Acute urinary retention(AUR)occurs frequently among astronauts on orbit.The current treatment is complex and easy to damage the urethra,which seriously affects the life and work of astronauts.In contrast,acupuncture,a traditional Chinese remedy,has shown promising results in managing urinary retention.However,the specific acupoints that could potentially prevent AUR remain uncertain due to the unique physiological conditions experienced by individuals in space compared to those on Earth.To address this gap,our research delved into the mechanisms of AUR and acupuncture within both traditional Chinese medicine and modern medical practices.We conducted a thorough literature review from Pubmed,Web of Science,CNKI,Wanfang database,VIP database and Chinese Medical Code database.A hierarchical evidence-scoring approach was utilized to analyze the included literatures,thus devised acupuncture protocols for the treatment of AUR.The outcomes of our study aim to establish a foundation for the application of acupuncture in managing AUR.

Under the influence of long-term space flights and the confined space environment,it is very easy to induce space depression syndrome,mainly manifested as decreased emotional stability,sleep disorders,mental fatigue,etc.,which seriously affect the living conditions and working abilities of astronauts.The current treatment methods mainly focus on psychological support and drug intervention.Acupuncture has a good effect in treating depression.Therefore,starting from the TCM pathogenesis and modern medical pathogenesis of aerospace depression syndrome,we conducted literature retrieval from databases such as the Chinese Medical Classic,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang,VIP,PubMed,and Web of science.For the included literature,we adopted the stratified evidence scoring method and combined the TCM mechanism and modern medical mechanism of the effect of acupuncture.A prescription for acupuncture points was constructed to provide a basis for selecting acupuncture points for the prevention of aerospace depression syndrome through acupuncture.

Objective To compare the effectiveness of Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMS) and High Aspheric Lenslet (HAL) defocus lenses in controlling myopia. Methods A total of 214 children and adolescents who were fitted with defocus lenses (DIMS or HAL) in our hospital from January to June 2023 were selected, including 100 cases in DIMS group and 114 cases in the HAL group. Changes in parameters such as spherical lens power, cylindrical lens power, spherical equivalent (SE), corneal curvature (K), axial length (AL), binocular accommodative response (BCC), positive/negative relative accommodation (PRA/NRA), distance/near latent phoria (DLP/NLP), and accommodative convergence to accommodation ratio (AC/A) were compared between the two groups before wearing and after wearing the lenses for 6 months, and the effectiveness of myopia control between DIMS and HAL was further compared. Results After wearing the lenses (DIMS or HAL) for 6 months, the average increase in axial length was (0.09±0.14) mm, the average increase in spherical lens power was (-0.11±0.23) D, the average increase in astigmatism was (-0.07±0.16) DC, and the average increase in spherical equivalent was (-0.15±0.24) D, with statistically significant differences observed for all these changes (t=9.24, -7.27, -6.60, -9.03, respectively, P < 0.001). Compared with parameters before wearing the lenses, statistically significant differences were noted after wearing for 6 months in spherical lens power, cylindrical lens power, SE, BCC, PRA, DLP, average K, and AL (P≤0.001), except for NRA (t=-0.12, P>0.05), NLP (t=-0.28, P>0.05), and AC/A (t=0.33, P>0.05). The differences in parameters between the two groups after wearing the lenses for 6 months showed a statistically significant difference only in the AL difference (t=4.38, P≤0.001), with no statistically significant differences observed for other parameter differences (P>0.05). Conclusion Wearing defocus lenses has a positive effect on controlling myopia, delaying axial length elongation, and maintaining binocular visual function balance.

Astronauts are affected by the space environment,and there are health problems in many systems of the body,which seriously affect the on-orbit work efficiency and the health recovery after landing.Although measures have been taken,there are still deficiencies.Acupuncture can regulate the body in a multi-target,multi-level and multi-system way to protect the health of astronauts,which is an effective measure to protect the health problems of astronauts.But there is no acupoint group database for aerospace medical problems,which limits the application of acupuncture in space.The aim of this paper is to solve the possible aerospace medical problems of astronauts by acupuncture.Firstly,the acupuncture indications in aerospace medicine are determined through literature research,expert consultation and expert consensus,and then the evidence collection,evidence evaluation and evidence aggregation are carried out through the"stratified evidence evaluation method"for ancient literature,modern literature and expert experience.Finally,acupoint prescriptions were recommended based on the comprehensive score of acupoints,and acupuncture prescriptions for all acupuncture indications in aerospace medicine were integrated to form an acupoint group database,so as to contribute more Chinese wisdom and solutions to solve aerospace medicine problems.

