Objective To explore the mechanism of Glaucocalyxin A(GLA)in inhibiting ovalbumin(OVA)-induced airway remodeling in asthmatic mice through the topoisomerase Ⅱ α(TOP2A)/cyclin-dependent kinase 1(CDK1)signaling pathway.Methods Forty Balb/c mice were randomly divided into 5 groups:the control group,the model group,the low-dose GLA group,the high-dose GLA group and the Dexamethasone group,with 8 mice in each group.The effect of GLA on airway remodeling was examined by immunohistochemical staining,ELISA and other methods,and bioinformatics methods were used to predict new targets of GLA.The action targets of TOP2A were screened using the STRING database,and the interaction relationship between the two was verified by co-immunoprecipitation.In vitro,GLA and siRNA were used to interfere with interleukin-4(IL-4)-stimulated human airway epithelial cells BEAS-2B.The expressions of TOP2A,epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),Integrin β1,focal adhesion kinase(FAK),β-catenin,CDK1 and DRP1 were detected by Western Blot.Results GLA intervention could significantly reduce OVA-induced asthma airway remodeling,airway smooth muscle thickening,collagen deposition around the airway,the number of eosinophils in alveolar lavage fluid,the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4,and the level of serum IgE.The new target of GLA screened out was TOP2A,which was highly expressed in the lung tissue of the asthma airway remodeling model.GLA intervention could down-regulate its expression.In vitro,intervention with GLA and si-TOP2A could significantly down-regulate the expressions of IL-4-induced TOP2A,EGFR,Integrin β1,FAK and β-catenin.Further studies have found that TOP2A had an interaction relationship with CDK1.si-TOP2A could downregulate the expression of CDK1,and knockdown of CDK1 could significantly down-regulate the expression of phosphorylated DRP1.Conclusion GLA may alleviate asthma airway remodeling by targeting the TOP2A/CDK1 signaling pathway,providing experimental evidence for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of asthma airway remodeling in asthma.

Ischemic stroke (IS) is a globally life-threatening disease. Presently, few therapeutic medicines are available for treating IS, and rt-PA is the only drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the US. In fact, many agents showing excellent neuroprotection but no blood flow-improving activity in animals have not achieved ideal clinical efficacy, while thrombolytic drugs only improving blood flow without neuroprotection have limited their wider application. To address these challenges and meet the huge unmet clinical need, we have designed and identified a novel compound AAPB with dual effects of neuroprotection and cerebral blood flow improvement. AAPB significantly reduced cerebral infarction and neural function deficit in tMCAO rats, pMCAO rats, and IS rhesus monkeys, as well as displayed exceptional safety profiles and excellent pharmacokinetic properties in rats and dogs. AAPB has now entered phase I of clinical trials fighting IS in China.

Objective To explore the mechanism of Glaucocalyxin A(GLA)in inhibiting ovalbumin(OVA)-induced airway remodeling in asthmatic mice through the topoisomerase Ⅱ α(TOP2A)/cyclin-dependent kinase 1(CDK1)signaling pathway.Methods Forty Balb/c mice were randomly divided into 5 groups:the control group,the model group,the low-dose GLA group,the high-dose GLA group and the Dexamethasone group,with 8 mice in each group.The effect of GLA on airway remodeling was examined by immunohistochemical staining,ELISA and other methods,and bioinformatics methods were used to predict new targets of GLA.The action targets of TOP2A were screened using the STRING database,and the interaction relationship between the two was verified by co-immunoprecipitation.In vitro,GLA and siRNA were used to interfere with interleukin-4(IL-4)-stimulated human airway epithelial cells BEAS-2B.The expressions of TOP2A,epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),Integrin β1,focal adhesion kinase(FAK),β-catenin,CDK1 and DRP1 were detected by Western Blot.Results GLA intervention could significantly reduce OVA-induced asthma airway remodeling,airway smooth muscle thickening,collagen deposition around the airway,the number of eosinophils in alveolar lavage fluid,the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4,and the level of serum IgE.The new target of GLA screened out was TOP2A,which was highly expressed in the lung tissue of the asthma airway remodeling model.GLA intervention could down-regulate its expression.In vitro,intervention with GLA and si-TOP2A could significantly down-regulate the expressions of IL-4-induced TOP2A,EGFR,Integrin β1,FAK and β-catenin.Further studies have found that TOP2A had an interaction relationship with CDK1.si-TOP2A could downregulate the expression of CDK1,and knockdown of CDK1 could significantly down-regulate the expression of phosphorylated DRP1.Conclusion GLA may alleviate asthma airway remodeling by targeting the TOP2A/CDK1 signaling pathway,providing experimental evidence for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of asthma airway remodeling in asthma.

