Hepatic alveolar echinococcosis is a highly invasive zoonotic parasitic disease with poor prognosis. Surgical intervention serves as the pivotal approach to achieve radical cure and improve the prognosis of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis patients. In recent years, with the popularization of the concept of precision surgery and the development of the multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment model, the surgical treatment strategies for hepatic alveolar echinococcosis have been continuously enriched, and the selection of surgical procedures has become increasingly diversified. Although key surgical techniques such as radical hepatectomy, autologous liver transplantation and allogeneic liver transplantation have achieved remarkable progress in clinical application, many insurmountable challenges still remain. Therefore, by sorting out the latest evidence-based advances in the field of surgical treatment for hepatic alveolar echinococcosis, this article focuses on discussing the application status and bottlenecks of radical hepatectomy, autologous liver transplantation and allogeneic liver transplantation in hepatic alveolar echinococcosis, aiming to provide a reference for the clinical treatment of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis.

Objective To explore the effects of nail-tail transverse connection in the treatment of atlantoaxial dislocation(AAD)and its impacts on bone metabolism,serum vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),and fibroblast growth factor-2(FGF-2)levels.Methods A total of 150 pa-tients with AAD were selected as the research subjects and divided into two groups using the random number table method,with 75 cases in each group.The observation group was treated with nail-tail transverse connection combined with posterior atlantoaxial pedicle screw internal fixation(C1-C2 PSR),while the control group was treated with C1-C2 PSR alone.Serum bone metabolism indicators[osteocalcin(BGP),type Ⅰ collagen N-terminal peptide(NTX),bone alkaline phosphatase(BALP),tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP),type Ⅰ collagen carboxy-terminal peptide(CTX)],VEGF and FGF-2 levels were compared between the two groups at different time points.The Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA)score was used to evaluate the patients' neurological function before surgery and 3 years after surgery.Bone graft fusion was evaluated at 6 months,1 year,2 years,and 3 years after surgery.Results At 1,3 and 6 months after surgery,the serum VEGF and FGF-2 levels in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).After treatment,the BALP,BGP,NTX,TRAP and CTX levels in both groups were lower than those before treatment,and their levels in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).Before surgery,there was no statistically significant difference in the JOA scores be-tween the two groups(P＞0.05).At 3 years after surgery,the JOA scores in both groups were higher than those before surgery,and the JOA score and the score improvement rate in the observa-tion group were higher than those in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).At 6 months,1 year,2 years and 3 years after surgery,the success rate of bone graft fusion in the observation group was higher than that in the control group,with statistically significant differ-ences(P＜0.05).Conclusion Nail-tail transverse connection has significant effects in the treat-ment of AAD,which can effectively improve patients' bone metabolism and increase the serum VEGF and FGF-2 levels.

Objective:To investigate the clinical features, diagnostic and therapeutic methods, and prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who are positive for multiple genes.Methods:The clinical data of a 35-year-old male AML patient, who was admitted to The 940 th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force on October 10, 2021, were analyzed based on related literature. Results:The patient was admitted due to rhinorrhea for 1 month and sore throat with cervical lymph node enlargement for 3 days. Based on laboratory test results, the patient was diagnosed with acute myelomonocytic leukemia with eosinophilia and mutations in the core-binding factor β subunit gene ( CBFβ-MYH11), located on the long arm of chromosome 16, as well as mutations in the Wilms' tumor 1 gene ( WT1), the stem cell factor receptor gene ( KIT), and the neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog ( NRAS). The patient was treated multiple times with a regimen of idarubicin combined with cytarabine (Ara-C), achieving complete remission with negative minimal residual disease detection. The patient tolerated the treatment well. However, after the fourth cycle of chemotherapy with Ara-C, the patient developed grade Ⅳ bone marrow suppression. Following treatment to increase white blood cells and platelets, as well as blood component transfusions, the patient's condition improved. Subsequently, after receiving intensified Ara-C treatment, the patient's condition stabilized. Conclusions:AML with a positive CBFβ- MYH11 fusion gene has a favorable prognosis. However, the presence of a concomitant KIT mutation and a high proportion of primitive white blood cells in the peripheral blood at initial diagnosis may affect the prognosis of this type of AML. Additionally, WT1 is an independent prognostic factor for AML. RAS gene mutations do not impact overall survival, disease-free survival, complete remission, or relapse rates.

