Objective: To apply network analysis for exploring the relationship of maltreatment experiences and peer relationships with school bullying among middle school students, so as to provide empirical evidences for the development of targeted intervention programs. Methods: From March to April 2024, a total of 2 119 middle school students aged 12-18 in Shantou City were selected through stratified cluster random sampling. Self administered questionnaire was used to collect data on bullying experiences, maltreatment, and peer relationships. The Glasso network model was employed to estimate network structure. Results: The strongest edge in the network of maltreatment experiences, peer relationships and school bullying was the connecting line connecting peer acceptance and peer terrorized low self esteem (edge weight=0.59) among middle school students. The network faked fraudulent victimization was the most central node in the whole network (strength=7.98). The bridge symptoms of the network were sexual abuse, property bullying of others, relational bullying victimization, and verbal bullying of others, with the strongest bridge node being sexual abuse (bridge strength=1.07). In the accuracy estimation of centrality indices, closeness centrality demonstrated the highest accuracy, followed by strength and betweenness, with coefficient of stability of 0.60, 0.44 and 0.21, respectively. The stability of the network was good. Conclusion Peer acceptance has the strongest correlation with peer fear and inferiority, and is closely related to emotional abuse and emotional neglect.

OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents continues to rise, becoming one of the most serious global public health issues of the 21st century. Given the differing growth and development environments between urban and rural children, associated risk factors also vary. This study aims to explore the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of overweight and obesity among urban and rural primary and secondary school students in Hunan Province, providing scientific evidence for targeted interventions. METHODS: A stratified, randomized cluster sampling method was used to select participants. A total of 197 084 students from primary and secondary schools across 14 prefectures in Hunan Province underwent physical examinations and questionnaire surveys. Population and spatial distribution characteristics of overweight and obesity were analyzed. Spatial distribution maps and spatial autocorrelation analyses were conducted using ArcGIS. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to identify influencing factors for overweight and obesity. RESULTS: The overall overweight and obesity rates among students in Hunan Province were 14.7% and 10.9%, respectively. Both rates were higher in urban areas than in rural counties (16.0% vs 13.9% for overweight; 12.1% vs 10.2% for obesity). Among both urban and rural students, boys had higher rates of overweight and obesity than girls. Higher-grade students had a higher overweight rate but a lower obesity rate than lower-grade students. In urban areas, the overweight and obesity rates of Han Chinese primary and secondary school students are lower than those of ethnic minority students (both P<0.05). In rural areas, the obesity rate of Han primary and secondary school students is lower than that of ethnic students (P<0.05). Across cities and prefectures, urban overweight and obesity rates ranged from 14.7% to 18.7% and 8.4% to 20.6% respectively, while rural rates ranged from 10.9% to 17.2% and 6.6% to 13.7% respectively. Spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed high-value clusters of overweight/obesity in urban areas of Changde and Zhangjiajie, and in rural areas of Loudi, Huaihua, and Shaoyang. Multivariate Logistic regression showed that gender, school stage, ethnicity, frequency of fresh vegetable intake, and sleep duration were associated with overweight and/or obesity in both urban and rural students. In urban students, frequency of fried food and fresh fruit intake, breakfast habits, physical activity on weekdays and holidays, and screen time on computers were also significant. In rural students, TV viewing time and sedentary duration were additional relevant factors. CONCLUSIONS The situation of overweight and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Hunan Province remains concerning. Greater attention should be paid to regions with high-value clusters of overweight/obesity, and targeted interventions should be developed based on urban-rural differences in influencing factors.
Humans ; China/epidemiology* ; Adolescent ; Male ; Female ; Rural Population/statistics & numerical data* ; Child ; Overweight/epidemiology* ; Students/statistics & numerical data* ; Urban Population/statistics & numerical data* ; Risk Factors ; Prevalence ; Obesity/epidemiology* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology* ; Schools