Objective To analyze the influence of drainage volume on prognosis of acute hydrocephalus(AHC)after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage(aSAH)by continuous lumbar drainage.Methods A retrospective trial was conducted on 82 AHC patients after aSAH admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between January 2017 and January 2022.In 6 months after discharge,modified Rankin Scale(mRS)score was used to evaluate the prognostic outcomes.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed on demographic factors,severity of subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH)at admission,medical history,cerebral vasospasm,and lumbar drainage data.Then a nomogram prediction model was constructed.Results Univariate analysis found that World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies(WFNS)score,Hunt-Hess grade,modified Fisher grade,time for continuous lumbar drainage,shunt dependence,cerebral vasospasm,and drainage volume were factors affecting the prognosis of the patients.Then logistic regression analysis revealed that high WFNS score(OR:3.25,95％CI:1.11～9.48),high modified Fisher grade(OR:3.66,95％CI:1.08～12.35),shunt dependence(OR:15.56,95％CI:1.22～198.57),and cerebral vasospasm(OR:22.24,95％CI:3.08～160.68)were independent predictors for mRS score,while volume of continuous lumbar drainage(OR:0.57,95％CI:0.40～0.82)was an independent protective factor.ROC curve analysis indicated a good predictive performance of the model(AUC=0.898,95％CI:0.935～0.861).Internal validation through Bootstrap method demonstrated excellent discriminatory ability of the model(C-index=0.950,95％CI:0.904～0.996;adjusted C-index:0.934).Conclusion Increased volume of lumbar drainage is an independent protective factor for poor prognosis following aSAH and can improve the prognosis of SAH patients.

OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanisms of the flavonoids from new "Zhe Eight Flavors" Quzhou Fructus Aurantii(PTFC) against hepatocellular carcinoma based on the prediction of network pharmacology and experimental verification. METHODS From TCMSP, TCMID, ETCM, BATMAN-TCM and SwissTargetPrediction databases, the potential target proteins of PTFC, including naringin, narirutin and neohesperidin were collected. Based on the GeneCards, CTD, Disgenet, and OMIM databases, a set of target proteins for hepatocellular carcinoma was constructed. Taking the intersection of potential target proteins of PTFC and target proteins of hepatocellular carcinoma, key target proteins were obtained and a protein-protein interaction network was established. Besides, GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis on the core target proteins was performed and a Compounds-Targets-Pathways-Disease network was constructed. Through proliferation, cloning, wound healing, and migration experiments, the effects of PTFC on the viability of HepG2 liver cancer cells were analyzed. Using fluorescence probe staining the impacts of PTFC on the mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis of HepG2 were observed. Finally, the validation of the regulatory effect of PTFC on the key predicted target PRKCA were carried out through RT-qPCR. RESULTS Based on network pharmacology, a total of 217 potential target proteins for PTFC were screened, with 59 intersecting target proteins related to diseases, including ALB, ESR1, PRKCA, and others. GO functional and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the PTFC target proteins were involved in 193 biological processes and 13 cancer-related signaling pathways. Experimental results demonstrated that PTFC could impact the proliferation, cloning, wound healing, and migration abilities of liver cancer cells, leading to a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and promoting cell apoptosis. The results of RT-qPCR confirmed a significant downregulation of PRKCA expression by PTFC, validating the predictions made by network pharmacology analysis. CONCLUSION This study has revealed the potential molecular mechanism of PTFC treating hepatocellular carcinoma via the PRKCA target, laying the foundation for clinical application of PTFC.

Objective To observe the dynamic changes of cardiac lymphangiogenesis in Doxorubicin(DOX)-induced dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM)model mice,and to study the the protective mechanism of Kuoxin Decoction.Methods The DCM mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection of DOX,and the dynamic observation was performed every week.On this basis,60 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 6 groups(n=10):control group,Model group,L-KXD,M-KXD and H-KXD groups and Captopril group.After successful modeling,the KXD and the positive control drug Captopril were administered continuously for 28 days.Echocardiography was used to detect cardiac function in mice,HE staining and Masson staining were used to observe pathological and morphological changes of the heart,Whole-mount immunofluorescent staining was used to detect the expression of LYVE-1 and Podoplanin in epicardial lymphatic vessels,Western blot was used to detect the expression of VEGFR-3 protein,and qPCR was used to detect the expression of VEGFR-3 mRNA.Results DCM mice induced by DOX showed significant cardiac function decline from the third week(DOX:15 mg·kg-1,P<0.05),and significant ventricular remodeling at the fifth week(DOX:15 mg·kg-1,P<0.01);The lymphatic vessel area of the mouse heart decreased significantly from the fourth week(DOX:20 mg·kg-1,P<0.0001),and the expression of VEGFR-3 decreased significantly from the third week(DOX:15 mg·kg-1,P<0.01).Conclusion KXD can improve ventricular remodeling and cardiac function in DOX-induced DCM mice,promote cardiac lymphangiogenesis,and upregulate the expression of VEGFR-3 at protein and mRNA levels,with a better effect than captopril.DOX-induced cardiac lymphangiogenesis in DCM mice leads to severe myocardial fibrosis and weakened cardiac function,which gradually worsens with the accumulation of modeling time and dose.KXD can promote cardiac lymphangiogenesis and improve cardiac function in DOX-induced DCM mice.The mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of VEGFR-3 expression.

