pathogenic factors， diffusing and unblocking sanjiao （三焦）， with clearing heat， draining dampness， and resolving phlegm as the fundamental therapeutic principle. For asthma complicated by allergic rhinitis， Xiebai Wendan Decoction （泻白温胆汤） combined with Cang'erzi Powder （苍耳子散） is recommended. For asthma complicated by eczema， Baiguo Wendan Decoction （白果温胆汤） combined with Yiyi Zhuye Powder （薏苡竹叶散） is applied. For asthma complicated by allergic enteritis， Zhizhu Wendan Decoction （枳术温胆汤） is selected. For asthma complicated by tic disorders， Changyu Wendan Decoction （菖郁温胆汤） is used. And for asthma complicated by obesity， Zexie Wendan Decoction （泽泻温胆汤） is prescribed. This approach aims to achieve the therapeutic goals of "treating different diseases with the same principle" and "regulating both constitution and disease".

Retinal vein occlusion(RVO), the second most common retinal vascular disease, is primarily caused by thrombosis or mechanical compression from adjacent arteries, leading to partial or complete venous obstruction. Emerging evidence suggests that inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of RVO. Various systemic inflammatory markers, such as NLR, SII, and PLR, have gained increasing attention due to their close association with the occurrence and clinical outcomes of RVO and secondary macular edema. Given their accessibility, low cost, and high reproducibility, these markers can serve as valuable adjuncts to ophthalmic imaging in assessing systemic inflammatory status and disease progression. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in systemic inflammatory markers for RVO, highlighting their associations with the occurrence, prognosis, and treatment response of RVO and macular edema. Furthermore, the limitations of current evidence were evaluated and outline future research directions were discussed, aiming to provide hematological adjunctive evidence for early risk identification and treatment monitoring in RVO.

