Objective To investigate the occurrence of hemodialysis events in patients who received maintenance hemodialysis in outpatient setting in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province,and provide basis for the formulation of infection prevention and control strategies in this area.Methods Based on the standards from Center for Disease Control and Prevention-National Healthcare Safety Network(CDC-NHSN)as well as the WS/T 312-2023 standards,four public hospitals(two secondary and two tertiary hospitals)in three counties and one city of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture were selected,and prospective surveillance method was adopted.A total of 826 patients(n=8 675 cases)who received maintenance hemodialysis on the first two working day of each month from March 2024 to March 2025 were surveilled.Data were collected with standardized form by infection control teams in dialysis centers.Statistical analysis was conducted.Results During the surveillance period,the incidence of hemodialysis events was 5.15％(447/8 675).The incidence(16.67％,36/216)and mortality(10.00％,4/40)of hemodialysis events in patients with non-tunneled catheters were the highest among patients with all types of ac-cess.Patients with tunneled-catheters had the highest hospitalization rate(42.86％).Systemic use of antimicrobial agents accounted for 82.33％(368/447).Upper respiratory tract infection was the main infection(38.32％).In-fection at the puncture site of vascular access accounted for 16.78％(75/447).Four cases(0.89％,4/447)had positive blood culture.Conclusion Systemic antimicrobial use and infection at vascular access puncture site is the most frequent events in patients who receive maintenance hemodialysis in outpatient setting in Liangshan Yi Autono-mous Prefecture of Sichuan Province.Patients with non-tunneled catheters have the highest rate of hemodialysis events.

Objective To investigate the occurrence of hemodialysis events in patients who received maintenance hemodialysis in outpatient setting in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province,and provide basis for the formulation of infection prevention and control strategies in this area.Methods Based on the standards from Center for Disease Control and Prevention-National Healthcare Safety Network(CDC-NHSN)as well as the WS/T 312-2023 standards,four public hospitals(two secondary and two tertiary hospitals)in three counties and one city of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture were selected,and prospective surveillance method was adopted.A total of 826 patients(n=8 675 cases)who received maintenance hemodialysis on the first two working day of each month from March 2024 to March 2025 were surveilled.Data were collected with standardized form by infection control teams in dialysis centers.Statistical analysis was conducted.Results During the surveillance period,the incidence of hemodialysis events was 5.15％(447/8 675).The incidence(16.67％,36/216)and mortality(10.00％,4/40)of hemodialysis events in patients with non-tunneled catheters were the highest among patients with all types of ac-cess.Patients with tunneled-catheters had the highest hospitalization rate(42.86％).Systemic use of antimicrobial agents accounted for 82.33％(368/447).Upper respiratory tract infection was the main infection(38.32％).In-fection at the puncture site of vascular access accounted for 16.78％(75/447).Four cases(0.89％,4/447)had positive blood culture.Conclusion Systemic antimicrobial use and infection at vascular access puncture site is the most frequent events in patients who receive maintenance hemodialysis in outpatient setting in Liangshan Yi Autono-mous Prefecture of Sichuan Province.Patients with non-tunneled catheters have the highest rate of hemodialysis events.

AIM: To investigate the mechanism of elemene synergistic bortezomib against multiple myeloma based on ROS-NF-κB-p38MAPK signaling pathway. METHODS: CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell activity. Nude mice were randomly divided into control group, bortezomib (BTZ) group, elemene (ELE) group and combination group. Each group was treated with BTZ, ELE and BTZ combined with ELE, respectively. Tunel staining was performed to observe the apoptosis of tumor tissues. The expressions of Caspase-3, Bcl-2, NF-κB and p38 MAPK were detected by Western Blot. Cell cycle, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression were detected by flow cytometry using human myeloma U266 cells. RESULTS: When 4.0 μmol/L ELE combined with 50 nmol/L BTZ treated U266, the cell activity was significantly reduced compared with that of NC, BTZ and ELE groups (P< 0.05). The tumor volume of nude mice in BTZ group, ELE group and combined group was significantly reduced compared with the control group (P <0.05), and the combined group was the smallest. Tunel staining results showed that the apoptosis level in the control group was lower than that in the BTZ group, ELE group and the combined group (P<0.05), and the combined group had the lowest apoptosis level. Compared with the control group, the expressions of Caspase-3 and p38 MAPK in BTZ group, ELE group and combination group were significantly increased, while the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly decreased. The apoptosis level and expression of ROS in BTZ group, ELE group and the combined group was significantly increased compared with the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: ELE can enhance the role of BTZ in promoting apoptosis of myeloma cells, which may be achieved by regulating ROS/NF-κB/p38 MAPK signaling pathway to enhance the level of apoptosis of tumor cells to achieve anti-tumor effect.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of irbesartan（Irb）combined with 5-fluorouracil（5-FU）on the proliferation and extracellular signal-regulated kinase （ERK）/peroxidase proliferator-activated receptor γ（PPARγ）signaling pathway of Lewis lung cancer cells. METHODS Lewis lung cancer cells from mice were divided into normal control （NC）group，Irb low-dose （LD）group（1×10－3 mmol/L），Irb high-dose （HD）group（1×10－1 mmol/L），5-FU group （10 μmol/L），Irb LD+ 5-FU group （Irb 1×10－3 mmol/L+5-FU 10 μmol/L）and Irb HD+ 5-FU group （Irb 1×10－1 mmol/L+5-FU 10 μmol/L）. MTT method was used to measure the activity of cell proliferation in each group. Plate colony formation experiment was used to determine the number of cell colonies formed in each group ；Western blot method was used to detect the expression levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA），p53，ERK1/2，p-ERK1/2 and PPAR γ protein in each group. RESULTS Compared with the NC group ，the cell proliferation activity ，the number of colonies formed and the protein levels of PCNA ，p-ERK1/2，and PPARγ were significantly reduced in the other five groups ，and the protein level of p 53 was significantly increased （P＜0.05）；the protein expression of ERK1/2 had no significant difference （P＞0.05）. The changes of above indexes in Irb LD+ 5-FU group and Irb HD+ 5-FU group were more significant than Irb LD group ，Irb HD group and 5-FU group （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Irb combined with 5-FU can inhibit the proliferation of Lewis lung cancer cell ，and the effect is better than that of the two alone. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of ERK/PPARγ signal pathway.

