Objective:To evaluate whether the reconstructed image on the basis of deep learning(DL)can improve the success rate and display quality of automatic segmentation of computed tomography(CT)with ultralow dose for chest of children on airway.Methods:The clinical data of 41 consecutive cases who adopted ultralow dose CT to underwent reexamination on chest at Beijing Children's Hospital,Capital Medical University from February 2020 to September 2020 were selected,whose average age was(4.43±1.61 years).The scan protocol of ultralow dose CT was(0.05 mGy).The reconstructed images included 6 groups,which were respectively filtered reflection projection(FBP)image with 0.625 mm thickness,50%adaptive iterative recombination(ASIR-V)images,100%ASIR-V images,low energy DL(DL-L),medium energy DL(DL-M),and high energy DL(DL-H).The automatically segmentation software was used to conduct automatically segmentation for airway,and the success rate of automatic segmentation was recorded.For images that were successful segmented,a 5-point scale was adopted to subjectively evaluate the displayed quality for airway(5 point is the best).In addition,the CT values and noise values of the images of 6 groups for airway were objectively measured.Results:The success rate of automatic segmentation of DL-H image was the highest(60.98%),and that of the 100%ASIR-V was the lowest(39.02%).The subjective score of DL-H image of the automatic segmentation was the highest(4.06±0.55)point,and that of 100%ASIR-V was the lowest(2.44±0.76)point.DL-H can display more fine and small airways.The noise values of objective measurement showed that both of DL-H and 100%ASIR-V had the lowest noise value,and there was no statistical difference in that between them.Conclusion:The use of high energy deep learning iterative reconstruction(DLIR)algorithm can improve the success rate and display effect of automatic segmentation of ultralow dose CT for chest of children on airway,and DLIR is contribute to improve the accuracy of automatic segmentation algorithm of artificial intelligence.

Pyroptosis is a kind of programmed cell death,which is not only related to colorectal cancer,bladder cancer,gastric cancer,breast cancer and other tumors,but also related to cervical cancer,ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer.In recent years,the diagnosis and treatment of gynecological tumors have been improved,but their incidence and mortality are still high,which seriously threaten women's health.The current difficulty in treating gynecological tumors is reflected in the chemotherapy resistance of cervical cancer,the difficulty in early detection of ovarian cancer,the rapid progression and easy recurrence of late stage ovarian cancer,and the poor prognosis of late stage endometrial cancer.Therefore,this article reviews the roles of pyroptosis in the occurrence and development of gynecologic tumors,in order to provide clues for early diagnosis and treatment of gynecological tumors.

Pyroptosis is a kind of programmed cell death,which is not only related to colorectal cancer,bladder cancer,gastric cancer,breast cancer and other tumors,but also related to cervical cancer,ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer.In recent years,the diagnosis and treatment of gynecological tumors have been improved,but their incidence and mortality are still high,which seriously threaten women's health.The current difficulty in treating gynecological tumors is reflected in the chemotherapy resistance of cervical cancer,the difficulty in early detection of ovarian cancer,the rapid progression and easy recurrence of late stage ovarian cancer,and the poor prognosis of late stage endometrial cancer.Therefore,this article reviews the roles of pyroptosis in the occurrence and development of gynecologic tumors,in order to provide clues for early diagnosis and treatment of gynecological tumors.