ObjectiveTo investigate the influencing factors for traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndromes in pancreatic cancer by analyzing 608 cases， and to provide a theoretical reference for TCM syndrome differentiation and standardized treatment of pancreatic cancer. MethodsA total of 608 patients with a pathological or clinical diagnosis of pancreatic cancer who were admitted to Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine， The Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine， and Shanxi Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from January 2019 to December 2023 were enrolled， and TCM syndrome differentiation was performed. The chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. The clinical data with statistical significance between groups were included in the regression analysis， and the unordered polytomous logistic regression model was used to investigate the influencing factors for the TCM syndrome of pancreatic cancer. ResultsFor the 608 patients with pancreatic cancer， common initial symptoms included abdominal pain （32.40%）， abdominal distension （23.85%）， fatigue （16.12%）， and emaciation （10.03%）， and the main clinical symptoms included poor appetite （75.97%）， abdominal pain （67.27%）， fatigue （61.84%）， abdominal distension （57.40%）， and emaciation （53.62%）. There were significant differences between the patients with different TCM syndromes of pancreatic cancer in sex （χ²=62.823， P<0.001）， disease duration （χ²=14.868， P=0.011）， clinical stage （χ²=21.006， P<0.001）， lymph node metastasis （χ²=2.205， P=0.032）， surgery （χ²=38.008， P<0.001）， chemotherapy （χ²=21.384， P<0.001）， radiotherapy （χ²=17.510， P=0.004）， and immunotherapy （χ²=18.573， P=0.002）. The logistic regression analysis showed that male sex was a protective factor against Qi and blood deficiency syndrome （odds ratio ［OR］=0.081， 95% confidence interval ［CI］： 0.031‍ ‍—‍ ‍0.213， P<0.001）， Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome （OR=0.100， 95%CI： 0.041‍ ‍—‍ ‍0.247， P<0.001）， and syndrome of Yin deficiency with internal heat （OR=0.158， 95%CI： 0.057‍ ‍—‍ ‍0.444， P<0.001）， while it was a risk factor for the syndrome of damp-heat accumulation （OR=2.378， 95%CI： 1.074‍ ‍—‍ ‍5.266， P=0.033）； the course of the disease of<1 year was a protective factor against Qi and blood deficiency syndrome （OR=0.167， 95%CI： 0.073‍ ‍—‍ ‍0.383， P<0.001）， syndrome of spleen-kidney Yang deficiency （OR=0.183， 95%CI： 0.089‍ ‍—‍ ‍0.378， P<0.001）， and syndrome of Yin deficiency and internal heat （OR=0.164， 95%CI： 0.070‍ ‍—‍ ‍0.385， P<0.001）； clinical stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ/Ⅲ was a risk factor for damp-heat accumulation （OR=2.793， 95%CI： 1.259‍ ‍—‍ ‍6.196， P=0.012） and Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome （OR=7.863， 95%CI： 2.808‍ ‍—‍ ‍22.020， P<0.001）； lymph node metastasis was a risk factor for Qi and blood deficiency syndrome （OR=4.005， 95%CI： 1.477‍ ‍—‍ ‍10.861， P=0.006）； surgical treatment was a risk factor for Qi and blood deficiency syndrome （OR=4.151， 95%CI： 1.916‍ ‍—‍ ‍8.995， P<0.001）， syndrome of spleen-kidney yang deficiency （OR=5.352， 95%CI： 2.436‍ ‍—‍ ‍11.759， P<0.001）， Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome （OR=2.334， 95%CI： 1.071‍ ‍—‍ ‍5.088， P=0.033）， and syndrome of Yin deficiency and internal heat （OR=4.167， 95%CI： 1.789‍ ‍—‍ ‍9.707， P<0.001）； chemotherapy was a protective factor against damp-heat accumulation （OR=0.188， 95%CI： 0.082‍ ‍—‍ ‍0.428， P<0.001）； radiotherapy was a risk factor for damp-heat accumulation （OR=2.571， 95%CI： 1.151‍ ‍—‍ ‍5.746， P=0.021） and syndrome of Yin deficiency with internal heat （OR=8.384， 95%CI： 3.348‍ ‍—‍ ‍20.997， P<0.001）； immunotherapy was a risk factor for Qi and blood deficiency syndrome （OR=2.114， 95%CI： 1.021‍ ‍—‍ ‍4.379， P=0.044）. ConclusionSex， course of the disease， clinical stage， presence or absence of lymph node metastasis， surgery， chemotherapy， radiotherapy， and immunotherapy are the main influencing factors for the TCM syndrome of pancreatic cancer.

Background and Aims:Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy(LPD)has become a preferred approach for periampullary tumors,yet delayed gastric emptying(DGE)remains a frequent complication that hampers postoperative recovery.The nasojejunal feeding tube(NJT)is commonly used for early enteral nutrition,but its impact on DGE is controversial.This study aimed to evaluate whether intraoperative NJT placement increases the risk of DGE after LPD and to assess its influence on postoperative recovery outcomes.Methods:A retrospective cohort of 319 patients who underwent LPD at Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University from April 2017 to November 2023 was analyzed.Patients were divided into two groups based on intraoperative NJT placement(NJT group,n=200;non-NJT group,n=119).The incidence of DGE and postoperative outcomes were compared.Multivariate logistic regression and propensity score matching(PSM)were performed to identify independent risk factors for DGE.Results:The incidence of grade B/C DGE was significantly higher in the NJT group than in the non-NJT group(36.5%vs.21.8%,P=0.006).NJT placement was associated with longer postoperative hospital stay and higher hospitalization costs(both P<0.05).Multivariate analysis revealed intraoperative NJT placement(OR=1.960,95%CI=1.142-3.363,P=0.015)and intraoperative blood loss>400 mL(OR=1.921,95%CI=1.155-3.194,P=0.012)as independent risk factors for DGE.These findings were consistent after PSM.Conclusions:Prophylactic intraoperative NJT placement confers no additional benefit for postoperative recovery after LPD and is associated with a higher risk of DGE,prolonged hospitalization,and increased medical costs.Routine NJT placement should therefore be avoided,and individualized strategies should be adopted to minimize postoperative complications and enhance recovery.

