ObjectiveTo analyze the correlation between family nurturing care environment and children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or at high risk, and to provide scientific evidence for the tertiary prevention of ASD in children at high risk. MethodsA case-control study, enrolling 30 children with ASD or at high risk for ASD as the case group, and 113 normal children who underwent routine physical examinations at the community health service centers and district maternal and child health care hospital during the same period as the control group, was conducted. The information for maternal pregnancy and childbirth, children, and family nurturing care was collected through the child healthcare system and a self-designed questionnaire survey. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the relevant factors for ASD or high-risk status in children. ResultsMultivariate logistic regression analyses showed that among maternal and child factors, maternal adverse conditions during the3 months before pregnancy and throughout pregnancy (OR=6.026, 95%CI: 1.575‒23.062), and male gender (OR=4.064, 95%CI: 1.046‒15.784) were positively correlated with ASD or high risk status in children (P<0.05). Among family nurturing care factors, unbalanced dietary structure (OR=7.281, 95%CI: 1.819‒29.148) was positively correlated with ASD or high-risk status in children (P<0.05), while paternal companionship >2 h·d^-1 (OR=0.025, 95%CI: 0.001‒0.426) and parent-child interaction with responsive care (OR=0.824, 95%CI: 0.704‒0.963) were negatively correlated with ASD or high-risk status in children (P<0.05). ConclusionFactors positively correlated with ASD or high-risk status in children include maternal adverse conditions during the 3 months before pregnancy and throughout pregnancy, male gender, and unbalanced dietary structure. Factors negatively correlated with it include paternal companionship and parent-child interaction with responsive care. Clinically, comprehensively management of maternal pre-pregnancy and prenatal health, children’s diet and family nurturing care, along with focused developmental monitoring of boys, and efforts toward early detection, early diagnosis and early intervention should be strengthened.

Objective To investigate the regulatory effect of lipocalin 2(LCN2)on epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)phosphorylation and its impact on inflammatory damage in human fallopian tube epithelial cells.Methods Human fallopian tube epithelial cells were isolated and a lipopolysaccharide(LPS)intervention was applied to establish an in vitro cell model.The cells were randomly assigned into the following groups:a blank control group(Control),a model group(Model),experimental groups(Model+si-LCN2 or Model+oe-LCN2),and negative control groups(Model+si-NC or Model+oe-NC).Changes in cell viability,apoptosis rates,inflam-matory levels,as well as the expression of EGFR mRNA,LCN2,EGFR,p-EGFR,and the ratio of p-EGFR/EGFR proteins were evaluated.Results Compared to the Model group,the Model+si-LCN2 group exhibited enhanced cell viability,a reduced apoptosis rate,and decreased expression of inflammatory factors(P＜0.05).Immunopre-cipitation analysis confirmed a direct interaction between LCN2 and EGFR.In comparison with the Model group,the Model+oe-LCN2 group demonstrated elevated levels of p-EGFR and the p-EGFR/EGFR ratio(P＜0.05),while no significant change was observed in total EGFR expression(P＞0.05).Conclusion Inhibition of LCN2-mediated EGFR phosphorylation enhances cell viability,reduces apoptosis,and mitigates inflammatory responses,thereby ameliorating LPS-induced inflammatory injury in human fallopian tube epithelial cells.