Objective:To explore the policy synergy of 71 Diagnosis-Intervention Packet(DIP)pilot cities from the perspective of policy synergy at both the national and provincial levels.Methods:Policy evaluation dimensions were constructed by text mining method,and the surface plots of policy consistency were drawn by the Policy Modeling Consistency Index(PMC),and the degree of policy synergy between each city and national policies and with cities in the province were calculated by correlation analysis.Results:Different levels of policy in pilot cities and the policy differences among pilot cities mainly focus on policy disclosure,core elements,and infrastructure,at the central level,most cities maintain a high degree of consistency with the state in terms of policy nature,management measures,infrastructure,and policy evaluation,and the policy timeliness,policy perspective,and core elements still need to be improved;at the provincial level,cities within the 20 provinces show characteristics in low level of complete synergy,high level of close synergy and differentiated partial synergy.Conclusion:The 71 DIP pilot cities have established a preliminary policy system,but there are still more cities with missing policies and a lack of coordination.In the future,efforts should be made to advance the policy development process,promote the improvement of the policy system,and promote coordination among pilot cities in policy implementation.

Objective:To explore the policy synergy of 71 Diagnosis-Intervention Packet(DIP)pilot cities from the perspective of policy synergy at both the national and provincial levels.Methods:Policy evaluation dimensions were constructed by text mining method,and the surface plots of policy consistency were drawn by the Policy Modeling Consistency Index(PMC),and the degree of policy synergy between each city and national policies and with cities in the province were calculated by correlation analysis.Results:Different levels of policy in pilot cities and the policy differences among pilot cities mainly focus on policy disclosure,core elements,and infrastructure,at the central level,most cities maintain a high degree of consistency with the state in terms of policy nature,management measures,infrastructure,and policy evaluation,and the policy timeliness,policy perspective,and core elements still need to be improved;at the provincial level,cities within the 20 provinces show characteristics in low level of complete synergy,high level of close synergy and differentiated partial synergy.Conclusion:The 71 DIP pilot cities have established a preliminary policy system,but there are still more cities with missing policies and a lack of coordination.In the future,efforts should be made to advance the policy development process,promote the improvement of the policy system,and promote coordination among pilot cities in policy implementation.

Objective:To explore the policy synergy of 71 Diagnosis-Intervention Packet(DIP)pilot cities from the perspective of policy synergy at both the national and provincial levels.Methods:Policy evaluation dimensions were constructed by text mining method,and the surface plots of policy consistency were drawn by the Policy Modeling Consistency Index(PMC),and the degree of policy synergy between each city and national policies and with cities in the province were calculated by correlation analysis.Results:Different levels of policy in pilot cities and the policy differences among pilot cities mainly focus on policy disclosure,core elements,and infrastructure,at the central level,most cities maintain a high degree of consistency with the state in terms of policy nature,management measures,infrastructure,and policy evaluation,and the policy timeliness,policy perspective,and core elements still need to be improved;at the provincial level,cities within the 20 provinces show characteristics in low level of complete synergy,high level of close synergy and differentiated partial synergy.Conclusion:The 71 DIP pilot cities have established a preliminary policy system,but there are still more cities with missing policies and a lack of coordination.In the future,efforts should be made to advance the policy development process,promote the improvement of the policy system,and promote coordination among pilot cities in policy implementation.

Objective:To explore the policy synergy of 71 Diagnosis-Intervention Packet(DIP)pilot cities from the perspective of policy synergy at both the national and provincial levels.Methods:Policy evaluation dimensions were constructed by text mining method,and the surface plots of policy consistency were drawn by the Policy Modeling Consistency Index(PMC),and the degree of policy synergy between each city and national policies and with cities in the province were calculated by correlation analysis.Results:Different levels of policy in pilot cities and the policy differences among pilot cities mainly focus on policy disclosure,core elements,and infrastructure,at the central level,most cities maintain a high degree of consistency with the state in terms of policy nature,management measures,infrastructure,and policy evaluation,and the policy timeliness,policy perspective,and core elements still need to be improved;at the provincial level,cities within the 20 provinces show characteristics in low level of complete synergy,high level of close synergy and differentiated partial synergy.Conclusion:The 71 DIP pilot cities have established a preliminary policy system,but there are still more cities with missing policies and a lack of coordination.In the future,efforts should be made to advance the policy development process,promote the improvement of the policy system,and promote coordination among pilot cities in policy implementation.

