Objective To explore the causal relationships between 13 micronutrients (copper, selenium, zinc, calcium, folate, iron, magnesium, vitamin A, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, and vitamin E) and risk of tuberculosis (TB) through a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Methods The Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) data about micronutrients and TB were obtained from the IEU Open GWAS and FinnGen Biobank, and Bayesian Weighted Mendelian Randomization (BWMR) and Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) methods were employed to explore the causal relationship between micronutrients and risk of TB. The robustness and reliability of the results were assessed through horizontal pleiotropy tests, heterogeneity tests, and leave-one-out sensitivity analyses. Results The BWMR results indicated that iron (OR = 0.40, 95% CI : 0.20- 0.79, P = 0.008) and vitamin C (OR = 0.42, 95% CI : 0.20 - 0.87, P = 0.019) were protective factors against TB infection, while no causal relationships were found between other micronutrients with TB infection. The IVW method produced consistent results with BWMR. The results for other micronutrients were robust and reliable (P > 0.05), except for calcium-related Instrumental Variables (IVs), which exhibited heterogeneity (P < 0.05). Conclusion Iron and vitamin C may play a protective role in reducing the risk of TB, whereas the remaining micronutrients show no significant causal relationship with TB.

Objective:To investigate the status of leisure crafting and post competence and their correlation among anesthesia specialist nurses.Methods:A convenience sampling method was used to conducted a questionnaire survey on 280 anesthesia specialist nurses at grade A tertiary hospitals in 19 provinces of China. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, the Chinese version of Leisure Crafting Scale, and the Post Competency Scale for Anesthesia Specialist Nurses. SPSS 24.0 was used for t test and one-way analysis of variance. A Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess relationships between variables. Results:The total score of leisure crafting was (30.41±6.69) and the average score was (3.38±0.74). The total score of post competency was (141.76±21.76) and the average score was (3.73±0.57). A positive correlation was observed between leisure crafting and post competency ( r=0.215, P<0.01). Conclusions:Managers should encourage anesthesia specialist nurses to actively engage in leisure crafting and provide diverse opportunities for leisure crafting to improve their post competence and ultimately the quality of anesthesia nursing.

Objective:To study the intellectual development,mental behavior and social adaptability of children with epilepsy，and to analyze the related factors affecting the intellectual development，mental behavior and social adaptability.Methods:A total of 290 children with epilepsy diagnosed and treated in the department of pediatrics at Hebei General Hospital from January 2017 to January 2022 were randomly selected as study subjects.The Gesell Developmental Negotiation Scale or Wechsler Intelligence Scale was used to comprehensively assess their intellectual development,and they were divided into the retarded intellectual development group( n=121) and the control group( n=169) with normal intellectual development,according to the presence or absence of retarded intellectual development. Results:The differences in disease duration,frequency of epilepsy,status epilepticus，and numbers of antiepileptic drugs between the two groups were statistically significant(all P<0.05),while there were no statistically significant differences in age,gender,age at onset,seizure form,interictal epileptiform discharges,history of febrile convulsions,and the time from onset to initial visit（ P>0.05）.Multifactorial Logistic regression analysis showed that high seizure frequency( OR=0.713， P<0.05),long duration of illness( OR=0.893， P<0.05),and high number of antiepileptic drugs( OR=0.630， P<0.05) were the high-risk factors for the occurrence of retarded intellectual development in children with epilepsy. Conclusion:High frequency of seizures,long duration of the disease and high number of antiepileptic drugs are risk factors for retarded intellectual development in children with epilepsy,and should be prevented and controlled early.Avoidance of multidrug combinations is one of the currently modifiable factors.