Objective:To study the clinical phenotype and molecular genetic characteristics of a Chinese Han family with X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS), and to determine the associated gene variations.Methods:A pedigree investigation was performed.The clinical characteristics and pedigree analysis of a Han Chinese family line with XLRS was conducted in August 2021 at the Xiamen Eye Center Affiliated to Xiamen University.All patients and the carriers underwent comprehensive medical history collection and routine ophthalmological examinations, including visual acuity, non-contact tonometer, slit lamp microscope, direct ophthalmoscope, and optical coherence tomography.The proband and some patients underwent medical optometry, fundus photography or wide-angle fundus photography, and electroretinogram examination.Peripheral venous blood samples were collected from the family members, and whole exome sequencing (WES) analysis was performed on the proband samples.For variants screened by WES, the expanded verification in other patients and normal persons in the family was carried out by Sanger sequencing.Multiple bioinformatic tools were used to analyze the pathogenicity of variants.This study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University (No.XMYKZX-KY-2021-012). Written informed consent forms were obtained from each subject or guardian of minors.CADD, FATHMM and other bioinformatics tools were used to analyze the pathogenicity of the variation sites.Results:The Han XLRS pedigree consisted of 8 individuals in 3 generations.Out of the 3 cases diagnosed with XLRS based on clinical evaluation, all were male.The mother of the proband was a carrier of related genes.There were 5 persons with normal phenotypes.There was no history of consanguineous marriages within the family, and the disease was shown to be intergenerational, which is consistent with the recessive inheritance of the X chromosome.None of the patients had a history of systemic disease or any other abnormal manifestations.The prevailing feature of ophthalmopathy was poor binocular vision since childhood.The proband and his younger brother had spoke split in the macula, and their grandfather showed atrophy of retinal nerve fibers.Genetic analysis revealed a hemizygous variation c. 214G>C: p.Glu72Gln in the RS1 gene in all the patients in this family.The proband's mother was heterozygous at this site, and all other phenotypically normal family members exhibited wild type at this site.This variant was predicted to be a deleterious variation and likely to cause disease based on bioinformatics analysis. Conclusions:The proband and patients in this Han Chinese family have the known c. 214G>C: p.Glu72Gln hemizygous variation of the RS1 gene and exhibit mild XLRS, which was consistent with the recessive inheritance of X chromosome.

Objective:To explore the basic rules of hemodynamics of the multi-territory flap in the early stage.Methods:In this paper, based on the prototype of the free flaps and vascularized pedicled transpositional flaps. The angiosome theory was applied as a basis to systematically analyze the blood flow pathway, the resistance network, and the series or parallel connection mode between each resistance network within the flap, according to the knowledge of fluid mechanics and current pathway, and finally the mathematical model was used for deduction.Results:Based on the model, it can be concluded that a dynamic flow balance can be achieved in the arteries and veins of the multi-territory flap in the early stage and the flap could be divided into four areas: the effective microcirculation zone, the venous stasis zone, the relative ischemic zone and the absolute ischemic zone. And the following inferences can be drawn: (1) The blood supply to the vascular pedicle is constant by pressure rather than by flow. (2) The resistance of the flap varies by the position or the relative position of the arterial vascular pedicle and venous vascular pedicle. (3) The flow velocity decrease gradually from the pedicle to the distal end. (4) The main factors that lead to distal flap necrosis vary depending on the region in which they are located: the venous stasis zone is mainly due to obstructed venous return, and the relative and absolute ischemic zones are mainly due to insufficient arterial blood supply.Conclusions:The basic rules and characteristics of hemodynamics of the multi-territory flap in the early stage can be well explained by this theoretical model, the pedicled artery and vein of the flap can achieve a dynamic balance of flow, and the blood flow gradually decreases from the pedicle to the distal end. The survival range of the flap depends on the pressure difference between the artery and vein as well as the resistance of the blood flow path in the flaps. The distal necrotic area of the flap can be divided into venous stasis area and arterial insufficiency area.