AIM:To investigate whether casein kinase 2(CK2)/calmodulin(CaM)/small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+channel type 2(SK2)signaling pathway mediates autophagy-induced sympathoexcitation in the paraventricu-lar nucleus(PVN)of rats with chronic heart failure(CHF).METHODS:We randomly divided 180 Wistar rats,aged 6 to 8 weeks,into 10 groups:sham+dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO),sham+artificial cerebrospinal(aCSF),CHF+DMSO,CHF+aCSF,CHF+rapamycin(RAPA),CHF+3-methyladenine(3-MA),CHF+5,6-dichlorobenzimidazole riboside(DRB),CHF+calmidazolium chloride(CMDZ),CHF+N-cyclohexyl-N-[2-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amine(CyPPA),and CHF+apamin groups.We measured cardiac function,hemodynamic parameters,anatomic indicators,and sympathetic drive indicators(n=18).Western blot was used to examine the protein levels of mi-crotubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II(LC3-II)/LC3-I,beclin-1,P62,CK2α,SK2,and phosphorylated CaM.The number of SK2-positive neurons was measured using immunofluorescence staining.The NG108 cells were randomly divided into 6 groups:DMSO,aCSF,RAPA,3-MA,RAPA+DRB,and RAPA+CMDZ groups.Radioisotope 32P-ATP pro-tein kinase activity assays were used to detect CK2 activity in cultured NG108 cells.We used Western blot to examine the protein levels of CK2α,SK2,and phosphorylated CaM.RESULTS:Compared with CHF rats treated with vehicle,CHF rats treated with RAPA or apamin exhibited increased sympathetic drive indicators,but decreased left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening(P<0.01).However,CHF symptoms,including sympathoexcitation,were attenuated by 3-MA,DRB,CMDZ or CyPPA infusion into the PVN(P<0.01).In CHF rats,RAPA infusion into the PVN induced CK2 activity,up-regulated LC3-II/LC3-I,beclin-1,CK2α,and phosphorylated CaM levels,but down-regulated P62 and SK2 expression,as well as the number of SK2-positive neurons(P<0.05 or P<0.01).In CHF rats,infusion of 3-MA or DRB into the PVN decreased CK2 activity,and down-regulated phosphorylated CaM level(P<0.01).Infusion of 3-MA,DRB or CMDZ into the PVN up-regulated SK2 expression and the number of SK2-positive neurons(P<0.01).In cultured NG108 cells,RAPA induced CK2 activation and up-regulated the expression of CK2α and the phosphorylation of CaM,but down-regulated SK2 expression(P<0.01).Treatment with RAPA increased the level of phosphorylated CaM and down-regulated SK2 expression in cultured NG108 cells(P<0.01),which was inhibited by DRB and CMDZ(P<0.05 or P<0.01).CONCLUSION:In rats with CHF,the CK2/CaM/SK2 signaling pathway in the PVN contributes to autophagy-induced sympathoexcitation.

Objective:To explore the effects of passive distraction training modalities on aging skeletal muscle cells and its underlying mechanisms,and to provide experimental data on effective interventions for patients with severe loss of locomotor capacity in severe skeletal sarcopenia.Method:An in vitro skeletal muscle cell aging model by C2C12 differentiated skeletal muscle cells with D-ga-lactose stimulation were established.Aging skeletal muscle cells were subjected to cyclic stretch(0.5Hz,24h)using an FX-5000 Flex Cell Tension system.Senescence and oxidative stress levels were assessed through mito-chondrial membrane potential,antioxidant content,EdU assay,and β-galactosidase staining.The expression of AMPK/PGC-α/FOXO3 signaling molecules related to muscle cell protein synthesis and decomposition in the cells was analyzed by Western Blot.Result:Passive stretching significantly reduced the positive rate of aging in senescent skeletal muscle cells(18.03%±6.82%)compared with the aging group(42.86%±10.54%,P<0.05).The expression levels of intracellu-lar AMPK and PGC-1α significantly increased after passive stretching,while the expression of FOXO3 de-creased significantly compared to the aging group(P<0.05).In addition,passive stretching increased the mito-chondrial membrane potential but appeared to reduce the antioxidant content in aging skeletal muscle cells,po-tentially related to changes in PGC-1α expression levels.Conclusion:Passive stretching improved the aging state of skeletal muscle cells by modulating the AMPK/PGC-1α/FOXO3 signaling pathway and oxidative stress levels,revealing the great potential of passive stretch-ing as the treatment for severe sarcopenia.