Objective:To explore the policy synergy of 71 Diagnosis-Intervention Packet(DIP)pilot cities from the perspective of policy synergy at both the national and provincial levels.Methods:Policy evaluation dimensions were constructed by text mining method,and the surface plots of policy consistency were drawn by the Policy Modeling Consistency Index(PMC),and the degree of policy synergy between each city and national policies and with cities in the province were calculated by correlation analysis.Results:Different levels of policy in pilot cities and the policy differences among pilot cities mainly focus on policy disclosure,core elements,and infrastructure,at the central level,most cities maintain a high degree of consistency with the state in terms of policy nature,management measures,infrastructure,and policy evaluation,and the policy timeliness,policy perspective,and core elements still need to be improved;at the provincial level,cities within the 20 provinces show characteristics in low level of complete synergy,high level of close synergy and differentiated partial synergy.Conclusion:The 71 DIP pilot cities have established a preliminary policy system,but there are still more cities with missing policies and a lack of coordination.In the future,efforts should be made to advance the policy development process,promote the improvement of the policy system,and promote coordination among pilot cities in policy implementation.

Objective:To explore the policy synergy of 71 Diagnosis-Intervention Packet(DIP)pilot cities from the perspective of policy synergy at both the national and provincial levels.Methods:Policy evaluation dimensions were constructed by text mining method,and the surface plots of policy consistency were drawn by the Policy Modeling Consistency Index(PMC),and the degree of policy synergy between each city and national policies and with cities in the province were calculated by correlation analysis.Results:Different levels of policy in pilot cities and the policy differences among pilot cities mainly focus on policy disclosure,core elements,and infrastructure,at the central level,most cities maintain a high degree of consistency with the state in terms of policy nature,management measures,infrastructure,and policy evaluation,and the policy timeliness,policy perspective,and core elements still need to be improved;at the provincial level,cities within the 20 provinces show characteristics in low level of complete synergy,high level of close synergy and differentiated partial synergy.Conclusion:The 71 DIP pilot cities have established a preliminary policy system,but there are still more cities with missing policies and a lack of coordination.In the future,efforts should be made to advance the policy development process,promote the improvement of the policy system,and promote coordination among pilot cities in policy implementation.

Objective:To explore the policy synergy of 71 Diagnosis-Intervention Packet(DIP)pilot cities from the perspective of policy synergy at both the national and provincial levels.Methods:Policy evaluation dimensions were constructed by text mining method,and the surface plots of policy consistency were drawn by the Policy Modeling Consistency Index(PMC),and the degree of policy synergy between each city and national policies and with cities in the province were calculated by correlation analysis.Results:Different levels of policy in pilot cities and the policy differences among pilot cities mainly focus on policy disclosure,core elements,and infrastructure,at the central level,most cities maintain a high degree of consistency with the state in terms of policy nature,management measures,infrastructure,and policy evaluation,and the policy timeliness,policy perspective,and core elements still need to be improved;at the provincial level,cities within the 20 provinces show characteristics in low level of complete synergy,high level of close synergy and differentiated partial synergy.Conclusion:The 71 DIP pilot cities have established a preliminary policy system,but there are still more cities with missing policies and a lack of coordination.In the future,efforts should be made to advance the policy development process,promote the improvement of the policy system,and promote coordination among pilot cities in policy implementation.

Objective:To explore the policy synergy of 71 Diagnosis-Intervention Packet(DIP)pilot cities from the perspective of policy synergy at both the national and provincial levels.Methods:Policy evaluation dimensions were constructed by text mining method,and the surface plots of policy consistency were drawn by the Policy Modeling Consistency Index(PMC),and the degree of policy synergy between each city and national policies and with cities in the province were calculated by correlation analysis.Results:Different levels of policy in pilot cities and the policy differences among pilot cities mainly focus on policy disclosure,core elements,and infrastructure,at the central level,most cities maintain a high degree of consistency with the state in terms of policy nature,management measures,infrastructure,and policy evaluation,and the policy timeliness,policy perspective,and core elements still need to be improved;at the provincial level,cities within the 20 provinces show characteristics in low level of complete synergy,high level of close synergy and differentiated partial synergy.Conclusion:The 71 DIP pilot cities have established a preliminary policy system,but there are still more cities with missing policies and a lack of coordination.In the future,efforts should be made to advance the policy development process,promote the improvement of the policy system,and promote coordination among pilot cities in policy implementation.