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trend of hospitalization of the patients with herpes zoster in Beijing from 2017 to 2022.Methods:In this retrospective study, the information of hospitalization of herpes zoster patients were collected from all medical institutions at the first level and above in Xicheng, Changping, and Miyun districts of Beijing. The age and gender specific hospitalization rates and age-standardized hospitalization rates were calculated. Joinpoint regression model was used to explore the trend of the hospitalization rates, and the influencing factors of the hospital stay length and complications were analyzed.Results:The age-standardized hospitalization rate of the patients with herpes zoster was 10.82/100 000-18.43/100 000 in Beijing from 2017 to 2022 [annual percent change (APC) =5.86%, 95% CI: -2.80%-15.98%]. The age-standardized hospitalization rate of the cases with herpes zoster as the main diagnosis showed an upward trend (APC=11.35%, 95% CI: 7.21%-16.23%). The age-standardized hospitalization rate showed an upward trend in women (APC=14.34%, 95% CI: 7.95%-22.37%). The hospitalization rate showed a downward trend in age group 30-39 years (APC=-24.92%, 95% CI: -48.56% - -1.85%) and showed upward trends in age group 70-79 years and 80-109 years (APC=23.18%, 95% CI: 13.53%-35.58%; APC=4.90%, 95% CI: 1.18%-9.19%). Complications occurred in 66.28% (680/1 026) of the patients. The median hospital stay length was 9 (5,15) days, and the patients with high age (≥80 years) and two or more complications had longer hospital stay, which were 12 (6, 23) and 14 (7, 27) days respectively ( P<0.001). Conclusions:The hospitalization rate in women and the elderly aged ≥70 years with herpes zoster as the main diagnosis showed upward trends in Beijing in recent years. The elderly aged ≥80 years usually had longer hospital stay, showing a relatively disease burden level. More attention should be paid to development of intervention strategies, such as vaccine, for this population.

Objective:To understand the incidence rate of herpes zoster (HZ) and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) in Beijing, and analyze the incidence trend of HZ and PHN from 2015 to 2022.Methods:Cases of HZ and PHN from 2015 to 2022 were retrieved from the Hospital Information Systems (HIS) of all primary and above hospitals/clinics in three districts representing the urban, inner suburban, and outer suburban areas of Beijing. After duplication screening, the first visit cases were screened, and the incidence characteristics were described. The incidence rate of HZ and PHN in each year by sex and age group and the age-standardized incidence rate were calculated. The annual percentage increase (APC) of incidence rate was calculated using the Joint regression model, and the change trend was analyzed.Results:The age-standardized incidence rate of HZ in Beijing from 2015 to 2022 ranged from 7.44‰ to 10.05‰, with an average annual incidence rate of 8.95 ‰, significantly increasing with age ( P<0.001). The Joinpoint regression model showed that the overall age-standardized incidence of HZ remained relatively stable, with no significant difference (APC=2.28%, t=1.56, P=0.170). However, the incidence rate among the 0-19-year-old group exhibited a trend of decrease (APC=-10.70%, t=-6.29, P<0.001). For PHN, the age-standardized incidence in Beijing ranged from 0.77‰ to 2.67‰, with an average annual incidence rate of 1.59‰ and a proportion of 9.48% to 26.86% among HZ cases. Both the incidence of PHN and its proportion among HZ cases increased with age ( P<0.001). The age-standardized incidence of PHN increased annually (APC=18.56%, t=9.02, P<0.001). Conclusion:The incidence rate of HZ and PHN in Beijing continues to be at a high level, and PHN shows an increasing trend over time.