Objective:To conduct a cost-utility analysis of Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment(TPT)strategies for Latent Tuberculosis Infection(LTBI)individuals,providing a scientific basis for the implementation of TPT strategies and fund allocation.Methods:Based on a simulated population of 100 000 LTBI individuals,a decision tree-Markov Model was constructed to compare the cost-utility of six TPT strategies over 20 years.Results:Compared with no treatment,3HP-SAT,3HP-DOT,3HR-SAT,3HR-DOT and Vaccae could prevent 91.08％,94.15％,83.49％,87.18％and 53.13％of ATB cases,respectively,and avoid 3.55％,3.70％,3.30％,3.43％,and 2.06％of LTBI individuals from dying of ATB.Except for Vaccae,other schemes could reduce costs and improve QALYs,being absolutely dominant strategies,while Vaccae was a relatively dominant strategy.3HP under DOT was more cost-utility than that under SAT.Sensitivity analysis showed that the utility value of curing ATB was the only parameter affecting the ICUR result,and the model result was stable and reliable.When the WTP threshold was greater than 41 608.54 yuan/QALY,3HP-DOT was better than 3HP-SAT;otherwise,3HP-SAT was the optimal strategy.Conclusion:TPT for LTBI individuals has high cost-utility value.Clarifying the advantages of short-course therapy helps promote the implementation of TPT strategies and contributes to achieving the goal of"ending tuberculosis".

Objective:To investigate the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of pneumoperitoneum-assisted laparoscopic thyroidectomy via the subclavian approach (PSTSA) .Methods:Retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 24 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients who underwent PSTSA,from Nov. 1,2024 to Dec. 31,2024 in Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University was performed. Data including the maximum tumor diameter,surgical duration,volume of drainage fluid,number of lymph nodes cleared,postoperative complications,cosmetic outcomes, and total hospitalization time were recorded.Results:All 24 cases were preoperatively diagnosed with PTC, with 12 female and 12 male patients.All cases were successfully completed without conversion to open surgery.The maximum tumor diameter in the pathological sections was 0.51±0.21 cm,the surgical duration was 71.54±11.62 minutes, the number of central compartment lymph nodes retrieved was 6.29±2.82 units,and the number of positive lymph nodes was 0.46±0.93.No CO2 gas embolism occurred during the surgery,and no postoperative complications such as hoarseness,numbness of hands and feet,or postoperative bleeding were observed.Conclusions:Pneumoperitoneum-assisted laparoscopic thyroidectomy via the subclavian approach (pneumoperitoneum-assisted laparoscopic thyroidectomy via the subclavian approach, PSTSA) is a safe and feasible surgical method for thyroidectomy.

Objective:To study the intellectual development,mental behavior and social adaptability of children with epilepsy，and to analyze the related factors affecting the intellectual development，mental behavior and social adaptability.Methods:A total of 290 children with epilepsy diagnosed and treated in the department of pediatrics at Hebei General Hospital from January 2017 to January 2022 were randomly selected as study subjects.The Gesell Developmental Negotiation Scale or Wechsler Intelligence Scale was used to comprehensively assess their intellectual development,and they were divided into the retarded intellectual development group( n=121) and the control group( n=169) with normal intellectual development,according to the presence or absence of retarded intellectual development. Results:The differences in disease duration,frequency of epilepsy,status epilepticus，and numbers of antiepileptic drugs between the two groups were statistically significant(all P<0.05),while there were no statistically significant differences in age,gender,age at onset,seizure form,interictal epileptiform discharges,history of febrile convulsions,and the time from onset to initial visit（ P>0.05）.Multifactorial Logistic regression analysis showed that high seizure frequency( OR=0.713， P<0.05),long duration of illness( OR=0.893， P<0.05),and high number of antiepileptic drugs( OR=0.630， P<0.05) were the high-risk factors for the occurrence of retarded intellectual development in children with epilepsy. Conclusion:High frequency of seizures,long duration of the disease and high number of antiepileptic drugs are risk factors for retarded intellectual development in children with epilepsy,and should be prevented and controlled early.Avoidance of multidrug combinations is one of the currently modifiable factors.

Objective:To conduct a cost-utility analysis of Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment(TPT)strategies for Latent Tuberculosis Infection(LTBI)individuals,providing a scientific basis for the implementation of TPT strategies and fund allocation.Methods:Based on a simulated population of 100 000 LTBI individuals,a decision tree-Markov Model was constructed to compare the cost-utility of six TPT strategies over 20 years.Results:Compared with no treatment,3HP-SAT,3HP-DOT,3HR-SAT,3HR-DOT and Vaccae could prevent 91.08％,94.15％,83.49％,87.18％and 53.13％of ATB cases,respectively,and avoid 3.55％,3.70％,3.30％,3.43％,and 2.06％of LTBI individuals from dying of ATB.Except for Vaccae,other schemes could reduce costs and improve QALYs,being absolutely dominant strategies,while Vaccae was a relatively dominant strategy.3HP under DOT was more cost-utility than that under SAT.Sensitivity analysis showed that the utility value of curing ATB was the only parameter affecting the ICUR result,and the model result was stable and reliable.When the WTP threshold was greater than 41 608.54 yuan/QALY,3HP-DOT was better than 3HP-SAT;otherwise,3HP-SAT was the optimal strategy.Conclusion:TPT for LTBI individuals has high cost-utility value.Clarifying the advantages of short-course therapy helps promote the implementation of TPT strategies and contributes to achieving the goal of"ending tuberculosis".

