ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Astragali Radix polysaccharides （APS） on the polarization of BV2 microglial cells in an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation （OGD/R） model through regulation of the Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）/nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway. MethodsThe OGD/R injury model of BV2 microglia was established and divided into blank group， OGD/R group and APS group （0.4 g·L^-1 APS）. Neuroinflammatory injury was induced by lipopolysaccharide （LPS） and treated with APS. The cells were divided into blank group， LPS group （1 mg·L^-1 LPS） and APS group （0.4 g·L^-1 APS+1 mg·L^-1 LPS）. Cell viability was detected using the cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay. Cell morphology was observed under an inverted microscope. Nitric oxide （NO） content in the cell supernatant was determined by the Griess assay. The secretion levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin （IL）-6， IL-10， and IL-4 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Immunofluorescence （IF） was used to detect the double-positive rates of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1/inducible nitric oxide synthase （Iba-1⁺/iNOS⁺） and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1/arginase 1 （Iba-1⁺/Arg1⁺）， as well as the nuclear translocation rate of nuclear factor-κB p65 （NF-κB p65）. Protein expression levels of Iba-1， iNOS， Arg1， TLR4， and NF-κB p65 were detected by Western blot. ResultsIn the OGD/R injury model， compared with the blank control group， BV2 microglial cells in the OGD/R group were activated and exhibited amoeboid morphological changes. The secretion levels of NO， TNF-α， and IL-6 were significantly increased （P<0.01）. The double-positive expression rate of Iba-1⁺/iNOS⁺ and the protein expression of Iba-1 and iNOS were significantly increased （P<0.01）. The nuclear translocation rate of NF-κB p65 and the protein expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 were significantly increased （P<0.01）. The levels of IL-10 and IL-4 were significantly decreased （P<0.01）， and the double-positive expression rate of Iba-1⁺/Arg1⁺ and Arg1 protein expression were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with the OGD/R group， the APS group （0.4 g·L^-1） showed reduced cell activation， significantly decreased secretion levels of NO， TNF-α， and IL-6 （P<0.01）， significantly decreased double-positive expression rate of Iba-1⁺/iNOS⁺ and relative protein expression of Iba-1 and iNOS （P<0.01）， significantly decreased nuclear translocation rate of NF-κB p65 and protein expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 （P<0.01）， significantly increased levels of IL-10 and IL-4 （P<0.01）， and significantly increased double-positive expression rate of Iba-1⁺/Arg1⁺ and Arg1 protein expression （P<0.01）. In the LPS-induced neuroinflammation model， compared with the blank control group， the LPS group showed increased cell activation， significantly increased levels of NO， TNF-α， and IL-6， significantly increased Iba-1⁺/iNOS⁺ double-positive expression rate， NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation rate， and protein expression levels of Iba-1， iNOS， TLR4， and NF-κB p65 （P<0.01）， while IL-10 and IL-4 levels， Iba-1⁺/Arg1⁺ double-positive expression rate， and Arg1 protein expression were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with the LPS group， the APS group showed reduced cell activation， significantly decreased levels of NO， TNF-α， and IL-6， Iba-1⁺/iNOS⁺ double-positive expression rate， NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation rate， and protein expression levels of Iba-1， iNOS， TLR4， and NF-κB p65 （P<0.01）， while IL-10 and IL-4 levels， Iba-1⁺/Arg1⁺ double-positive expression rate， and Arg1 protein expression were significantly increased （P<0.01）. ConclusionAPS may reduce microglial activation and promote their polarization toward the M2 phenotype by inhibiting activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway， thereby alleviating the neuroinflammatory response induced by OGD/R.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of cases involving monkey injuries at medical institutions surrounding Qianlingshan Park in Guiyang City, and to provide a reference basis for preventive measures to reduce monkey injuries and standardized post-exposure treatment.Methods:A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted, collecting 1 900 cases of monkey-induced injuries in Qianlingshan Park treated at the outpatient clinic of Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the Department of Surgery at Qianling Hospital, Guiyang City, from 2021 to 2024. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson′s chi-square test.Results:Total of 1 900 cases of monkey-related injuries in Qianlingshan Park were collected from 2021 to 2024. The exposure time distribution exhibited significant seasonality, with 48.58% of cases occurring during July and August, totaling 923 cases, indicating a peak in the summer. There were 774 male patients and 1 126 female patients, with a ratio of 1∶1.45.and significant differences were observed between different age groups and genders (χ2=195.00, P<0.001), with the highest number of cases occurring in the 0-9 and 20-29 age groups, accounting for 22.05%(419 cases) and 21.79%(414 cases), respectively. The upper limbs were the most common injury site, accounting for 50.84% of the total cases(966 cases in total), with significant differences between gender and injury location (χ2=22.00, P<0.001), Among females, the proportion of injuries to the upper and lower limbs (30.11% and 16.47%, respectively) was higher than that among males (20.74% and 8.63%, respectively). The majority of injuries were classified as Grade Ⅲ, making up 57.38% of cases(1 069 cases in total). Self-treatment after exposure was the most common approach(60.44%), with significant differences observed between wound severity and treatment method (χ2=6.90, P=0.032), Patients with Grade Ⅱ and Grade Ⅲ wounds were more likely to choose self-management (26.84% and 33.23%, respectively) than outpatient management (15.14% and 24.15%). Approximately 98.05% (1 863 cases) of monkey-injured patients had received rabies vaccinations. Conclusions:This study analyzes monkey-related injuries in Qianlingshan Park from 2021 to 2024, clarifying the temporal distribution of injuries, demographic characteristics, injury sites, and treatment methods. The findings provide references for optimizing human-monkey conflict management and the prevention and control of zoonotic diseases in urban ecological parks.