Objective To explore the activation of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)signaling pathway and the expressions of the associated inflammatory factors in NPHP1-defective renal tubular epithelial cells.Methods A human proximal renal tubular cell(HK2)model of lentivirus-mediated NPHP1 knockdown(NPHP1KD)was constructed,and the expressions of TNF-α,p38,and C/EBPβ and the inflammatory factors CXCL5,CCL20,IL-1β,IL-6 and MCP-1 were detected using RT-qPCR,Western blotting or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.A small interfering RNA(siRNA)was transfected in wild-type and NPHP1KDHK2 cells,and the changes in the expressions of TNF-α,p38,and C/EBPβ and the inflammatory factors were examined.Results NPHP1KDHK2 cells showed significantly increased mRNA expressions of TNF-α,C/EBPβ,CXCL5,IL-1β,and IL-6(P<0.05),protein expressions of phospho-p38 and C/EBPβ(P<0.05),and IL-6 level in the culture supernatant(P<0.05),and these changes were significantly blocked by transfection of cells with siRNA-C/EBPβ(P<0.05).Conclusion TNF-α signaling pathway is activated and its associated inflammatory factors are upregulated in NPHP1KDHK2 cells,and C/EBPβ may serve as a key transcription factor to mediate these changes.

Objective To analyze the research hotspots and development in the field of post-stroke pneumonia over the past decade. Methods The English literature on post-stroke pneumonia in the Web of Science Core Collection database from January,2014 to June,2024 was retrieved,and analyzed using CiteSpace 6.3.R1 software. Results A total of 1 681 papers were included.The number of publications gradually increased from 2014 to 2021,and decreased from 2022 to 2024,but still more than 2014 overall.The United States and China were the countries with the highest number of publications,and most of the institutions with a high number of publications were uni-versities,while independent collaborative networks were found among the authors.Hot keywords included dys-phagia,management and venous thromboembolism,etc.;and the bursting words appeared within the last three years were scale score and mechanical thrombectomy. Conclusion The researches related to post-stroke pneumonia present an inverted U-shape in the past ten years.The rela-tionship and risk management of post-stroke pneumonia with dysphagia and venous thromboembolism are the main hotspots in the researches.The studies may tend to explore the sensitivity of the integration scale for post-stroke pneumonia and the control of risk factors during mechanical thrombectomy.

End-stage liver diseases,such as cirrhosis and liver cancer caused by hepatitis B,are often combined with hepatic encephalopathy(HE);ammonia poisoning is posited as one of its main pathogenesis mechanisms.Ammonia is closely related to autophagy,but the molecular mechanism of ammonia's regulatory effect on autophagy in HE remains unclear.Sialylation is an essential form of glycosylation.In the nervous system,abnormal sialylation affects various physiological processes,such as neural development and synapse formation.ST3 β-galactoside α2,3-sialyltransferase 6(ST3GAL6)is one of the significant glycosyltransferases responsible for adding α2,3-linked sialic acid to substrates and generating glycan structures.We found that the expression of ST3GAL6 was upregulated in the brains of mice with HE and in astrocytes after ammonia induction,and the expression levels of α2,3-sialylated glycans and autophagy-related proteins microtubule-associated protein light chain 3(LC3)and Beclin-1 were upregulated in ammonia-induced astrocytes.These findings suggest that ST3GAL6 is related to autophagy in HE.Therefore,we aimed to determine the regulatory relationship between ST3GAL6 and autophagy.We found that silencing ST3GAL6 and blocking or degrading α2,3-sialylated glycans by way of Maackia amurensis lectin-Ⅱ(MAL-Ⅱ)and neuraminidase can inhibit autophagy.In addition,silencing the expression of ST3GAL6 can downregulate the expression of heat shock protein β8(HSPB8)and Bcl2-associated athanogene 3(BAG3).Notably,the overexpression of HSPB8 partially restored the reduced autophagy levels caused by silencing ST3GAL6 expression.Our results indicate that ST3GAL6 regulates autophagy through the HSPB8-BAG3 complex.