Objective:To investigate the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of pneumoperitoneum-assisted laparoscopic thyroidectomy via the subclavian approach (PSTSA) .Methods:Retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 24 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients who underwent PSTSA,from Nov. 1,2024 to Dec. 31,2024 in Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University was performed. Data including the maximum tumor diameter,surgical duration,volume of drainage fluid,number of lymph nodes cleared,postoperative complications,cosmetic outcomes, and total hospitalization time were recorded.Results:All 24 cases were preoperatively diagnosed with PTC, with 12 female and 12 male patients.All cases were successfully completed without conversion to open surgery.The maximum tumor diameter in the pathological sections was 0.51±0.21 cm,the surgical duration was 71.54±11.62 minutes, the number of central compartment lymph nodes retrieved was 6.29±2.82 units,and the number of positive lymph nodes was 0.46±0.93.No CO2 gas embolism occurred during the surgery,and no postoperative complications such as hoarseness,numbness of hands and feet,or postoperative bleeding were observed.Conclusions:Pneumoperitoneum-assisted laparoscopic thyroidectomy via the subclavian approach (pneumoperitoneum-assisted laparoscopic thyroidectomy via the subclavian approach, PSTSA) is a safe and feasible surgical method for thyroidectomy.

Objective To investigate the relationship between Klotho,insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1),and Irisin in the placentas of pregnant rats and the intrauterine development of fetuses.Methods Thirty SD rats were divided into the intrauterine growth restriction(IUGR)experimental animal model group(IUGR group),the macrosomia experimental animal model group(macrosomia fetal group),and the control group ac-cording to different feeding diets(low-protein diet,high-protein diet,and normal diet).All pregnant mice were subjected to laparotomy for tissue sampling on the 21st day of pregnancy.The birth weight,body length,and placental mass of fetal rats were recorded.The relative mRNA expression levels of Klotho,IGF-1,and Irisin in the placentas were detected by quantitative real-time fluorescent reverse transcription-PCR(qRT-PCR),and the correlations between various factors above were analyzed.Results Compared with the control group,the birth weight,body length and placental mass of fetal rats in the IUGR group were lower,while those in the macrosomia fetal group were higher,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the relative mRNA expression levels of Klotho,IGF-1,and Irisin in the IUGR group were de-creased,while those in the macrosomia fetal group were increased,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Correlation analysis showed that Klotho mRNA was positively correlated with the relative expres-sion levels of placental IGF-1 mRNA and Irisin mRNA,and IGF-1 mRNA were also positively correlated with the relative expression level of placental Irisin mRNA(P<0.05).Conclusion Klotho,IGF-1,and Irisin in the placenta are associated with fetal growth and possibly regulated through the Klotho/IGF-1/Irisin axis.

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multifunctional growth factors of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily. They regulate steroid secretion from mammalian granulosa cells, promote granulosa cell survival and proliferation, and inhibit follicular atresia, luteinization, and granulosa cell apoptosis, thereby promoting the development and maturation of mammalian follicles. At the same time, BMPs play an important role in embryonic morphogenesis, induction of uterine receptivity, and blastocyst attachment. This paper describes the effects of BMPs on mammalian follicular and embryonic development and the roles of BMPs in female reproduction, focusing on the process in which BMPs promote follicular maturation by regulating steroid secretion from granulosa cells during mammalian oocyte maturation. This review aims to provide a reference for further research on mammalian oocyte culture and improvement of reproductive efficiency in female animals.
Animals ; Embryonic Development/drug effects* ; Female ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/pharmacology* ; Reproduction/physiology* ; Humans ; Granulosa Cells/cytology* ; Oocytes