Objective To investigate the potential roles of miR-127-3p and miR-129-5p in guiding micro-blood stasis syndrome differentiation,predicting renal pathological outcomes,assessing disease activity,and evaluating prognosis in IgA nephropathy(IgAN)patients.Methods Thirty IgAN patients meeting the diagnostic criteria of"micro-blood stasis syndrome"were enrolled from Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between September 2020 and December 2021.Plasma levels of miR-127-3p and miR-129-5p were measured,and their correlations with renal pathological indices(including activity index and chronicity index)and laboratory parameters(including liver function indicators,renal function indicators,coagulation function indicators,urinary markers,and lipid profiles)were analyzed.Results(1)Activity index:No significant correlation was observed between miR-127-3p expression and any activity indices(P＞0.05).miR-129-5p expression showed a positive correlation with mesangial hypercellularity index(MsHI)(r=0.470,P=0.009)but had no significant correlations with endocapillary hypercellularity index(endoI),glomerular capillary loop destruction activity index(dGAI),or mesangial matrix expansion index(MsMT)(P＞0.05).(2)Chronicity index:Neither miR-127-3p nor miR-129-5p expression correlated significantly with glomerular chronicity index(GCI),tubular chronicity index(TCI)(P＞0.05).(3)Liver function:miR-127-3p showed no significant correlation with alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),or albumin(ALB)(P＞0.05).miR-129-5p expression was negatively correlated with ALB(r=-0.388,P=0.034)and positively correlated with AST(r=0.448,P=0.013),but was not correlated with ALT(P＞0.05).(4)Renal function:No significant correlations were found between miR-127-3p/miR-129-5p and blood urea nitrogen(BUN),serum creatinine(Scr),uric acid(UA),creatinine clearance rate(CCr),or cystatin C(Cys-C)(P＞0.05).(5)Coagulation function:Neither miR-127-3p/miR-129-5p was correlated with prothrombin time(PT),activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT),thrombin time(TT),fibrinogen(FIB),or D-dimer(D-D)(P＞0.05).(6)Urinary markers:No significant correlations were observed with 24-hour urinary protein quantification(24hUPQ)or urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase-to-creatinine ratio(UNAG/UCr)(P＞0.05).(7)Lipid profiles:NeithermiR-127-3p/miR-129-5p showed significant correlations with triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC),or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)(P＞0.05).Conclusion In IgAN patients with micro-blood stasis syndrome,miR-129-5p demonstrates potential in reflecting renal pathological damage and shows prospects for evaluating disease activity and prognosis.These findings suggest its potential value in guiding integrated Chinese and western medicine diagnosis and treatment of IgAN.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of cases involving monkey injuries at medical institutions surrounding Qianlingshan Park in Guiyang City, and to provide a reference basis for preventive measures to reduce monkey injuries and standardized post-exposure treatment.Methods:A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted, collecting 1 900 cases of monkey-induced injuries in Qianlingshan Park treated at the outpatient clinic of Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the Department of Surgery at Qianling Hospital, Guiyang City, from 2021 to 2024. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson′s chi-square test.Results:Total of 1 900 cases of monkey-related injuries in Qianlingshan Park were collected from 2021 to 2024. The exposure time distribution exhibited significant seasonality, with 48.58% of cases occurring during July and August, totaling 923 cases, indicating a peak in the summer. There were 774 male patients and 1 126 female patients, with a ratio of 1∶1.45.and significant differences were observed between different age groups and genders (χ2=195.00, P<0.001), with the highest number of cases occurring in the 0-9 and 20-29 age groups, accounting for 22.05%(419 cases) and 21.79%(414 cases), respectively. The upper limbs were the most common injury site, accounting for 50.84% of the total cases(966 cases in total), with significant differences between gender and injury location (χ2=22.00, P<0.001), Among females, the proportion of injuries to the upper and lower limbs (30.11% and 16.47%, respectively) was higher than that among males (20.74% and 8.63%, respectively). The majority of injuries were classified as Grade Ⅲ, making up 57.38% of cases(1 069 cases in total). Self-treatment after exposure was the most common approach(60.44%), with significant differences observed between wound severity and treatment method (χ2=6.90, P=0.032), Patients with Grade Ⅱ and Grade Ⅲ wounds were more likely to choose self-management (26.84% and 33.23%, respectively) than outpatient management (15.14% and 24.15%). Approximately 98.05% (1 863 cases) of monkey-injured patients had received rabies vaccinations. Conclusions:This study analyzes monkey-related injuries in Qianlingshan Park from 2021 to 2024, clarifying the temporal distribution of injuries, demographic characteristics, injury sites, and treatment methods. The findings provide references for optimizing human-monkey conflict management and the prevention and control of zoonotic diseases in urban ecological parks.