Objective:To explore the correlation between serum soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2) and cognitive impairment in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), and the role of deep medullary vein (DMV) score in this process.Methods:A total of 140 patients with CSVD admitted to the Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Medical University from December 2022 to August 2024 were selected as the research objects. The basic data statistics, head magnetic resonance imaging examination, cognitive function assessment, serum sTREM2 detection and DMV score were performed. All data were analyzed by SPSS 29.0 software and GraphPad Prism 10.0 software packages. Logistic regression model was used to explore the influencing factors of cognitive impairment. Structural equation model was used to analyze the mediating effect of DMV score on the association between serum sTREM2 and cognitive impairment. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of serum sTREM2 level and DMV score for cognitive impairment in CSVD patients.Results:Serum sTREM2 level ( B=0.017, OR=1.017, 95% CI=1.003-1.031), DMV score ( B=0.375, OR=1.455, 95% CI=1.175-1.802) and years of education ( B=-0.248, OR=0.780, 95% CI=0.635-0.958) were risk factors for cognitive impairment (all P<0.05). sTREM2 not only directly affected cognitive function, but also indirectly affected cognitive function through DMV score. The direct effect (effect size=-0.022) and mediating effect (effect size=-0.007) accounted for 75.9% and 24.1% of the total effect (effect size=-0.029), respectively. The areas under the ROC curve of serum sTREM2 level, DMV score, and their combination for predicting cognitive impairment in CSVD patients were 0.880, 0.891, and 0.910, respectively (all P<0.001). Conclusion:Serum sTREM2 not only directly affects the cognitive function of patients with cerebral small vessel disease, but also indirectly affects cognitive function through DMV score. The combination of serum sTREM2 levels and DMV score has high predictive value for the risk of CSVD-related cognitive impairment.

Objective Hypothyroidism is a common clinical disease of systemic metabolic reduction,the incidence and detection rate increased year by year.Based on the clinical characteristics of hypothyroidism,the study constructed and improved animal models to provide reference for the study of hypothyroidism prevention and treatment.Methods By reviewing relevant domestic and foreign literatures,the modeling methods of hypothyroidism were summarized and analyzed.According to the etiology,pathogenesis and clinical diagnostic criteria of hypothyroidism in Chinese medicine and Western medicine,the modeling methods and principles of hypothyroidism animal models were summarized,and the advantages and disadvantages of animal models and the evaluation of clinical conformity were analyzed.Results It was found that the model of drug induction,iodine restriction and 131 I-induced hypothyroidism had high clinical anastomosis in Western medicine,and had the advantages of simple operation,high model formation rate and good repeatability,the combination of the disease model and the syndrome model of kidney yang deficiency and spleen and kidney yang deficiency have a high degree of clinical conformity in TCM.Congenital induced hypothyroidism,autoimmune induced hypothyroidism and genetic induced hypothyroidism can be studied for their unique etiology and pathogenesis,but their clinical manifestations are relatively simple and their clinical anastomosis is relatively low.At present,the construction of hypothyroidism animal model is mainly based on the pathogenesis of Western medicine,and the evaluation of the model mostly relies on laboratory detection indicators.The clinical anastomosis score of traditional Chinese medicine is generally low,and the record of animal apparent indicators is generally insufficient.Conclusion In the process of building hypothyroidism animal model,based on the pathogenesis of traditional Chinese medicine,combining the etiology of traditional Chinese medicine and the pathogenesis of Western medicine,multi-factor comprehensive modeling method can be adopted to increase the record of apparent indicators,improve the accuracy of the four diagnoses and symptoms of traditional Chinese medicine,and systematically and dynamically observe the interaction process of disease and syndrome,so as to build an animal model of hypothyroidism which is more closely aligns with with the clinical characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.

Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignant tumor that poses a threat to women's health in China,with incidence and mortality rates persistently increasing.Given this critical situation,there is an urgent need to optimize therapeutic options through basic translational research to address current treatment challenges.This article provided a comprehensive overview of the significant advancements in fundamental translational breast cancer research in China over the past five years,aiming to provide a scientific basis and new directions for precision treatment of breast cancer.This research encompasses a range of subjects,including molecular typing,biomarker identification,exploration of drug resistance mechanisms,optimization of precision treatment strategies,and identification of new targets in breast cancer.In the domain of molecular typing,researchers have revealed substantial disparities in treatment responses among distinct subtypes of breast cancer through in-depth analysis.This has led to the proposal of specific therapeutic strategies for each subtype,thereby establishing a robust theoretical foundation for individualized treatment approaches.The identification of biomarkers plays a pivotal role in selecting appropriate treatment options for patients.Recent research advancements have demonstrated the potential of liquid biopsy and proteomics technologies in uncovering promising biomarkers,offering novel prospects for the early diagnosis and prognostic assessment of breast cancer.In the investigation of resistance mechanisms,researchers have elucidated the molecular underpinnings of resistance to endocrine therapy and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-targeted therapy and proposed potential strategies to overcome resistance.This has paved the way for novel approaches to enhance therapeutic efficacy.In the context of immunotherapy and targeted therapies,the discernment of novel targets and biomarkers has facilitated novel perspectives on breast cancer treatment.Based on advanced comprehension of tumor heterogeneity,researchers constantly optimize precision treatment strategies through multiomics analysis,thus offering patients with breast cancer enhanced personalized treatment options.Concurrently,the implementation of novel technologies has been instrumental in facilitating the advancement of precision treatment for breast cancer.For instance,the application of artificial intelligence technology has demonstrated considerable potential in the early screening,diagnosis,efficacy assessment and prognosis prediction of breast cancer.Conversely,the advent of innovative drug delivery systems facilitated by nanotechnology has led to enhanced targeting and efficacy of pharmaceutical agents.Furthermore,research into hydrogel patch technology and tumor vaccines has yielded novel strategies for the treatment of breast cancer.Overall,China has accomplished remarkable achievements in the field of basic translational research on breast cancer.These findings not only enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of breast cancer,but also provide new directions and hope for the development of future therapeutic strategies.With the advancement of multidisciplinary integration and the application of new emerging technologies,precision therapy is expected to provide more benefits to breast cancer patients.

Alzheimer's disease(AD)is common neurodegenerative diseases that is the main causes of cognitive dysfunction and behavioral abnormalities.Constructing animal models with similar characteristics to human patients is crucial for advancing investigations of AD,and to develop new therapeutic drugs.Combined with the latest research progress,this review classifies animal models of AD according to aging models,genetically modified models,and chemically induced models.This review systematically summarizes the commonly used animal models of AD,and elucidates the modeling mechanisms and pathological changes,and compares their advantages and limitation,with a view to provide method ological references for researchers in selecting appropriate animal model for AD investigation.

OBJECTIVES: The application of photodynamic therapy in solid tumors has attracted increasing attention in recent years, and the efficiency of photosensitizers is a crucial determinant of therapeutic efficacy. This study aims to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of a novel photosensitizer, PEG-MTPABZ-PyC, in photodynamic therapy against gastric cancer cells. METHODS: Gastric cancer MKN45 cells were treated with PEG-MTPABZ-PyC. A high-content live-cell imaging system was used to assess the cellular uptake kinetics and subcellular localization of the photosensitizer. The cytotoxic effects of PEG-MTPABZ-PyC-mediated photodynamic therapy were examined using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry, while the intrinsic cytotoxicity of the photosensitizer alone was verified by the CCK-8 assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation after photodynamic therapy was detected using 2'-7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). RESULTS: PEG-MTPABZ-PyC alone exhibited no cytotoxicity toward MKN45 cells, indicating excellent cytocompatibility. The compound efficiently entered cells within 6 hours and localized predominantly in lysosomes. Upon light irradiation, PEG-MTPABZ-PyC-mediated photodynamic therapy induced significant cytotoxicity compared with the control group (P<0.05) and generated abundant intracellular ROS. CONCLUSIONS The novel photosensitizer PEG-MTPABZ-PyC demonstrates potent photodynamic cytotoxicity against gastric cancer cells, showing promising potential for further development in gastric cancer photodynamic therapy.
Humans ; Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Photochemotherapy/methods* ; Photosensitizing Agents/pharmacology* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry* ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism* ; Mesoporphyrins/pharmacology*