Objective:To evaluate whether the reconstructed image on the basis of deep learning(DL)can improve the success rate and display quality of automatic segmentation of computed tomography(CT)with ultralow dose for chest of children on airway.Methods:The clinical data of 41 consecutive cases who adopted ultralow dose CT to underwent reexamination on chest at Beijing Children's Hospital,Capital Medical University from February 2020 to September 2020 were selected,whose average age was(4.43±1.61 years).The scan protocol of ultralow dose CT was(0.05 mGy).The reconstructed images included 6 groups,which were respectively filtered reflection projection(FBP)image with 0.625 mm thickness,50%adaptive iterative recombination(ASIR-V)images,100%ASIR-V images,low energy DL(DL-L),medium energy DL(DL-M),and high energy DL(DL-H).The automatically segmentation software was used to conduct automatically segmentation for airway,and the success rate of automatic segmentation was recorded.For images that were successful segmented,a 5-point scale was adopted to subjectively evaluate the displayed quality for airway(5 point is the best).In addition,the CT values and noise values of the images of 6 groups for airway were objectively measured.Results:The success rate of automatic segmentation of DL-H image was the highest(60.98%),and that of the 100%ASIR-V was the lowest(39.02%).The subjective score of DL-H image of the automatic segmentation was the highest(4.06±0.55)point,and that of 100%ASIR-V was the lowest(2.44±0.76)point.DL-H can display more fine and small airways.The noise values of objective measurement showed that both of DL-H and 100%ASIR-V had the lowest noise value,and there was no statistical difference in that between them.Conclusion:The use of high energy deep learning iterative reconstruction(DLIR)algorithm can improve the success rate and display effect of automatic segmentation of ultralow dose CT for chest of children on airway,and DLIR is contribute to improve the accuracy of automatic segmentation algorithm of artificial intelligence.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic ligation and injection sclerotherapy for internal hemorrhoids.Methods:From April 2020 to October 2023, 106 patients with grade Ⅰ to Ⅲ internal hemorrhoids who underwent endoscopic ligation or injection sclerotherapy in the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu Province People's Hospital) were consecutively enrolled in the retrospective cohort study. Patients were divided into the ligation group ( n=70) and the injection sclerotherapy group ( n=36) according to the endoscopic treatment methods. The effective rate, hospital stay, postoperative pain, the incidence of complications, patient satisfaction and the recurrence rate of the two groups were assessed. Results:The effective rate was 95.7% (67/70) and 100.0% (36/36) respectively in the ligation group and the injection sclerotherapy group without significant difference ( P=0.549). The hospital stay was 6.0 (4.0, 7.3) days and 3.0 (2.0, 4.0) days respectively in the ligation group and the injection sclerotherapy group with significant difference ( Z=4.305, P<0.001). The incidence of 24-hour postoperative pain was 58.6% (41/70) and 11.1% (4/36) in the two groups respectively and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=20.020, P<0.001). There were no serious postoperative adverse events such as anal stenosis or thrombotic external hemorrhoids in the two groups. Only the incidence of anal distension was significantly different between the ligation group and the injection sclerotherapy group [38.6% (27/70) VS 5.6% (2/36), χ2=11.431, P<0.001]. The patient satisfaction rate of the two groups showed no significant difference [87.1% (61/70) VS 86.1% (31/36), P=1.000]. There was 1 patient and 15 patients lost to follow-up respectively in the ligation group and the injection sclerotherapy group, and the recurrence rate of the two groups showed no significant difference [14.5% (10/69) VS 33.3% (7/21), P=0.064]. Subgroup analysis of grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ internal hemorrhoids: there were 43 patients and 29 patients in the ligation group and the injection sclerotherapy group, respectively. No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of the effective rate, incidence of postoperative hemorrhage, incidence of uroschesis, or patient satisfaction rate ( P>0.05). The incidences of postoperative pain [65.1% (28/43) VS 10.3% (3/29), χ 2=19.016, P<0.001] and anal distension [41.9% (18/43) VS 3.4% (1/29), χ 2=11.252, P<0.001] of the ligation group were significantly higher than those of the injection sclerotherapy group. Forty-three patients in the ligation group and 17 