Environmental chemicals exposure is closely related to occurrence and development of diseases. The abnormal expression of non-coding RNAs is a key factor in biological effects of environmental chemicals. Non-coding RNAs play an important role in the normal function of cells and the occurrence and development of diseases. In addition, non-coding RNAs, as a biomarker, could be widely used in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases. This paper outlines the relationship between environmental chemical exposure and non-coding RNAs and the function and mechanism of non-coding RNAs. It also presents existing issues and future research directions.

Environmental chemicals exposure is closely related to occurrence and development of diseases. The abnormal expression of non?coding RNAs is a key factor in biological effects of environmental chemicals. Non?coding RNAs play an important role in the normal function of cells and the occurrence and development of diseases. In addition, non?coding RNAs, as a biomarker, could be widely used in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases. This paper outlines the relationship between environmental chemical exposure and non?coding RNAs and the function and mechanism of non?coding RNAs. It also presents existing issues and future research directions.

Environmental chemicals exposure is closely related to occurrence and development of diseases. The abnormal expression of non?coding RNAs is a key factor in biological effects of environmental chemicals. Non?coding RNAs play an important role in the normal function of cells and the occurrence and development of diseases. In addition, non?coding RNAs, as a biomarker, could be widely used in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases. This paper outlines the relationship between environmental chemical exposure and non?coding RNAs and the function and mechanism of non?coding RNAs. It also presents existing issues and future research directions.

In order to meet the needs of social development for public health talents and optimize the curriculum system and teaching content of preventive medicine, the course of "Health Emergency" should be set up. It integrates the related content in many courses, and there are 20 hours for theory and 18 hours for experiment or practice. The course takes the emergency response as the cutting point focuses on the projects with high demand of the industry improves the platform and expands the content of emergency skill training through the extracurricular activities and special lectures. Combining theory with practice, this paper explores teaching reform measures that are conducive to improving students' core competence in public health.

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is one of major causes for intervertebral disc degenerative diseases, and patients with IDD usually suffer from serious low back pain. The current treatments for patients with IDD only relieve the clinical symptom rather than restore biological balance of IDD, leading to inadequate and unsatisfactory results. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, non-coding, single-stranded RNA molecules, which regulate the gene expression at the post-transcription levels. Research evidences support the involvement of miRNAs in many biological processes, such as lipid metabolism, apoptosis, differentiation and organ development. Accumulating evidences indicate that the expressions of miRNAs change significantly in degenerative tissues. In addition, dysregulated miRNAs contribute to multiple pathological process of IDD, including proliferation and apoptosis of nucleus pulposus and extracellular matrix components, inflammatory response and cartilage endplates degeneration. In this review article, we summarize the expression profiles and roles of miRNAs in IDD, which may provide a novel strategy of biological therapy for the disease.
Apoptosis ; Extracellular Matrix ; pathology ; Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ; genetics ; pathology ; MicroRNAs ; genetics

OBJECTIVE To explore the dyna mic change of lncRNA expression during lung carcino-genesis induced by urethane.METHODS A total of 40 BALB/c mice received weekly ip injection of urethane 1 g·kg -1 for four continuous weeks,mice were euthanized at 12th week or 24th week after the first urethane treat ment,respectively.The RNA of lung tissues were isolated and used for microarray analysis.Based on the results of the microarray we selected lncRNA-AK017233 for additional qPCR analysis in individual mouse.RESULTS The incidence of lung cancer were 85% and 100% at 12th week and 24th week after the first ad ministration of urethane,respectively.The multiplicity and dia meter of lung tu mors in 24 weeks treated group were statistically significant fro m those in 12 weeks treated group (P<0.01 ),and pathological analysis showed that tu mors were classifiable as moderately differ-entiated adenocarcino ma.Total of 26 Down-regulated lncRNAs in which lncRNA-AK017233 stand for the most down-regulated lncRNA were identified by microcarray analysis.qPCR detected that the lncRNA-AK017233 was significantly altered by 0.33 ti mes in lung tu mors of urethane treated group at 12th week, co mpared to parallel lung tissues in urethane treated group at 12th week.AK017233 expression of ure-thane treated group was significantly reduced by 0.22 ti mes at 24th week,co mpared to parallel lung tis-sues in urethane treated group at 24th week.CONCLUSION LncRNA-AK017233 was consistently down-regulated during urethane induced lung carcinogenesis.