Objective:This study aims to obtain the prevalence and features associated with Violence Against Children (VAC) in China and, thus, formulate a prevention strategy.Methods:The mortality-related data of VAC was sourced from the National Disease Surveillance Points System (DSP) during 2013-2021. We analyzed the DSP data regarding children aged 0-17 years old who died from violence. The hospital cases of VAC was sourced from the National Injury Surveillance System (NISS), 2013-2021. We analyzed the data from NISS with the parameter of "intentional injury" caused by VAC in children aged between 0-17 years. Using robust linear regression, we analyze the time trend in the proportion of violence incidence. To understand the variations in the incidence of different types of violence across genders, we apply the chi-square test and adjusted Pearson residuals.Results:The overall trend of death caused by VAC has declined; it was reduced to 0.14/100 000 in 2021 from 0.33/100 000 in 2013. In 2021, male VAC mortality (0.15/100 000) was higher than females (0.13/100 000). The proportion of VAC cases to all injury cases has declined from 3.34% in 2013 to 2.29% in 2021. Among 9 344 VAC cases supervised by hospitals in 2021, the number of males (7 503 cases) was around 4 times that of females (1 841 cases), and the top three modes of violence were blunt tools (64.77%), falls (7.46%) and sharp instruments (6.18%), and 45 cases of sexual violence included 38 girls and 7 boys.Conclusions:The declining death rate due to VAC may be related to the benign development of Chinese society. Prevention strategies targeting training in parenting skills and problem-solving should be prioritized.

Objective:To investigate respiratory virus infection in children with septic shock in pediatric care units (PICU) in China and its influence on clinical outcomes.Methods:The clinical data of children with septic shock in children′s PICU from January 2018 to December 2019 in 10 Chinese hospitals were retrospectively collected. They were divided into the pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 groups according to the onset of disease, and the characteristics and composition of respiratory virus in the 2 groups were compared. Matching age, malignant underlying diseases, bacteria, fungi and other viruses, a new database was generated using 1∶1 propensity score matching method. The children were divided into the respiratory virus group and non-respiratory virus group according to the presence or absence of respiratory virus infection; their clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment were compared by t-test, rank sum test and Chi-square test. The correlation between respiratory virus infection and the clinical outcomes was analyzed by logistic regression. Results:A total of 1 247 children with septic shock were included in the study, of them 748 were male; the age was 37 (11, 105) months. In the pre-and post-COVID-19 groups, there were 530 and 717 cases of septic shock, respectively; the positive rate of respiratory virus was 14.9% (79 cases) and 9.8% (70 cases); the seasonal distribution of septic shock was 28.9% (153/530) and 25.9% (185/717) in autumn, and 30.3% (161/530) and 28.3% (203/717) in winter, respectively, and the corresponding positive rates of respiratory viruses were 19.6% (30/153) and 15.7% (29/185) in autumn, and 21.1% (34/161) and 15.3% (31/203) in winter, respectively. The positive rates of influenza virus and adenovirus in the post-COVID-19 group were lower than those in the pre-COVID-19 group (2.1% (15/717) vs. 7.5% (40/530), and 0.7% (5/717) vs. 3.2% (17/530), χ2=21.51 and 11.08, respectively; all P<0.05). Rhinovirus virus were higher than those in the pre-Covid-19 group (1.7% (12/717) vs. 0.2% (1/530), χ2=6.51, P=0.011). After propensity score matching, there were 147 cases in both the respiratory virus group and the non-respiratory virus group. Rate of respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress, rate of disseminated coagulation dysfunction, and immunoglobulin usage of the respiratory virus group were higher than those of non-respiratory virus group (77.6% (114/147) vs. 59.2% (87/147), 17.7% (26/147) vs. 4.1% (6/147), 15.6% (25/147) vs. 4.1% (7/147), and 35.4% (52/147) vs. 21.4% (32/147); χ2=11.07, 14.02, 11.06 and 6.67, all P<0.05); and PICU hospitalization of the former was longer than that of the later (7 (3, 16) vs. 3 (1, 7)d, Z=5.01, P<0.001). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of respiratory viral infection was associated with respiratory failure, disseminated coagulation dysfunction, the use of mechanical ventilation, and the use of immunoglobulin and anti-respiratory viral drugs ( OR=2.42, 0.22, 0.25, 0.56 and 1.12, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The composition of respiratory virus infection in children with septic shock is different between pre and post-COVID-19. Respiratory viral infection is associated with organ dysfunction in children with septic shock. Decreasing respiratory viral infection through respiratory protection may improve the clinical outcome of these children.