The medicinal use of Malvae Semen has a long history. In this paper， by consulting the ancient materia medica， prescription， agronomy， literature and other aspects of the classics， the name， origin， evolution of scientific name， quality， harvesting and processing， functions and indications and others of Malvae Semen were systematically sorted out and verified， so as to provide a basis for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing this herb. According to the textual research， Shennong Bencaojing began to use Dongkuizi as the correct name， which was used in the past dynasties， and there were also aliases such as Kuicaizi， Huacai， and Kuizi. Through the original research， it can be seen that Kuicai is the mainstream original plant of Malvae Semen， that is， Malva verticillata var. crispa， the Alcea rosea and M. cathayensis are also used. In modern times， the seeds of Abutilon theophrasti have been passed off as Malvae Semen， while the seeds of M. verticillata var. crispa have rarely been used in medicine. And Abutili Semen has been another medicinal material with different efficacy since the collection of Newly Revised Materia Medica in the Tang dynasty. Since the Ming and Qing dynasties， the cultivation of Kuicai has been decreasing， while A. theophrasti is more common and easy to obtain， and Abutili Semen and Malvae Semen are similar in morphology and confused， which should be corrected. In addition， Malvae Fructus is a Mongolian customary medicinal herb， which is different from the traditional use of seeds in traditional Chinese medicine. Kuicai， as an important vegetable in history， was widely cultivated and gradually shrunk after the Song dynasty， it is now mainly produced in southern provinces. The quality evaluation of Malvae Semen is better for those with dry bodies， full grain， grayish brown color， no mud， and no impurities. The harvesting is generally in the autumn and winter. After drying， it is seeded， sieved peel and impurities， mashed， or slightly stir-fried to yellow-white color with gentle fire. It is sweet， cold and slippery in nature and taste， with the main effects of laxation， diuresis， lactation and elimination of swelling. The efficacy of Abutili Semen is clearing heat and removing toxicity， promoting diuresis and removing nebula， the efficacy is quite different from that of Malvae Semen. Based on the results of textual research， it is suggested that M. verticillata var. crispa should be used as the medicinal source of Malvae Semen in the development of famous classical formulas， the corresponding processing methods should be selected according to the requirements of drug processing in the formulas， while the raw products are recommended to be used if the processing is not specified.

The medicinal use of Malvae Semen has a long history. In this paper， by consulting the ancient materia medica， prescription， agronomy， literature and other aspects of the classics， the name， origin， evolution of scientific name， quality， harvesting and processing， functions and indications and others of Malvae Semen were systematically sorted out and verified， so as to provide a basis for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing this herb. According to the textual research， Shennong Bencaojing began to use Dongkuizi as the correct name， which was used in the past dynasties， and there were also aliases such as Kuicaizi， Huacai， and Kuizi. Through the original research， it can be seen that Kuicai is the mainstream original plant of Malvae Semen， that is， Malva verticillata var. crispa， the Alcea rosea and M. cathayensis are also used. In modern times， the seeds of Abutilon theophrasti have been passed off as Malvae Semen， while the seeds of M. verticillata var. crispa have rarely been used in medicine. And Abutili Semen has been another medicinal material with different efficacy since the collection of Newly Revised Materia Medica in the Tang dynasty. Since the Ming and Qing dynasties， the cultivation of Kuicai has been decreasing， while A. theophrasti is more common and easy to obtain， and Abutili Semen and Malvae Semen are similar in morphology and confused， which should be corrected. In addition， Malvae Fructus is a Mongolian customary medicinal herb， which is different from the traditional use of seeds in traditional Chinese medicine. Kuicai， as an important vegetable in history， was widely cultivated and gradually shrunk after the Song dynasty， it is now mainly produced in southern provinces. The quality evaluation of Malvae Semen is better for those with dry bodies， full grain， grayish brown color， no mud， and no impurities. The harvesting is generally in the autumn and winter. After drying， it is seeded， sieved peel and impurities， mashed， or slightly stir-fried to yellow-white color with gentle fire. It is sweet， cold and slippery in nature and taste， with the main effects of laxation， diuresis， lactation and elimination of swelling. The efficacy of Abutili Semen is clearing heat and removing toxicity， promoting diuresis and removing nebula， the efficacy is quite different from that of Malvae Semen. Based on the results of textual research， it is suggested that M. verticillata var. crispa should be used as the medicinal source of Malvae Semen in the development of famous classical formulas， the corresponding processing methods should be selected according to the requirements of drug processing in the formulas， while the raw products are recommended to be used if the processing is not specified.