Objective To conduct a scoping review of the current state of research on the application of virtual reality technology in psychological interventions for cancer patients,clarifying its types,forms,contents,intervention effects,and outcome indicators,and to provide the improvement of mental health in cancer patients.Methods A literature search was conducted on PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,Scopus,Cochrane Library,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,and Wanfang Data up to October 11,2023.The selected literature was screened,included,and analyzed for content summary.Results A total of 22 studies were included,involving both non-immersive and immersive virtual reality technologies,with various systems or programs used for intervention.The primary interventions include virtual reality relaxation therapy,virtual reality exposure therapy,and virtual reality reminiscence therapy.The outcome indicators primarily include anxiety,depression,distress,pain,fatigue,sleep,quality of life,coping,and side effects of virtual reality.Conclusion The use of virtual reality technology for psychological interventions in cancer patients offers a variety of forms and rich content,which has a positive impact on improving the physical and mental health of cancer patients.However,there is significant heterogeneity in the content elements and outcome measure tools,leading to certain limitations in its application.In the future,the specific needs of cancer patients should be considered,and the procedural norms for virtual reality-based psychological interventions should be explored.

Objective To conduct a scoping review of the current state of research on the application of virtual reality technology in psychological interventions for cancer patients,clarifying its types,forms,contents,intervention effects,and outcome indicators,and to provide the improvement of mental health in cancer patients.Methods A literature search was conducted on PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,Scopus,Cochrane Library,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,and Wanfang Data up to October 11,2023.The selected literature was screened,included,and analyzed for content summary.Results A total of 22 studies were included,involving both non-immersive and immersive virtual reality technologies,with various systems or programs used for intervention.The primary interventions include virtual reality relaxation therapy,virtual reality exposure therapy,and virtual reality reminiscence therapy.The outcome indicators primarily include anxiety,depression,distress,pain,fatigue,sleep,quality of life,coping,and side effects of virtual reality.Conclusion The use of virtual reality technology for psychological interventions in cancer patients offers a variety of forms and rich content,which has a positive impact on improving the physical and mental health of cancer patients.However,there is significant heterogeneity in the content elements and outcome measure tools,leading to certain limitations in its application.In the future,the specific needs of cancer patients should be considered,and the procedural norms for virtual reality-based psychological interventions should be explored.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major metabolic disease endangering global health, with diabetic nephropathy (DN) as a primary complication lacking curative therapy. Sporoderm-broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum (GLP), an herbal medicine, has been used for the treatment of metabolic disorders. In this study, DN was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats using streptozotocin (STZ) and a high-fat diet (HFD), and the protective mechanisms of GLP were investigated through transcriptomic, metabolomic, and network pharmacology (NP) analyses. Our results demonstrated that GLP intervention ameliorated renal damage and inflammation levels in DN rats. Integrative metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis revealed that GLP treatment modulated glucose and cellular energy metabolisms by regulating relevant genes. GLP significantly suppressed the inflammations by impacting glucose and energy metabolism-related gene expression (Igfbp1 and Angptl4) and enhanced metabolic biomarkers of 4-Aminocatechol. In addition, NP analysis further indicated that GLP may efficiently alleviate DN via immune-related pathways. In conclusion, this study provides supportive evidence of the anti-inflammatory effects of GLP supplements, highlighting their potential for promising clinical applications in treating DN.