Objective:To explore the basic rules of hemodynamics of the multi-territory flap in the early stage.Methods:In this paper, based on the prototype of the free flaps and vascularized pedicled transpositional flaps. The angiosome theory was applied as a basis to systematically analyze the blood flow pathway, the resistance network, and the series or parallel connection mode between each resistance network within the flap, according to the knowledge of fluid mechanics and current pathway, and finally the mathematical model was used for deduction.Results:Based on the model, it can be concluded that a dynamic flow balance can be achieved in the arteries and veins of the multi-territory flap in the early stage and the flap could be divided into four areas: the effective microcirculation zone, the venous stasis zone, the relative ischemic zone and the absolute ischemic zone. And the following inferences can be drawn: (1) The blood supply to the vascular pedicle is constant by pressure rather than by flow. (2) The resistance of the flap varies by the position or the relative position of the arterial vascular pedicle and venous vascular pedicle. (3) The flow velocity decrease gradually from the pedicle to the distal end. (4) The main factors that lead to distal flap necrosis vary depending on the region in which they are located: the venous stasis zone is mainly due to obstructed venous return, and the relative and absolute ischemic zones are mainly due to insufficient arterial blood supply.Conclusions:The basic rules and characteristics of hemodynamics of the multi-territory flap in the early stage can be well explained by this theoretical model, the pedicled artery and vein of the flap can achieve a dynamic balance of flow, and the blood flow gradually decreases from the pedicle to the distal end. The survival range of the flap depends on the pressure difference between the artery and vein as well as the resistance of the blood flow path in the flaps. The distal necrotic area of the flap can be divided into venous stasis area and arterial insufficiency area.

Objective In this study,a multiplex PCR amplification system was constructed based on fluorescent labeling PCR and LDR,to provide a new strategy for analyzing severely degraded DNA.Methods Eight SNP loci (rs10802248,rs10516197,rs10488372,rs2278945,rs4757318,rs4887255,rs4889002,and rs9304473) were selected.Their LDR probes and PCR primers of linked products were designed and synthesized.Ligase detection reaction,PCR amplification,and capillary gel electrophoresis (CEG) were performed to establish the multiplex LDR-PCR amplification system.Results The genotypes of these 8 loci were obtained simultaneously by the fluorescence-labeled multiplex LDR-PCR amplification method.The loci profiles obtained by fluorescence-labeled multiplex LDR-PCR amplification were in accordance with those obtained by direct sequencing of the polymorphic regions in samples from all individuals.By fluorescence-labeled multiplex LDR-PCR amplification,the 8 SNP loci were efficiently amplified from the severely degraded FFPET DNA.Conclusion Eight SNP loci results could be obtained simultaneously by using the multiplex LDR-PCR amplification system,which is a simple,efficient,and practical SNP genotyping method with accurate and reliable results for highly degraded samples.

Objective To investigate the effects of human amniotic membrane on the survival of the crossboundary perforator flap in rats through distal subcutaneous implantation.Methods From February,2016 to December,2016,38 SD rats weighing 270-300 g were randomly divided into experimental group and control group (n=19).A three-territory perforator flap (3 cm× 10 cm) with the iliac artery as the pedicel elevated on the right dorsum of the rats.Experiment group,a section of amnion was sutured to the distal subcutaneous of the flap and then the flap was sutured back to its donor site.Control group,after the flap elevated,directly sutured back to its donor site.The blood flow of the pedicel were detected by laser Doppler flowmetry at the day before surgery,1 day after surgery,3 and 7 days after surgery,with 3 rats in every group.When the rats were anesthetized,biopsies were taken from the choke area Ⅱ at the day before surgery,3 and 7 days after surgery,with 9 rats in every group.When the rats were anesthetized,HE was used to compare the diameter size of the artery and vein at the same site.At day 7,measure the survival area of the flap,and 3 of them observe the vessel of the flap by lead oxide-gelatine technique.Results The survival rate of the experimental group and the control group after 7 days were (89.09±4.23)％ and (74.56-±5.59)％ respectively,the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (t=5.48,P=0.00).X-ray showed that 7 days after operation,the pedicel of iliac artery in the experimental group was bigger than that in the control group.The blood flow detection showed that the blood flow of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group (t=2.39,3.06;P=0.03,0.00,respectively) at day 1 and day 3 after surgery.Hematoxylin eosin staining showed that arteriovenous tube diameter at the Choke Ⅱ were gradually increased on the day3 and day7 after surgery in both group,but the experimental group diameter expanded multiple was higher than that of control group (t=3.52,3.50;P=0.02,0.02,respectively).Conclusion Human Amnion subcutaneous embedding may improve the blood flow of the vascular pedicle,expand the microvascular at Choke area Ⅱ,improve microcirculation,as a result to promote the survival of cross perforator flap,while the mechanism is needed to understanding.

