Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common malignant tumor worldwide after lung cancer and breast cancer,and is the second leading cause of cancer-related death.The causes of CRC are complex and treatment efficacy varies according to disease stage.Animal models thus play a critical role in research into CRC prevention and treatment.This review critically assesses the pathogenesis and characteristics of CRC from the perspectives of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.We also discuss recent method and mechanisms of modeling in existing animal models of CRC.Current CRC animal models are largely based on modern medical modeling techniques and the evaluation criteria are also mainly based on Western medicine diagnostic indicators.These models are thus limited by the lack of combined traditional Chinese and Western medicine approaches in terms of disease diagnosis and treatment,making it difficult to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the development of CRC.In addition,reliable large-animal models are rarely reported.A better understanding of the mechanisms of CRC integrating traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine may provide useful insights to improve the predictability of animal models.

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common malignant tumor worldwide after lung cancer and breast cancer,and is the second leading cause of cancer-related death.The causes of CRC are complex and treatment efficacy varies according to disease stage.Animal models thus play a critical role in research into CRC prevention and treatment.This review critically assesses the pathogenesis and characteristics of CRC from the perspectives of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.We also discuss recent method and mechanisms of modeling in existing animal models of CRC.Current CRC animal models are largely based on modern medical modeling techniques and the evaluation criteria are also mainly based on Western medicine diagnostic indicators.These models are thus limited by the lack of combined traditional Chinese and Western medicine approaches in terms of disease diagnosis and treatment,making it difficult to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the development of CRC.In addition,reliable large-animal models are rarely reported.A better understanding of the mechanisms of CRC integrating traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine may provide useful insights to improve the predictability of animal models.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the extraction technology of oligosaccharides of Morinda officinalis. METHODS:The liq-uid/solid ratio,extraction time and temperature were chosen as factors,and the yield of oligosaccharides was estimated as index. On the basis of single-factor experiments,using a 3-factor,3-level Box-behnken central composite experimental design,two-poly-nomial regression equation of extraction rate of oligosaccharide was established,and it was analyzed by response surface methodolo-gy to obtain the optimum extraction conditions,and the verification test was conducted. RESULTS:The optimum extraction condi-tions were as follows as material/liquid ratio of 23∶1(ml/g),extraction time of 1.7 h,and extraction temperature of 93℃,extract-ing for twice. Under these conditions, the estimated and observed average values of extraction rate of oligosaccharides were 10.37% and 10.29%(RSD=0.20%,n=3),respectively. The deviation value was 0.06%. CONCLUSIONS:The response surface methodology can be used to optimize the extraction process of oligosaccharides of M. officinalis.