Objective: To explore the association between sleep quality and dry eye symptoms in adolescents,so as to provide the evidence for reducing the prevalence of dry eye symptoms. Methods: The study population was adolescents aged 12-24 years from the Psychology and Behavior Investigation of Chinese Residents (PBICR) survey, which was conducted from 20 June to 31 August 2022. A stratified random sampling and quota sampling method was used to select 6 456 adolescents within mainland China. The Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and Brief version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (B-PSQI) were used to assess dry eye symptoms and sleep quality. Multiple Logistic regression model was used to explore the relationship between sleep quality and dry eye symptoms in adolescents. The influence of gender on the association was explored by using interaction terms. Results: A total of 2 815 adolescents reported having dry eye symptoms, with a prevalence of 43.6%. Logistic regression analysis results showed an increased risk of exacerbation of dry eye symptoms in adolescents with poor sleep quality. The OR (95% CI ) for mild, moderate, and severe dry eye symptoms groups were 1.39(1.16-1.67), 1.52(1.28-1.81), and 2.35(2.02-2.72), respectively, compared with the ocularly normal group ( P <0.05). There was a significant interaction between sleep quality and gender on dry eye symptoms in adolescents ( P <0.01). Conclusions Sleep quality is associated with dry eye symptoms in adolescents, and those with poor sleep quality have a higher risk of dry eye symptoms. The effect of sleep quality on dry eye symptoms is greater in boys.

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), when released extracellularly, plays a pivotal role in the development of spinal cord synapses and exacerbates autoimmune diseases within the central nervous system. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a condition that models multiple sclerosis, the levels of extracellular HMGB1 and interleukin-33 (IL-33) have been found to be inversely correlated. However, the mechanism by which IL-33 deficiency enhances HMGB1 release during EAE remains elusive. Our study elucidates a potential signaling pathway whereby the absence of IL-33 leads to increased binding of P300/CBP-associated factor with HMGB1 in the nuclei of astrocytes, upregulating HMGB1 acetylation and promoting its release from astrocyte nuclei in the spinal cord of EAE mice. Conversely, the addition of IL-33 counteracts the TNF-α-induced increase in HMGB1 and acetylated HMGB1 levels in primary astrocytes. These findings underscore the potential of IL-33-associated signaling pathways as a therapeutic target for EAE treatment.
Animals ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism* ; Astrocytes/metabolism* ; Interleukin-33/metabolism* ; HMGB1 Protein/metabolism* ; Acetylation ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; p300-CBP Transcription Factors/metabolism* ; Mice ; Spinal Cord/metabolism* ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Signal Transduction

In the process of achieving the"Healthy China 2030"goal,the importance of health knowledge popularization behavior is increasingly prominent.Medical communication has emerged to meet the growing demand for medical popularization and improve the shortage of professional medical staff in medical knowledge popularization.At present,literature is relatively scarce on the development process of medical communication in the academic community.By analyzing the development process of this discipline,this paper divided the development process of the knowledge system of medical communication into three stages,including the"initial stage",the"practical exploration stage",and the"rapid development stage".After summarizing the different characteristics exhibited in the three stages,it can be concluded that the number of colleges and universities offering medical communication courses is gradually increasing,and social organizations such as the Society of Medical Communication have been established one after another,expanding the influence of the discipline.The development of medical communication not only helps to enhance the popularization and communication abilities of medical students,but also accelerates the development of China's health industry through its extensive influence at the practical level.

The discussion on the connotation of children’s subjectivity is not only a response to the lack of children’s subjectivity at the current stage of health management, but also a reference for children’s medical science popularization. Based on the perspective of social critical theory, this study used empirical research methods to review the "Dream Medical College" project of Children’s Hospital of Fudan University. The current situation and influencing factors of health management experience of 1 520 children participating in the "Dream Medical College" project were analyzed. The study showed that 96.35% of 1 316 subjects had diagnosis and treatment experience in specialized hospitals, and the overall negative emotional performance was at a low level (0~12 points). There was significant correlation between diagnosis and treatment, invasive experience and children’s emotional performance (P<0.05). The study revealed that the diagnosis and treatment field is the main practice place of children’s health management, while the subjective of children with different diagnosis and experience perform significantly different. Children over 4 years old have better language anxiety than physical anxiety when receiving diagnosis and treatment. Although medical science popularization is an important practical form of children’s health management, it lacks the science popularization content of invasive diagnosis and treatment and emotional management, and creative popular science form is more suitable for children with long-term and frequent diagnosis and treatment experience.

