The paper introduces 5 books written by WANG Mengying, including Suixiju Chongding Huoluan Lun, Guiyan Lu, Wenre Jingwei, Wang Mengying Yi'an and Suixiju Yinshipu; and analyzes the ideas of diagnosis and treatment of cholera and the academic thoughts in treatment with acupuncture-moxibustion therapy. In pathogenesis, cholera is classified into cold and heat types. Cholera of heat type roots on qi and blood. If the pathogenic factors are mild and located shallowly, the sneezing method, followed by scraping method, is adopted to open meridians and collaterals, as well as the qi level, so as to eliminate pathogens. When the pathogens go deeply, the bloodletting technique is used to clean the toxic heat in blood level and reduce the reversed qi. For cholera of cold type, warm ironing moxibustion is delivered to promote qi circulation and disperse cold, and improve qi movement. If spasm and syncope occur in cholera, no matter of cold or heat identification, the emergent measure is operated with the external application of pungent, warm and salty herbal plaster at Yongquan (KI1). When the pathogens are almost eliminated, the herbal medicines are combined to treat the symptoms and remove the causative factors of the disease.
Acupuncture Therapy/history* ; Moxibustion/history* ; Humans ; Cholera/history* ; China ; History, Ancient ; Medicine in Literature ; Books/history*

Sha （痧） is an acute infectious disease characterised by the appearance of rashes on the skin， caused by exposure to epidemic toxin and pestilent qi. Sha Zhang Yu Heng （《痧胀玉衡》） discussed the treatment principles and methods， and listed collateral bloodletting as one of the main treatments. Through organizing the articles and proved cases， we found that the author believes Sha （痧） is caused by epidemic pathogen， belonging to heat toxin with rapid changes， so timely treatment for qi and blood simultaneously could achieve the effect of transforming qi into defensive qi. Sha Zhang Yu Heng focuses on patient's position during treatmet， the material of the needle， the site of treatment， the quantum of stimulation and the operation of the contraindications and other essentials. According to the depth of the disease location， use traditional Chinese herbal medicine， scraping together to identify the root of the disease. In addition， diet suggestions for the prevention of the recrudescence of disease are also described in detail.

Objective:To observe the effects of acupuncture and moxibustion on ubiquitin-like containing PHD and RING finger domains 1(UHRF1)and DNA methyltransferase 1(DNMT1)in ectopic endometrium of rats with endometriosis(EMS). Methods:Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group with 10 rats and a model-building group with 30 rats according to body mass.EMS rat models were established in the model-building group and then were divided into a model group,an acupuncture and moxibustion group,and a progesterone group,with 10 rats in each group.All rats were fixed by a fixator.The sham operation group and the model group were given normal saline by gavage.The acupuncture and moxibustion group received acupuncture at Xuehai(SP10)and Sanyinjiao(SP6),moxibustion at Guanyuan(CV4),and gavage of normal saline.The progesterone group was given the mixed liquid made of dydrogesterone and normal saline by gavage.After 28 d of treatments,the three diameters(length,width,and height)of EMS rats'ectopic cysts were measured,the cyst volumes were calculated,the volumes before intervention were subtracted,and the difference values were used to evaluate the growth of ectopic cysts.UHRF1 and DNMT1 mRNA and protein levels in normal endometrium,eutopic endometrium,and ectopic endometrium were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Results:There was no significant difference in the ectopic cyst volume difference between the acupuncture and moxibustion group and the progesterone group(P>0.05),but they were smaller than that of the model group(P<0.05).The levels of UHRF1 and DNMT1 mRNA and protein in the ectopic endometrium of the model group were lower than those in the normal endometrium(P<0.05).The levels of DNMT1 mRNA and UHRF1 protein in the eutopic endometrium of the model group were lower than those in the normal endometrium(P<0.05).The levels of UHRF1 mRNA and protein and the level of DNMT1 protein in the ectopic endometrium of the acupuncture and moxibustion group were higher than those in the model group(P<0.05),and the level of UHRF1 mRNA was higher than that in the progesterone group(P<0.05).The level of DNMT1 mRNA in the eutopic endometrium of the acupuncture and moxibustion group was higher than that in the model group(P<0.05).The levels of UHRF1 and DNMT1 mRNA and protein in the acupuncture and moxibustion group were insignificantly different from those in the normal endometrium(P>0.05). Conclusion:Acupuncture and moxibustion may up-regulate the levels of UHRF1 mRNA and UHRF1 and DNMT1 proteins in the ectopic endometrium to the normal level so as to reduce the volume of ectopic cysts and cure EMS in rats.