Objective To investigate the effects of DMOG on the microcirculation of the choke-area and the survival of the cross-boundary flap in rats via tail vein injection.Methods Rats with ischemic three-territory perforator flaps on the dorsum were treated with DMOG at a dosage of 40 mg/kg body weight via tail vein injection at 1 day before surgery(day-1),the time of surgery(day 0),1 day after surgery(day 1),2 days after surgery(day 2) and 3 days after surgery(day 3).Control group received sterile saline at the same time points and same dosage via tail vein injection.① Draw materials from the choke-area at day 1,day 3 and day 7,HE stain was used to compare the diameter size of the artery and vein at the same site.② Western blotting to check the expression of PCNA and HIF-1α,ELISA to detect the content of PCNA,HIF-1α,SDF-1α and VEGF at day 7.③At day 7,measure the survival area of the flap and observe the vessel of the flap by lead oxide-gelatine technique.Results ① There was a greater survival rate of (96.3 ± 5.1)％ in the treatment group than in the control group with (73.9 ± 5.8)％ at day 7 (P ＜ 0.05).② The diameter size of the arterioles and venules were dilated in both groups until postoperative days 7.But the treatment group was more expanded than the control group at day 3(2.20 ± 0.26 vs.1.50 ± 0.20,P ＜ 0.05) and day 7(3.67 ± 0.35 vs.2.03 ± 0.15,P ＜ 0.05).③ The skin expression of PCNA and HIF-1α in the treatment group were greater than the control group(P ＜ 0.05) at day 7.④ The content of skin PCNA in the treatment group and control group were(8.95 ± 0.71) ng/mg and (4.15 ± 0.72) ng/mg,HIF-1α were(5.04 ± 0.50)ng/mg and (2.98 ± 0.29) ng/mg,SDF-1α were (2.91 ± 0.61) ng/mg and (1.39 ± 0.62) ng/mg,and VEGF were(2.17 ± 0.41) ng/mg and (0.95 ± 0.44) ng/mg,respectively.The treatment group was greater than the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion DMOG can improve the microcirculation of the choke area,and then increase the survival of the perforator skin flaps in rats via tail vein injection.

Objective To measure the serum levels of vitamin D,total immunoglobulin E (tIgE),interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-6 in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD),to evaluate the association between vitamin D and severity of AD,and to investigate the role of vitamin D in inflammatory and immunoregulatory processes during the occurrence of AD.Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from 37 patients with AD (AD group) and 30 healthy controls (control group).The serum levels of vitamin D,tIgE,and IL-6 were measured by chemiluminescent sandwich enzyme immunoassay,and those of IL-4 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The severity of AD was assessed by the SCORing atopic dermatitis (SCORAD) score.The t test or Mann-Whitney U test was performed to assess the differences in vitamin D,tIgE,IL-4 and IL-6 levels between the AD group and control group,chi-square test to compare the proportion of patients with vitamin D deficiency,insufficiency and sufficiency,and Pearson's correlation analysis or Spearman's correlation analysis to evaluate the correlations between the SCORAD score and serum levels of vitamin D,tIgE,IL-4 and IL-6.Results Compared with the control group,the AD group showed significantly decreased serum levels of vitamin D (24.77 ± 9.29 vs.28.98 ± 6.87 μg/L,t =2.015,P =0.048),but significantly increased serum levels of tIgE (137.68 [37.59-414.53] vs.45.16 [14.56-112.12] IU/ml,Z =-3.399,P =0.001),IL-4 (8.86 ± 4.83 vs.4.78 ± 3.07 ng/L,t =4.147,P ＜ 0.001) and IL-6 (6.53 [3.99-15.30] vs.4.58[2.85-8.17] ng/L,Z =-2.173,P =0.030).Among patients with AD,the SCORAD score was negatively correlated with serum levels of vitamin D (r =-0.505,P =0.001),positively correlated with those of tIgE (r =0.531,P =0.001) and IL-4 (r =0.519,P =0.001),but uncorrelated with those of IL-6 (r =-0.139,P =0.411).There were significant differences in the proportion of patients with vitamin D deficiency,insufficiency and sufficiency between the AD group and control group (x2 =8.762,P =0.013).AD patients with vitamin D deficiency showed significantly increased serum levels of tIgE (2846.87 [319.02-7300.00] IU/ml) and IL-4 ([16.37-2.05] ng/L) compared with those with vitamin D insufficiency (110.07 [26.20-501.48] IU/ml,P =0.045;[8.28 ± 4.48] ng/L,P =0.011) and those with vitamin D sufficiency (123.93 [91.61-273.68] IU/ml,P =0.024;[8.00 ± 4.63] ng/L,P =0.041).In addition,serum levels of IL-6 were also higher in patients with vitamin D deficiency than in those with vitamin D sufficiency (15.10 [8.49-30.72] vs.6.22 [4.47-9.47] ng/L,P =0.011].Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency exists in patients with AD.Vitamin D deficiency is correlated with high serum levels of tIgE,IL-4 and IL-6,and the severity of AD is closely correlated with increased serum levels of tIgE and IL-6 as well as decreased serum levels of vitamin D.