Objective:To investigate the associated factors of depressive symptoms among patients with neo-plasms.Methods:Nationwide(excluding Hong Kong,Macao,and Taiwan),30 505 residents were selected by a combination of stratified sampling and quota sampling according to the proportion of the seventh national population census.Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9),General Anxiety Disorder-7(GAD-7),self-made questionnaire,and simplified perceived social support scale used to evaluate depressive symptoms,anxiety symptoms,behaviors,and perceived social support among patients with neoplasms.Results:Totally 359(1.2％)patients with self-repor-ted clinically diagnosed neoplasms were included,of which 151(42.1％)patients with malignant neoplasms and 208(57.9％)patients with benign neoplasms.The detection rate of depressive symptoms in patients with neo-plasms was 76.6％.Less than three days of walking for more than 10 minutes per day in the past week(OR=6.63),4-6 days of walking for more than 10 minutes per day in the past week(OR=5.00),the low(OR=4.80)or medium(OR=3.06)overall sleep quality,the lower perceived friend support(OR=4.66),and anxiety symp-toms(OR=1.74)among patients with neoplasms were risk factors for depressive symptoms.Conclusion:Patients with neoplasms generally might be at a high risk of depressive symptoms,especially for those patients with less ex-ercise,poor sleep quality,and low perceived social support.

Objective:To explore the predictive value of multimodal ultrasound (MMU) for upper urinary tract damage (UUTD) in children with neurogenic bladder (NB).Methods:This was a case-series study.From January 2022 to December 2023, 87 children with NB admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were examined by MMU.During the filling of bladder, vesical volume (VV), bladder wall thickness (BWT), shear wave velocity (SWV) of the anterior wall, resistance index (RI), and vascularization index (VI) were measured.After the emptying of bladder, VV and anterior wall SWV were measured, and ultrasound bladder compliance (△C) was calculated.The anterior posterior diameter (APD) of the renal pelvis and ureteral diameter (UD) were also measured.According to the upper/lower urinary tract dysfunction classification criteria, NB children were divided into a UUTD group and a non-UUTD (NUUTD) group.The differences in clinical data and related examinations between the 2 groups were analyzed to screen out independent risk factors, and an early warning model was established based on these factors.The prediction efficiency of the model and the urodynamic study (UDS) for UUTD was compared.Results:(1) There were 47 children in the UUTD group and 40 children in the NUUTD group.There was no significant difference in gender, age and body mass index between the 2 groups (all P>0.05).(2) In the UUTD group, the total glomerular filtration rate (tGFR) was (70.45±16.17) mL/min, the incidence of hydronephrosis was 38.30%, and the incidence of ureteral dilatation was 23.40%.No morphological changes were found in the imaging examination of the urinary system in the NUUTD group, and its tGFR was (100.55±16.27) mL/min.There was a significant difference in tGFR between the 2 groups ( P<0.05).(3) The filling VV, emptying VV, mean BWT, filling SWV, emptying SWV, VI, mean RI, △C, maximum cystometric capacity (MCC), maximum detrusor pressure during filling (Pdet.max), bladder compliance (BC), and detrusor leak point pressure (DLPP) in the NUUTD group were (218.43±87.53) mL, (14.62±6.14) mL, (3.08±0.65) mm, (2.64±0.54) m/s, (1.88±0.41) m/s, (6.20±1.04)%, 0.68±0.04, (147.58±49.18) mm 2·s, (309.50±66.54) mL, (59.83±19.79) cmH 2O(1 cmH 2O=0.098 kPa), (25.80±10.34) mL/cmH 2O, and (34.00±6.16) cmH 2O, respectively.Compared with the NUUTD group, the UUTD group showed decreased filling VV [(167.21±85.63) mL], △C [(78.49±31.86) mm 2·s], VI [(5.01±0.81) %], MCC [(255.32±75.10) mL], and BC [(12.57±6.44) mL/cmH 2O], and increased emptying VV [(19.50±7.65) mL], mean BWT [(4.02±0.82) mm], filling SWV [(3.99±1.07) m/s], emptying SWV [(2.15±0.35) m/s], mean RI (0.70±0.08), Pdet.max [(75.94±26.23) cmH 2O], and DLPP [(48.13±12.61) cmH 2O] (all P<0.05).(4) The decreased BC ( OR=0.841, 95% CI: 0.562-1.256, P=0.045), △C ( OR=0.427, 95% CI: 0.202-0.904, P=0.026) and VI ( OR=0.461, 95% CI: 0.091-2.325, P=0.010) and the increased DLPP ( OR=1.139, 95% CI: 0.894-1.451, P=0.040), filling SWV ( OR=1.895, 95% CI: 1.082-3.321, P=0.007) and mean BWT ( OR=1.191, 95% CI: 0.850-1.669, P=0.025) were independent risk factors for UUTD.Among MMU parameters, filling SWV had the highest prediction efficiency for UUTD, with a threshold of 3.33 m/s, sensitivity of 72.34% and specificity of 92.50%. Conclusions:MMU can well predict the occurrence of UUTD in children with NB, and filling SWV has the highest prediction efficiency.