Objective To determine the blood physiological and biochemical indexes in the inbred SHANXI MU strain of spontaneous type 2 diabetes(T2DM)Chinese hamsters.Methods Chinese hamsters with spontaneously developed T2DM and normal hamsters(n=10 hamsters per group),aged 12 months,were selected for the study.Fasting blood samples were collected and 15 physiological parameters and 16 biochemical indicators were analyzed using a Sysmex XT automated hematology analyzer and Hitachi fully automatic biochemical analyzer.Results The white cell count,red cell count,platelet count,hemoglobin level,alanine transaminase,aspartate transaminase,glutamate,total cholesterol,triglycerides,and uric acid all differed significantly between the diabetic and control groups(P＜0.05).Conclusions The change of blood physiological and biochemical indexes in the Chinese hamster spontaneous T2DM model were in line with the trend in human T2DM incidence,thus providing basic data for the application of this model.

Elevated blood pressure is one of the major contributors to cardiovascular disease and premature death. The exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) is closely associated with changes in blood pressure, and even short-term exposure to PM_2.5 can lead to an increase in blood pressure. PM_2.5 is a complex mixture that exerts different toxicities and triggers increased blood pressure through various mechanisms. Therefore, in this article, we provided a comprehensive review of published studies on the effects of short-term exposure to PM_2.5 and its components on blood pressure, and elaborated potential mechanisms from four aspects, including oxidative stress and inflammatory response, endothelial dysfunction, autonomic nervous system disorders and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis activation, and epigenome alteration. Given the limitations of existing research, future prospective studies can be conducted on diverse populations, using more precise exposure measurement methods and multi-omics approaches, to further elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effects of PM_2.5 and its various components on blood pressure. The findings would provide a theoretical foundation for effective protection of public health, particularly vulnerable groups.

In recent years, continuous manufacturing technology has attracted considerable attention in the pharmaceutical industry. This technology is highly sought after for its significant advantages in cost reduction, increased efficiency, and improved productivity, making it a growing trend in the future of the pharmaceutical industry. Compared to traditional batch production methods, continuous manufacturing technology features real-time control and environmentally friendly intelligence, enabling pharmaceutical companies to produce drugs more efficiently. However, the adoption of continuous manufacturing technology has been slow in the field of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) pharmaceuticals. On the one hand, there is insufficient research on continuous manufacturing equipment and technology that align with the characteristics of TCM preparations. On the other hand, the scarcity of talent with diverse expertise hampers its development. Therefore, in order to promote the modernization and upgrading of the TCM pharmaceutical industry, this article combined the current development status of the TCM industry to outline the development status and regulatory requirements of continuous manufacturing technology. At the same time, it analyzed the problems with existing TCM manufacturing models and explored the prospects and challenges of applying continuous manufacturing technology in the field of TCM pharmaceuticals. The analysis focused on continuous manufacturing control strategies, technical tools, and pharmaceutical equipment, aiming to provide targeted recommendations to drive the development of the TCM pharmaceutical industry.
Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Quality Control ; Drug Industry ; Technology, Pharmaceutical/methods* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Pharmaceutical Preparations