Objective:To analyze the efficacy and prognosis of surgical patients with traumatic epidural hematoma straddling the transverse sinus (TEHSTS).Methods:Clinical data of 4 360 patients with epidural hematoma admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology from January 2010 to April 2024 were collected. Among them, 109 cases (2.5%) were diagnosed with TEHSTS. Based on the rapid progression criteria for posterior fossa epidural hematoma [sudden deterioration of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score within hours (a decrease of ≥1 point in the best motor response and/or a decrease of ≥2 points in GCS score), and progressive enlargement of TEHSTS on repeat CT scan], the timing and method of surgery were determined. Two surgical approaches were compared: combined supratentorial and infratentorial craniotomy (craniotomy group) and modified supratentorial burr-hole drainage (burr-hole group). Clinical data, surgical timing, surgical outcomes, and prognosis were compared between the two groups.Results:There were 57 cases (52.3%) in the craniotomy group and 52 cases (47.7%) in the modified burr-hole group. The proportion of patients presenting with vomiting upon admission was higher in the craniotomy group than in the burr-hole group [77.2%(44/57) vs 59.6%(31/52), P=0.048], and the proportion of patients with linear occipital fractures on CT was also higher in the craniotomy group [91.2%(52/57) vs 75.0%(39/52), P=0.023]. No significant differences were observed in other admission symptoms or CT findings between the two groups (all P>0.05). The GCS score upon admission was significantly lower in the craniotomy group [(11.0±1.0)points] than in the modified burr-hole group [(13.0±1.0)points] ( P<0.05). Four cases in the burr-hole group developed delayed hematomas, including two cases of bilateral delayed epidural hematomas. The preoperative GCS score in the craniotomy group [(9.0±0.5)points] was significantly lower than upon admission [(11.0±1.0)points] ( P<0.05), and the surgical timing was (6.5±1.5)hours after injury. The preoperative GCS score in the burr-hole group [(11.5±0.5)points] was also significantly lower than upon admission [(13.0±1.0)points] ( P<0.05), with surgical timing at (19.5±5.5)hours after injury. Preoperative CT scans showed no significant difference in hematoma volume between the burr-hole group [(35.5±7.5)ml] and the craniotomy group [(36.5±9.5)ml] ( P>0.05). The preoperative GCS score was significantly lower in the craniotomy group than in the burr-hole group ( P<0.05). The GCS scores at 24 hours postoperatively were significantly improved compared to preoperative scores in both groups (all P<0.05). The burr-hole group had significantly shorter operative time, less intraoperative blood loss, shorter intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and shorter hospital stay than the craniotomy group (all P<0.01). The incidence of postoperative pulmonary infection was lower in the burr-hole group than in the craniotomy group ( P<0.05). At 3-month follow-up, the rate of good recovery [Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score≥4 points] was significantly higher in the burr-hole group (98.1%) than in the craniotomy group (93.0%) ( P<0.01). Conclusions:TEHSTS should be managed with different surgical approaches based on admission symptoms, GCS score, and the speed of disease progression. The modified burr-hole drainage procedure is convenient, safe, and associated with better prognosis.

Objective To investigate the regulatory effect of lipocalin 2(LCN2)on epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)phosphorylation and its impact on inflammatory damage in human fallopian tube epithelial cells.Methods Human fallopian tube epithelial cells were isolated and a lipopolysaccharide(LPS)intervention was applied to establish an in vitro cell model.The cells were randomly assigned into the following groups:a blank control group(Control),a model group(Model),experimental groups(Model+si-LCN2 or Model+oe-LCN2),and negative control groups(Model+si-NC or Model+oe-NC).Changes in cell viability,apoptosis rates,inflam-matory levels,as well as the expression of EGFR mRNA,LCN2,EGFR,p-EGFR,and the ratio of p-EGFR/EGFR proteins were evaluated.Results Compared to the Model group,the Model+si-LCN2 group exhibited enhanced cell viability,a reduced apoptosis rate,and decreased expression of inflammatory factors(P＜0.05).Immunopre-cipitation analysis confirmed a direct interaction between LCN2 and EGFR.In comparison with the Model group,the Model+oe-LCN2 group demonstrated elevated levels of p-EGFR and the p-EGFR/EGFR ratio(P＜0.05),while no significant change was observed in total EGFR expression(P＞0.05).Conclusion Inhibition of LCN2-mediated EGFR phosphorylation enhances cell viability,reduces apoptosis,and mitigates inflammatory responses,thereby ameliorating LPS-induced inflammatory injury in human fallopian tube epithelial cells.