Objective To classify and analyze the existing animal models of vertigo based on the clinical characteristics of Chinese and Western medicines,evaluate the clinical fit of the models,and their advantages and disadvantages,to improve the existing animal models and provide a more intuitive reference for clinical research.Methods The existing animal models of vertigo in the database from January 2000 to March 2023 were searched,and the models were classified by the modeling method combined with the characteristics of Chinese and Western medicine clinical conditions of vertigo and the existing animal model evaluation method,and assigned values to evaluate the clinical fit and the advantages and disadvantages of the models.Results The existing animal models of vertigo were neck surgery,motor stimulation,otogenic stimulation,sclerotherapy injection,flight variation pressure,vertebral artery ligation,and stasis injection models.Among them,the Western medical fit was high for the neck surgery model(65％)and otogenic stimulation model(65％).All models had a moderate Chinese medical fit(50％≤fit＜60％)or low(fit＜50％)TCM anast omosis.No model had both high Chinese and Western medicines anastomosis.Conclusions The animal models of vertigo are mainly Western medicine disease models,Chinese medicine evidence models are lacking,and few models have a high clinical fit between Chinese and Western medicines,which fail to highlight the characteristics of Chinese medicine.Therefore,the establishment of animal models of vertigo that are closely integrated with the clinical characteristics of Chinese and Western medicines may provide more reasonable and comprehensive experimental support for the development,screening,and clinical evaluation of new anti-vertigo drugs.

Objective To optimize the method of combining azomethane oxide(AOM)and dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)to create a colitis-associated colon cancer(CAC)model,and to explore the pathogenesis of the intestinal flora in CAC.Methods Model groups A and B were established by one and two injections of AOM,respectively,combined with free drinking of DSS,and a normal control group was injected intraperitoneally with normal saline combined with purified water(n=10 mice per group).The better modeling scheme was selected by comprehensive evaluation of the disease activity index score,colon length,tumor rate,and mortality.Serum levels of interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and tumor markers CA199,CEA,and CA724 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Colon lesions were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining.Changes in the intestinal microbiota in CAC mice were detected by 16S rDNA high-throughput gene sequencing analysis of mouse feces.Results Both single and enhanced AOM injections combined with DSS induced CAC mice;however,colon growths were larger,more closely arranged,and their morphological size was more consistent in group B compared with group A,with a tumor-formation rate of 100％.IL-6 levels were increased in the model group compared with the normal group(P＜0.05).TNF-α levels were increased in the model group compared with the normal group(P＞0.05).The CA199 and CEA levels were also significantly increased(P＜0.05),but CA724 levels were not.Infiltration of inflammatory cells in the colon detected by HE pathology was accompanied by high-grade intraepithelial tumor-like changes on the surface of the lumen.The diversity and abundance of intestinal bacteria were decreased in CAC mice compared with normal mice:phyla Verrucomicrobiota and Actinobacteriota were significantly increased(P＜0.05),Bacteroidota and Campilobacterota were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).Akkermansia,Prevotellaceae,Ruminococcus,and Bifidobacterium were significantly increased(P＜0.05),and Roseburia,Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group,Anaeroplasma,and Muribaculaceae were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusions Two injections of AOM combined with 1.5％(1.5 g/100 mL)DSS induced CAC model mice with a high colon-tumorigenesis rate,uniform tumor morphology,and low mortality,and may thus be the preferred modeling scheme for pharmacodynamic experiments.Disorders or dysfunction of the intestinal flora may lead to increased permeability,loss of intestinal mucosal barrier function,and the release of enterogenic endotoxins,Resultsing in a sustained inflammatory response,as an indirect or direct cause of CAC pathogenesis.