With the rapid development of computer technology, numerical simulation has gradually become an important method to study drying process and improve drying equipment. Using computer to simulate the drying process of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is characterized by intuitiveness, scientificity, and low cost, which serves as an auxiliary means for technical innovation in TCM drying. This paper summarizes the theories of different drying methods and the research status of numerical simulation in drying, introduces the modeling methods and software of numerical simulation, and expounds the significance of numerical simulation modeling in shortening the research and development cycle, improving drying equipment, and optimizing drying parameters. However, the current numerical simulation method for drying process has problems, such as low accuracy, lack of quantitative indicators for the control of simulation results on the process, and insufficient in-depth research on the mechanism of drug quality changes. Furthermore, this paper put forward the application prospect of numerical simulation in TCM drying, providing reference for the further study of numerical simulation in this field.
Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Desiccation

Objective:To observe the changes of relevant clinical indicators and ultrasound pre-sentations in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients after being treated with tocilizumab for 3 months and explore the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in the treatment of RA.Methods:Clinical data, laboratory and ultrasound examinations and medications of RA patients who met inclusion criteria in our hospital from Jan-uary 2017 to September 2020 were included and their data were analyzed retrospectively, and the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab and the ultrasound assessment of disease remission were analyzed. Paired sample t test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, χ2 test or Fisher's exact probability test were used for comparative analysis. Results:① Compared with baseline data, morning stiffness duration of patients treated with tocilizumab for 3 months [60(30, 120) min vs 0(0, 10) min, Z=-6.19, P<0.001], disease activity score of 28 joints-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) [(4.6±1.5) vs (3.2±1.2), t=6.83, P<0.001], disease activity score of 28 joints-C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP) [(4.2±1.4) vs (2.8±1.1), t=7.14, P<0.001], swollen joint count (SJC) [2(1, 7) vs 0(0, 2), Z=-4.31, P<0.001], tender joints count (TJC) [6(2, 13.5) vs 2(0,4), Z=-5.16, P<0.001], gray scale score (GS) [4.5(2, 6) vs 1(0, 3), Z=-5.86, P<0.001], intra-synovial blood flow energy Doppler (PD) [2(1, 3) vs 0(0, 0), Z=-5.38, P<0.001], white blood cell (WBC) [6.6(4.9, 8.4)×10 9/L vs 5.7(4.9, 7.3)×10 9/L, Z=-2.83, P=0.005], hemoglobin (Hb) [119(104, 131) g/L vs 123(113, 136) g/L, Z=-2.82, P=0.007], ESR [32(14.5, 50) mm/1 h vs 19 (10, 30) mm/1 h, Z=-3.31, P=0.001], CRP [11.40(3.02, 25.80) mg/L vs 3.49(1.30, 11.82) mg/L, Z=-2.78, P=0.004], D-dimer (D-D) [0.93(0.47, 2.07) mg/L vs 0.43(0.21, 0.80) mg/L, Z=-3.77, P<0.001] were significantly improved, and the difference was statistically significant. ② The serum levels of interleukin (IL)-2 [2.08(1.43, 2.76) pg/ml vs 1.21(0.54, 2.08) pg/ml, Z=-2.67, P=0.008], IL-6 [22.40(5.13, 67.27) pg/ml vs 14.63(5.27, 27.71) pg/ml, Z=-2.81, P=0.005], IL-10 [(2.53±0.68) pg/ml vs (1.74±0.74) pg/ml, t=2.60, P=0.017] were significantly changed, while serum levels of IL-4 [1.63(1.08, 3.38) pg/ml vs 1.33(0.97, 2.59) pg/ml, Z=-0.89, P=0.374], tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α [4.04(1.41, 10.45) pg/ml vs 1.62(0.84, 3.79) pg/ml, Z=-1.92, P=0.056], IL-17 [4.68(1.67, 6.72) pg/ml vs 3.15(1.81, 5.29) pg/ml, Z=-0.53, P=0.594] were not significantly changed from baseline data. ③ There was poor consistency between ultrasonic response and DAS28-ESR response, simplified disease activity Index (SDAI) response and clinical disease activity index (CDAI) response ( Kappa coefficient: 0.142, 0.142, 0.191), but no consistency between ultrasonic response and DAS28-CRP response (Kappa coefficient: -0.015) were found. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that ultrasound was not statistically significantly different in assessing the remission of RA, indicating subclinical synovitis remained in ultrasound examination even though clinically remission could be reached based on the above scoring indexes in RA patients. ④ In terms of adverse reactions, neutrophils (NEU) of patients after 3 months' tocilizumab treatment [4.47(2.77, 5.39)×10 9/L vs 3.76(2.98, 4.74)×10 9/L, Z=-2.77, P=0.006], platelet count (PLT) [(291±84)×10 9/L vs (254±70)×10 9/L, t=4.76, P<0.001] were significantly decreased, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) [(1.22±0.27) mmol/L vs (1.39±0.34) mmol/L, t=3.12, P=0.003], low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) [(1.96±0.66) mmol/L vs (2.19±0.84) mmol/L, t=3.15, P=0.003], triglyceride (TG) [0.85(0.68, 1.08) mmol/L vs 0.93(0.71, 1.25) mmol/L, Z=-2.36, P=0.018] and total cholesterol (TC) [(4.18±1.04) mmol/L vs (4.52±1.16) mmol/L, t=3.33, P=0.002] were significantly different from baseline. Among 65 patients, 5 patients (7.7%) had transaminase abnormality, but returned to normal after symptomatic treatment. Conclusion:Tocilizumab treatment can effectively suppress the inflammatory reactions, improve the clinical symptoms and prognosis of patients, however, patients who judged as clinical remission according to the current clinical commonly scores may still have subclinical active disease, ultrasound results should be included as one criteria for disease remission assessment and take into consideration when adjusting treatrnent.