Background::We previously reported that activation of the cell cycle in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) enhances their remuscularization capacity after human cardiac muscle patch transplantation in infarcted mouse hearts. Herein, we sought to identify the effect of magnesium lithospermate B (MLB) on hiPSC-CMs during myocardial repair using a myocardial infarction (MI) mouse model.Methods::In C57BL/6 mice, MI was surgically induced by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. The mice were randomly divided into five groups ( n = 10 per group); a MI group (treated with phosphate-buffered saline only), a hiPSC-CMs group, a MLB group, a hiPSC-CMs + MLB group, and a Sham operation group. Cardiac function and MLB therapeutic efficacy were evaluated by echocardiography and histochemical staining 4 weeks after surgery. To identify the associated mechanism, nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1) signals, cell adhesion ability, generation of reactive oxygen species, and rates of apoptosis were detected in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and hiPSC-CMs. Results::After 4 weeks of transplantation, the number of cells that engrafted in the hiPSC-CMs + MLB group was about five times higher than those in the hiPSC-CMs group. Additionally, MLB treatment significantly reduced tohoku hospital pediatrics-1 (THP-1) cell adhesion, ICAM1 expression, NF-κB nuclear translocation, reactive oxygen species production, NF-κB p65 phosphorylation, and cell apoptosis in HUVECs cultured under hypoxia. Similarly, treatment with MLB significantly inhibited the apoptosis of hiPSC-CMs via enhancing signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation and B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2) expression, promoting STAT3 nuclear translocation, and downregulating BCL2-Associated X, dual specificity phosphatase 2 (DUSP2), and cleaved-caspase-3 expression under hypoxia. Furthermore, MLB significantly suppressed the production of malondialdehyde and lactate dehydrogenase and the reduction in glutathione content induced by hypoxia in both HUVECs and hiPSC-CMs in vitro. Conclusions::MLB significantly enhanced the potential of hiPSC-CMs in repairing injured myocardium by improving endothelial cell function via the NF-κB/ICAM1 pathway and inhibiting hiPSC-CMs apoptosis via the DUSP2/STAT3 pathway.

Objective This study aimed to explore the effects and mechanisms of chronic intermittent exposure to alcohol on fear,anxiety and depression behavior in post-traumatic stress disorder mice.Methods Thirty-six 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a control group(Control),a traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)group and a chronic intermittent alcohol exposure(PTSD+Alcohol)group.The PTSD mice were prepared via the plantar electric shock method and then chroni-cally exposed to alcohol for 14 days.The fear,anxiety and depression behaviors of each group of mice were observed via a behav-ioral test.Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of the microglial markers ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1(IBA1),postsynaptic density protein 95(PSD95),and synaptotagmin Ⅰ(SYT1)in the hippocampal tissue of the mice in each group.Immunofluorescence staining was performed to assess the expression levels of IBA1 and Synaptophysin(SYN)in the hippocampal tissue.An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to measure the release of tumor necrosis fac-tor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)in the hippocampal tissue.Results Compared with those in the control group,the ratio of freezing time in the conditioned fear chamber significantly increased,the number of open arm entries decreased,the immobility time in the forced swim test increased in the PTSD group,and the expression of IBA1 protein and TNF-α release increased,with decreased expression of SYN,PSD95 and SYT1(all P＜0.05).Compared with the PTSD group,the PTSD+Alcohol group presented significantly increased freezing time in the conditioned fear chamber,decreased locomotor distance and time spent in the center zone in the open field test,increased IBA1 protein expression,and increased release of TNF-α and IL-1β(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Chronic intermittent alcohol exposure can aggravate fear,anxiety and depression in post-traumatic stress model mice,and the mechanism may be related to the activation of microglia.