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trend of hospitalization of the patients with herpes zoster in Beijing from 2017 to 2022.Methods:In this retrospective study, the information of hospitalization of herpes zoster patients were collected from all medical institutions at the first level and above in Xicheng, Changping, and Miyun districts of Beijing. The age and gender specific hospitalization rates and age-standardized hospitalization rates were calculated. Joinpoint regression model was used to explore the trend of the hospitalization rates, and the influencing factors of the hospital stay length and complications were analyzed.Results:The age-standardized hospitalization rate of the patients with herpes zoster was 10.82/100 000-18.43/100 000 in Beijing from 2017 to 2022 [annual percent change (APC) =5.86%, 95% CI: -2.80%-15.98%]. The age-standardized hospitalization rate of the cases with herpes zoster as the main diagnosis showed an upward trend (APC=11.35%, 95% CI: 7.21%-16.23%). The age-standardized hospitalization rate showed an upward trend in women (APC=14.34%, 95% CI: 7.95%-22.37%). The hospitalization rate showed a downward trend in age group 30-39 years (APC=-24.92%, 95% CI: -48.56% - -1.85%) and showed upward trends in age group 70-79 years and 80-109 years (APC=23.18%, 95% CI: 13.53%-35.58%; APC=4.90%, 95% CI: 1.18%-9.19%). Complications occurred in 66.28% (680/1 026) of the patients. The median hospital stay length was 9 (5,15) days, and the patients with high age (≥80 years) and two or more complications had longer hospital stay, which were 12 (6, 23) and 14 (7, 27) days respectively ( P<0.001). Conclusions:The hospitalization rate in women and the elderly aged ≥70 years with herpes zoster as the main diagnosis showed upward trends in Beijing in recent years. The elderly aged ≥80 years usually had longer hospital stay, showing a relatively disease burden level. More attention should be paid to development of intervention strategies, such as vaccine, for this population.

Objective:To understand the incidence rate of herpes zoster (HZ) and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) in Beijing, and analyze the incidence trend of HZ and PHN from 2015 to 2022.Methods:Cases of HZ and PHN from 2015 to 2022 were retrieved from the Hospital Information Systems (HIS) of all primary and above hospitals/clinics in three districts representing the urban, inner suburban, and outer suburban areas of Beijing. After duplication screening, the first visit cases were screened, and the incidence characteristics were described. The incidence rate of HZ and PHN in each year by sex and age group and the age-standardized incidence rate were calculated. The annual percentage increase (APC) of incidence rate was calculated using the Joint regression model, and the change trend was analyzed.Results:The age-standardized incidence rate of HZ in Beijing from 2015 to 2022 ranged from 7.44‰ to 10.05‰, with an average annual incidence rate of 8.95 ‰, significantly increasing with age ( P<0.001). The Joinpoint regression model showed that the overall age-standardized incidence of HZ remained relatively stable, with no significant difference (APC=2.28%, t=1.56, P=0.170). However, the incidence rate among the 0-19-year-old group exhibited a trend of decrease (APC=-10.70%, t=-6.29, P<0.001). For PHN, the age-standardized incidence in Beijing ranged from 0.77‰ to 2.67‰, with an average annual incidence rate of 1.59‰ and a proportion of 9.48% to 26.86% among HZ cases. Both the incidence of PHN and its proportion among HZ cases increased with age ( P<0.001). The age-standardized incidence of PHN increased annually (APC=18.56%, t=9.02, P<0.001). Conclusion:The incidence rate of HZ and PHN in Beijing continues to be at a high level, and PHN shows an increasing trend over time.