Objective:To understand the needs, problems and challenges of medical personnel in the hospital for scientific research, propose tailored management measurements and suggestions for the hospital.Methods:The questionnaire was prepared by " Questionnaire Star" , the convenience sampling method was used, and information was collected by WeChat online chat group. Factor analysis and multi-dimensional preference analysis were adopted to analyze information collected.Results:Four main factors that affect the scientific research of medical personnel were identified. The most significant impact is the lack of information platform, followed by the lack of environmental atmosphere, lack of personal capacity and lack of personal interest. The research needs of medical personnel are divided into two categories: one is the more basic skill needs, which are mainly targeted at female, nurses, undergraduates, 5~10 years′ working experiences, medium-grade professional title, and people with no knowledge and experience in research. The other one is the needs of skill improvement, which are mainly targeted at younger, physicians, early career, lower professional titles, and had certain research knowledge.Conclusions:So far, there is a lot of space for improvement. It is recommended to promote the capacity building by training, strengthen the research team building and construct of research communication platform, at the same time, update the scientific research management system.

【Objective】 To understand the current situation of blood components distribution in domestic prefecture-level blood stations through analyzing the components distribution data of 24 prefecture-level blood stations in China. 【Methods】 The data of components distribution of 24 blood stations from 2017 to 2020 as well as the data of blood deployment of 24 blood stations from 2019 to 2020 were collected and analyzed. 【Results】 From 2017 to 2020, positive annual growth in red blood cells, plasma and cryoprecipitate was observed in 22, 19 and 15 out of the 24 blood stations, and the annual growth median rate of above three components was 5.24%, 3.80% and 3.25%, respectively. Among the 24 prefecture-level blood stations, 23 carried out the preparation of cryoprecipitate. 【Conclusion】 The distribution of red blood cells, cryoprecipitate and plasma in prefecture-level blood stations is increasing year by year. However, there is a overstock of plasma, and most blood stations need blood employment.