OBJECTIVE Based on the Heracles NEO ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose,to analyze the odor composition of Abutili Semen before and after stir-frying,and to establish an effective and rapid identification method of raw and stir-frying Abutili Se-men based on odor.METHODS The decoction pieces of Abutili Semen were prepared by stir-frying method.An ultra-fast gas-phase electronic nose method was established for the detection of Abutili Semen before and after stir-frying,the odor spectrum was col-lected,and the possible odor components and chromatographic peak areas were obtained in combination with the AroChemBase data-base,and analyzed by chemometric model.RESULTS The odor fingerprints of Abutili Semen before and after stir-frying were estab-lished,and 19 odor peaks were matched between Abutili Semen decoction pieces and stir-fried Abutili Semen.The peak areas of 7 odor components,hexanal,2-furanmethanol,2-methyl-2-propanol,2-methylbutanal,3-methylbutanal,2-methylpropanal,2,3,5-trim-ethylpyrazine,all increased after stir-frying,and the VIP values of the peaks were greater than 1(P<0.05),which were presumed to be the markers for the differences in the odors of Abutili Semen before and after stir-frying.CONCLUSION The Heracles NEO ul-tra-fast gas phase electronic nose can quickly identify the odor components of Abutili Semen before and after frying,which can provide new ideas and methods for quality control of Abutili Semen.

OBJECTIVE Based on the Heracles NEO ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose,to analyze the odor composition of Abutili Semen before and after stir-frying,and to establish an effective and rapid identification method of raw and stir-frying Abutili Se-men based on odor.METHODS The decoction pieces of Abutili Semen were prepared by stir-frying method.An ultra-fast gas-phase electronic nose method was established for the detection of Abutili Semen before and after stir-frying,the odor spectrum was col-lected,and the possible odor components and chromatographic peak areas were obtained in combination with the AroChemBase data-base,and analyzed by chemometric model.RESULTS The odor fingerprints of Abutili Semen before and after stir-frying were estab-lished,and 19 odor peaks were matched between Abutili Semen decoction pieces and stir-fried Abutili Semen.The peak areas of 7 odor components,hexanal,2-furanmethanol,2-methyl-2-propanol,2-methylbutanal,3-methylbutanal,2-methylpropanal,2,3,5-trim-ethylpyrazine,all increased after stir-frying,and the VIP values of the peaks were greater than 1(P<0.05),which were presumed to be the markers for the differences in the odors of Abutili Semen before and after stir-frying.CONCLUSION The Heracles NEO ul-tra-fast gas phase electronic nose can quickly identify the odor components of Abutili Semen before and after frying,which can provide new ideas and methods for quality control of Abutili Semen.

Objective:To continuously track the publishing budget of provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)in China and comprehend the management changes in the provincial CDCs based on the financial input.Methods:Publishing budget data for the period 2021—2024 of 31 provincial CDCs and provincial health administrations in China were collected and analyzed from the perspectives of time change and proportion relationship.Results:Statistical analysis revealed that the overall budget income of provincial CDCs in 2024 exceeded that of 2021.Most provincial CDCs in many provinces exhibited high-level growth(some with slight fluctuations),stable growth,and rapid growth in budget income changes.The proportion of provincial CDCs'budget income relative to provincial health administrations steadily increased,and the synergistic relationship mainly manifested as increase in the same direction,but there is a situation of changing from"strong benign"to"weak benign".Conclusion:The development of the budget income for provincial CDCs in China aligns with the imperative to establish a stable public health investment mechanism,reflecting more support towards provincial CDCs in recent years.Future efforts should continue focusing on the synergistic relationship between provincial CDCs and provincial health administrations,so as to provide guidance for the local provincial CDC budget management and provide references for CDCs in other provinces.