Objective:To analyze the efficacy and prognosis of surgical patients with traumatic epidural hematoma straddling the transverse sinus (TEHSTS).Methods:Clinical data of 4 360 patients with epidural hematoma admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology from January 2010 to April 2024 were collected. Among them, 109 cases (2.5%) were diagnosed with TEHSTS. Based on the rapid progression criteria for posterior fossa epidural hematoma [sudden deterioration of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score within hours (a decrease of ≥1 point in the best motor response and/or a decrease of ≥2 points in GCS score), and progressive enlargement of TEHSTS on repeat CT scan], the timing and method of surgery were determined. Two surgical approaches were compared: combined supratentorial and infratentorial craniotomy (craniotomy group) and modified supratentorial burr-hole drainage (burr-hole group). Clinical data, surgical timing, surgical outcomes, and prognosis were compared between the two groups.Results:There were 57 cases (52.3%) in the craniotomy group and 52 cases (47.7%) in the modified burr-hole group. The proportion of patients presenting with vomiting upon admission was higher in the craniotomy group than in the burr-hole group [77.2%(44/57) vs 59.6%(31/52), P=0.048], and the proportion of patients with linear occipital fractures on CT was also higher in the craniotomy group [91.2%(52/57) vs 75.0%(39/52), P=0.023]. No significant differences were observed in other admission symptoms or CT findings between the two groups (all P>0.05). The GCS score upon admission was significantly lower in the craniotomy group [(11.0±1.0)points] than in the modified burr-hole group [(13.0±1.0)points] ( P<0.05). Four cases in the burr-hole group developed delayed hematomas, including two cases of bilateral delayed epidural hematomas. The preoperative GCS score in the craniotomy group [(9.0±0.5)points] was significantly lower than upon admission [(11.0±1.0)points] ( P<0.05), and the surgical timing was (6.5±1.5)hours after injury. The preoperative GCS score in the burr-hole group [(11.5±0.5)points] was also significantly lower than upon admission [(13.0±1.0)points] ( P<0.05), with surgical timing at (19.5±5.5)hours after injury. Preoperative CT scans showed no significant difference in hematoma volume between the burr-hole group [(35.5±7.5)ml] and the craniotomy group [(36.5±9.5)ml] ( P>0.05). The preoperative GCS score was significantly lower in the craniotomy group than in the burr-hole group ( P<0.05). The GCS scores at 24 hours postoperatively were significantly improved compared to preoperative scores in both groups (all P<0.05). The burr-hole group had significantly shorter operative time, less intraoperative blood loss, shorter intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and shorter hospital stay than the craniotomy group (all P<0.01). The incidence of postoperative pulmonary infection was lower in the burr-hole group than in the craniotomy group ( P<0.05). At 3-month follow-up, the rate of good recovery [Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score≥4 points] was significantly higher in the burr-hole group (98.1%) than in the craniotomy group (93.0%) ( P<0.01). Conclusions:TEHSTS should be managed with different surgical approaches based on admission symptoms, GCS score, and the speed of disease progression. The modified burr-hole drainage procedure is convenient, safe, and associated with better prognosis.

Objective To investigate the effects of platelet-rich plasma-derived exosomes(PRP-Exos)on the proliferation and migration of tendon stem/progenitor cell(TSPC).Methods PRP-Exos were extracted through the combination of polymer-based precipitation and ultracentrifugation.The morphology,concentration,and particle size of PRP-Exos were identified by transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis.The expression levels of surface marker proteins on PRP-Exos and platelet membrane glycoproteins were deter-mined by Western blot analysis.Rat TSPC was extracted and cultured,and the expression of surface marker mol-ecules on TSPC was detected using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining.The proliferation of TSPC in-fluenced by PRP-Exos was evaluated using CCK-8 assay and EdU assay.The effect of PRP-Exos on the migration of TSPC was evaluated by cell scratch assay and Transwell assay.Results The extracted PRP-Exos exhibit typi-cal saucer-like structures,with a concentration of 4.9 ×1011 particles/mL,an average particle size of(132.2±56.8)nm,and surface expression of CD9,CD63 and CD41.The extracted TSPC expressed the CD44 pro-tein.PRP-Exos can be taken up by TSPC,and after co-cultured for 48 h,concentrations of 50 and 100 μg/mL of PRP-Exos significantly promoted the proliferation of TSPC(both P＜0.001),with no statistical difference be-tween the two concentrations(P=0.283).Additionally,after co-cultured for 24 h,50 μg/mL of PRP-Exos significantly promoted the migration of TSPC(P＜0.001).Conclusion Under in vitro culture conditions,PRP-Exos significantly promote the proliferation and migration of rat TSPC.