AIM: To observe related influence of eye-use behaviors on the onset and progression of myopia among primary school student in Minhang district, Shanghai under the background of “double reduction”, and evaluate the impact of eye-use habit and behavior on the myopia development in children and adolescents.METHODS:A stratified cluster sampling method was adopted to select study subjects for longitudinal observation. Random sampling was conducted among grade 1-4 students from three primary schools in Minhang District, Shanghai from September to December 2021 after the implementation of the “double reduction” policy, with a 2-year observation period. Annual vision screenings were performed to obtain uncorrected visual acuity, non-cycloplegic refraction data, and spherical equivalent(SE). Biometric measurements were taken to acquire axial length(AL)and corneal curvature(CR). Questionnaires were administered to investigate the eye-use behaviors of participants. Taking myopia ≤-0.50 D as the diagnostic criterion, myopia incidence were calculated. SE and AL changes were used to evaluate myopia progression. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify risk factors for myopia, and analyze the relationship between eye-use behaviors and myopia development or progression.RESULTS:A total of 2 986 children complete a follow-up for 2 a. The baseline prevalence of poor vision was 32.74%, increasing to 38.92% and 43.73% at 1 and 2 a follow-up, respectively, demonstrating a yearly upward trend. Taking uncorrected visual acuity combined with non-cycloplegic refraction as clinical screening criteria for myopia, the incidence was 24.72%, 27.60%, and 29.64% at baseline, 1, and 2 a follow-ups, respectively. These showed no statistical significant difference compared to the diagnostic standard of cycloplegic refraction SE(23.98%, 27.03%, and 29.17%; all P>0.05). Logistic regression analysis found that daily outdoor and sleep duration were protective factors against myopia(OR=0.54, 0.84, all P<0.05), while age, parental myopia, duration of offline education, online education, electronic device usage, and poor visual posture were identified as risk factors(OR=2.72, 1.54, 1.72, 1.12, 1.47, 1.26, all P<0.001). Further analysis of myopia progression in baseline myopic children over 2 a revealed that age, parental myopia, baseline SE, duration of offline/online education, electronic device usage, and poor visual posture may contribute to rapid myopia progression.CONCLUSION:Under the background of “double reduction”, the eye-use behavior among primary school students in Minhang District, Shanghai has an important impact on the occurrence and development of myopia. In order to effectively prevent and control myopia, it is necessary to further strengthen the education and guidance of eye-use behavior.

As a non-invasive imaging modality,cardiac magnetic resonance(CMR)enables a"one-stop"in vivo assessment of cardiac morphology,structure,functional status and histological features,plays an irreplaceable role in the diagnosis,prognosis and risk stratification of cardiovascular diseases.In 2024,CMR has made continuous progress towards precision medicine.Upgraded technologies such as tissue characterization imaging and myocardial strain analysis,are gradually transformed into standard clinical practice.Artificial intelligence and other new algorithms have improved the quality and efficiency of CMR.The application of CMR in non-ischemic heart disease,ischemic heart disease and other areas is highly valued in the new version of various guidelines,highlighting the importance of CMR in the clinical management of cardiovascular diseases.This article aims to systematically review representative achievements of CMR in 2024 from the perspectives of both technological innovation and clinical translation,providing the latest update in this field.