Objective:To observe the therapeutic effect of quercetin (QUE) on triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM-1) activated macrophage inflammation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice, and explore its possible mechanism.Methods:In vitro cell experiment: The primary peritoneal macrophages of mice were collected by intraperitoneal injection of 3% calcium mercaptan acetate. The collected cells were divided into blank control group, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) vehicle group, TREM-1 agonist group (10 μg/ml), QUE group (10 μmol/L) and TREM-1 agonist + QUE group (cells were pretreated with 10 μmol/L QUE for 30 min before adding agonist). Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-6 in the culture supernatant of primary macrophages; To observe the effect of QUE on LPS-induced TREM-1 protein levels, macrophages were divided into: normal control group, LPS group (100 ng/ml) and LPS+ QUE treatment group [macrophages were pretreated with 10 μmol/L QUE for 2 hours, and then incubated with LPS (100 ng/ml) for 16 hours]. Western blot was used to detect the expression of TREM-1 protein. In animal experiments: 80 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (20 in each group): normal control group, ALI model group, QUE group and QUE treatment group (LPS+ QUE). In the ALI model group, the ALI model was established by intratracheal injection of 5 mg/kg LPS; The mouse ALI model was established by intratracheal injection of LPS 5 mg/kg in the QUE treatment group, and then intraperitoneal injection of 15 mg/kg QUE. The control group was given the same amount of normal saline intratracheal followed by intraperitoneal injection of DMSO, and the QUE group was given the same amount of normal saline intratracheal followed by intraperitoneal injection of 15 mg/kg QUE. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes of lung tissue in each group; Inflammatory cells including IL-1β, TNF- α and IL-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BLAF) of mice in each group were counted ; The expression of TREM-1 mRNA and protein in lung tissue of mice in each group was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. Results:In vitro cell experiment: the secretion of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 in the supernatant of primary macrophages in TREM-1 agonist group was higher than those in DMSO vehicle group, while the secretion of IL-1β, TNF-αand IL-6 in the supernatant of primary macrophages in TREM-1 agonist + QUE group were lower than that of TREM-1 agonist group (all P<0.001). The expression of TREM-1 protein in LPS group was higher than that in control group ( P<0.05), while the expression of TREM-1 protein in LPS + QUE group was lower than that in LPS group ( P<0.05). Animal experiments showed that compared with the control group, the ALI model group had higher lung pathological injury score, more total cells, macrophages and neutrophils in BALF and increased TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β content (all P<0.001). The above indexes in QUE group were lower than those in ALI model group (all P<0.001). The results of qRT-PCR and Western blot showed that compared with the control group, the expression of TREM-1 mRNA and protein in the lung tissue of ALI model group was increased, while the expression of TREM-1 mRNA and protein in the lung tissue of QUE group was lower than that of ALI model group (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Quercetin can inhibit TREM-1 activation, reduce macrophage inflammatory response and LPS induced acute lung injury in mice.

Objective:To carry out the Meta-integration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) nurses' real experience of palliative care.Methods:The qualitative study that met the criteria in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, China Biology Medicine Literature Service System, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) , VIP and Wanfang Data were searched by computer from the establishment of the database to June 30, 2020. The quality of the included literature was evaluated using the critical appraisal checklist for qualitative researches of the Australia Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Evidence-based Health Center (2017 edition) . The collective integration method was used to integrate the results.Results:A total of 17 articles were included, involving 16 in English and 1 in Chinese. Finally, it was summarized into 11 categories, and 4 integrated results were collected, which were the complex palliative care (multiple roles of ICU nurses in palliative care, patient care, and family care) ; insufficient preparation for palliative care (lack of professional skills, communication skills and psychological preparation) ; insufficient support from palliative care organizations (inadequate psychological support, multidisciplinary team cooperation, and lack of professional palliative care service systems) ; insufficient legal support for palliative care (lack of decision-making power for palliative care, ethics and legal issues in palliative care) .Conclusions:ICU nurses lack the ability to palliative care and lack a reliable support system. Managers should pay attention to the negative experience and needs of ICU nurses for palliative care, and gradually carry out education and training to improve the level of care and the quality of life of dying patients.

To know the status of nursing training about physical restraint among nurses in the domestic and overseas. Summarized the forms, content and the appraise tools of the results of physical restraint nursing at home and abroad so as to provide reference of nursing training about the physical restraint among nurses in the domestic.