Objective:To explore the current situation and influencing factors of quality of life of septic patients in intensive care unit (ICU) after discharge, and to provide theoretical basis for clinical early psychological intervention and continuity of care.Methods:A prospective observational study was conducted. The septic patients who were hospitalized in the department of critical care medicine of the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University and discharged with improvement from January 1 to December 31, 2022 were selected as the research objects. The demographic information, basic diseases, infection site, vital signs at ICU admission, severity scores of the condition within 24 hours after ICU admission, various biochemical indexes, treatment process, and prognostic indexes of all the patients were recorded. All patients were assessed by questionnaire at 3 months of discharge using the 36-item short-form health survey scale (SF-36 scale), the activities of daily living scale (ADL scale), and the Montreal cognitive assessment scale (MoCA scale). Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the factors influencing the quality of life of septic patients after discharge from the hospital.Results:A total of 200 septic patients were discharged with improvement and followed up at 3 months of discharge, of which 150 completed the questionnaire. Of the 150 patients, 57 had sepsis and 93 had septic shock. The total SF-36 scale score of septic patients at 3 months of discharge was 81.4±23.0, and the scores of dimensions were, in descending order, role-emotional (83.4±23.0), mental health (82.9±23.6), bodily pain (82.8±23.3), vitality (81.6±23.2), physical function (81.4±23.5), general health (81.1±23.3), role-physical (79.5±27.0), and social function (78.8±25.2). There was no statistically significant difference in the total SF-36 scale score between the patients with sepsis and septic shock (82.6±22.0 vs. 80.7±23.6, P > 0.05). Incorporating the statistically significant indicators from linear univariate analysis into multiple linear regression analysis, and the results showed that the factors influencing the quality of life of septic patients at 3 months after discharge included ADL scale score at 3 months after discharge [ β= 0.741, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 0.606 to 0.791, P < 0.001], length of ICU stay ( β= -0.209, 95% CI was -0.733 to -0.208, P = 0.001), duration of mechanical ventilation ( β= 0.147, 95% CI was 0.122 to 0.978, P = 0.012), total dosage of norepinephrine ( β= -0.111, 95% CI was -0.044 to -0.002, P = 0.028), mean arterial pressure (MAP) at ICU admission ( β= -0.102, 95% CI was -0.203 to -0.007, P = 0.036) and body weight ( β= 0.097, 95% CI was 0.005 to 0.345, P = 0.044). Conclusions:The quality of life of patients with sepsis at 3 months after discharge is at a moderately high level. The influencing factors of the quality of life of patients with sepsis at 3 months after discharge include the ADL scale score at 3 months after discharge, the length of ICU stay, the duration of mechanical ventilation, the total dosage of norepinephrine, MAP at ICU admission and body weight, and healthcare professionals should enhance the treatment and care of the patients during their hospitalization based on the above influencing factors, and pay attention to early psychological intervention and continued care for such patients.

Objective To explore the activation of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)signaling pathway and the expressions of the associated inflammatory factors in NPHP1-defective renal tubular epithelial cells.Methods A human proximal renal tubular cell(HK2)model of lentivirus-mediated NPHP1 knockdown(NPHP1KD)was constructed,and the expressions of TNF-α,p38,and C/EBPβ and the inflammatory factors CXCL5,CCL20,IL-1β,IL-6 and MCP-1 were detected using RT-qPCR,Western blotting or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.A small interfering RNA(siRNA)was transfected in wild-type and NPHP1KDHK2 cells,and the changes in the expressions of TNF-α,p38,and C/EBPβ and the inflammatory factors were examined.Results NPHP1KDHK2 cells showed significantly increased mRNA expressions of TNF-α,C/EBPβ,CXCL5,IL-1β,and IL-6(P<0.05),protein expressions of phospho-p38 and C/EBPβ(P<0.05),and IL-6 level in the culture supernatant(P<0.05),and these changes were significantly blocked by transfection of cells with siRNA-C/EBPβ(P<0.05).Conclusion TNF-α signaling pathway is activated and its associated inflammatory factors are upregulated in NPHP1KDHK2 cells,and C/EBPβ may serve as a key transcription factor to mediate these changes.