Objective·To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and malignant tumors based on the Shanghai community elderly cohort.Methods·The study subjects were selected from the Shanghai community elderly cohort established from February to August 2019,with a total of 17 948 people.The study subjects were divided into 4 groups according to self-reported presence or absence of tumors and/or cardiovascular diseases during the baseline survey:tumor-free and non-cardiovascular disease group,single cardiovascular disease group,single tumor group and tumor cardiovascular disease co-occurrence group.The differences among the four groups of subjects were collected and compared in terms of demographic characteristics and physiological indicators,daily living habits(smoking,drinking tea,drinking coffee,drinking carbonated drink,drinking alcohol,sedentary time,physical activity level and sleep quality),past medical history,psychological status(depression and anxiety)and dietary compliance.Results·Among the study subjects,60.1%of tumor patients were complicated with cardiovascular diseases.The differences among the four groups of subjects in age,gender,educational level,pre-retirement occupation,waist circumference,hip circumference and body mass index were statistically significant(all P<0.05).Compared with the tumor-free and non-cardiovascular disease group,the single cardiovascular disease group,single tumor group and tumor cardiovascular disease co-occurrence group all exhibited lower proportions of smoking and high physical activity levels(all P<0.05),and higher proportion of sedentary time exceeding 4 h/d and poor sleep quality(all P<0.05);the proportion of subjects with past medical histories including hyperlipidemia,peripheral vascular disease,endocrine system disease,respiratory system disease,urinary system disease and digestive system disease of the single cardiovascular disease group and the tumor cardiovascular disease co-occurrence group was higher(all P<0.05),and the proportion of subjects with depression and anxiety was also higher(all P<0.05).Furthermore,compared with the tumor-free and non-cardiovascular disease group,the single cardiovascular disease group had lower compliance rates of poultry,fish,fruit and liquid milk(all P<0.05).Among the four groups,only the compliance rate of vegetable intake exceeded 50%,while the compliance rates of poultry,fish,fruit,liquid milk and tubers were all below 20%.Conclusion·In the elderly population of Shanghai communities,over half of malignant tumor patients are concomitant with cardiovascular diseases.Unhealthy daily habits are prevalent among those with cardiovascular diseases,tumors and tumor-cardiovascular disease co-occurrence.The intake of many foods in the elderly of the community do not reach the levels recommended by Chinese Dietary Guidelines.

Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a major metabolic disease endangering global health,with diabetic ne-phropathy(DN)as a primary complication lacking curative therapy.Sporoderm-broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum(GLP),an herbal medicine,has been used for the treatment of metabolic disorders.In this study,DN was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats using streptozotocin(STZ)and a high-fat diet(HFD),and the protective mechanisms of GLP were investigated through transcriptomic,metabolomic,and network pharmacology(NP)analyses.0ur results demonstrated that GLP intervention ameliorated renal damage and inflammation levels in DN rats.Integrative metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis revealed that GLP treatment modulated glucose and cellular energy metabolisms by regulating relevant genes.GLP significantly suppressed the inflammations by impacting glucose and energy metabolism-related gene expression(Igfbp1 and Angptl4)and enhanced metabolic biomarkers of 4-Aminocatechol.In addition,NP analysis further indicated that GLP may efficiently alleviate DN via immune-related pathways.In conclusion,this study provides supportive evidence of the anti-inflammatory effects of GLP supplements,highlighting their potential for promising clinical applications in treating DN.

Objective:To investigate the application effect of case-based learning (CBL) combined with flipped classroom in the teaching of experimental diagnostics in the integrated course of Diagnosis and Treatment Fundamentals. Methods:The cluster random sampling method was used to select the class of 2019 in the eight-year program and the class of 2020 in the five-year program, with the major of stomatology in Air Force Medical University. The 24 students in the observation group received CBL combined flipped classroom, and the 37 students in the control group received traditional teaching. The two groups were compared in terms of theoretical assessment score, classroom assessment score, comprehensive ability, self-learning ability, and degree of satisfaction with teaching. SPSS 22.0 was used for the t-test. Results:The observation group had a significantly higher theoretical assessment score than the control group [(74.88±3.46) vs. (71.89±4.45), P<0.05]. The observation group had significantly better scores of practical skill assessment than the control group ( P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the observation group had significantly better scores of comprehensive ability and self-learning ability ( P<0.05). The observation group had significantly better scores of satisfaction with teaching than the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The application of CBL combined with flipped classroom in the teaching of experimental diagnostics in the integrated course of Diagnosis and Treatment Fundamentals can improve theoretical knowledge, practical skills, comprehensive quality, and satisfaction with teaching among students, and therefore, it holds promise for application in teaching.