patients in the injection sclerotherapy group completed follow-up, and the recurrence rate was 11.6% (5/43) and 23.5% (4/17), respectively, without significant difference ( P=0.256). Subgroup analysis of grade Ⅲ internal hemorrhoids: there were 27 patients in the ligation group and 7 patients in the injection sclerotherapy group, and 26 and 4 patients completed follow-up, with a recurrence rate of 19.2% (5/26) and 75.0% (3/4), respectively. Conclusion:Endoscopic ligation and injection sclerotherapy are both safe and effective for grade Ⅰ-Ⅲ internal hemorrhoids. Injection sclerotherapy demonstrates shorter hospital stays and lower incidences of postoperative pain and anal distension. For grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ internal hemorrhoids, injection sclerotherapy is recommended due to its efficacy and fewer complications. Conversely, for grade Ⅲ internal hemorrhoids, ligation is suggested to reduce recurrence rates.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic ligation and injection sclerotherapy for internal hemorrhoids.Methods:From April 2020 to October 2023, 106 patients with grade Ⅰ to Ⅲ internal hemorrhoids who underwent endoscopic ligation or injection sclerotherapy in the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu Province People's Hospital) were consecutively enrolled in the retrospective cohort study. Patients were divided into the ligation group ( n=70) and the injection sclerotherapy group ( n=36) according to the endoscopic treatment methods. The effective rate, hospital stay, postoperative pain, the incidence of complications, patient satisfaction and the recurrence rate of the two groups were assessed. Results:The effective rate was 95.7% (67/70) and 100.0% (36/36) respectively in the ligation group and the injection sclerotherapy group without significant difference ( P=0.549). The hospital stay was 6.0 (4.0, 7.3) days and 3.0 (2.0, 4.0) days respectively in the ligation group and the injection sclerotherapy group with significant difference ( Z=4.305, P<0.001). The incidence of 24-hour postoperative pain was 58.6% (41/70) and 11.1% (4/36) in the two groups respectively and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=20.020, P<0.001). There were no serious postoperative adverse events such as anal stenosis or thrombotic external hemorrhoids in the two groups. Only the incidence of anal distension was significantly different between the ligation group and the injection sclerotherapy group [38.6% (27/70) VS 5.6% (2/36), χ2=11.431, P<0.001]. The patient satisfaction rate of the two groups showed no significant difference [87.1% (61/70) VS 86.1% (31/36), P=1.000]. There was 1 patient and 15 patients lost to follow-up respectively in the ligation group and the injection sclerotherapy group, and the recurrence rate of the two groups showed no significant difference [14.5% (10/69) VS 33.3% (7/21), P=0.064]. Subgroup analysis of grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ internal hemorrhoids: there were 43 patients and 29 patients in the ligation group and the injection sclerotherapy group, respectively. No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of the effective rate, incidence of postoperative hemorrhage, incidence of uroschesis, or patient satisfaction rate ( P>0.05). The incidences of postoperative pain [65.1% (28/43) VS 10.3% (3/29), χ 2=19.016, P<0.001] and anal distension [41.9% (18/43) VS 3.4% (1/29), χ 2=11.252, P<0.001] of the ligation group were significantly higher than those of the injection sclerotherapy group. Forty-three patients in the ligation group and 17 patients in the injection sclerotherapy group completed follow-up, and the recurrence rate was 11.6% (5/43) and 23.5% (4/17), respectively, without significant difference ( P=0.256). Subgroup analysis of grade Ⅲ internal hemorrhoids: there were 27 patients in the ligation group and 7 patients in the injection sclerotherapy group, and 26 and 4 patients completed follow-up, with a recurrence rate of 19.2% (5/26) and 75.0% (3/4), respectively. Conclusion:Endoscopic ligation and injection sclerotherapy are both safe and effective for grade Ⅰ-Ⅲ internal hemorrhoids. Injection sclerotherapy demonstrates shorter hospital stays and lower incidences of postoperative pain and anal distension. For grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ internal hemorrhoids, injection sclerotherapy is recommended due to its efficacy and fewer complications. Conversely, for grade Ⅲ internal hemorrhoids, ligation is suggested to reduce recurrence rates.

Objective:To explore the efficacy of subcutaneous injection of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in preventing invasive fungal disease (IFD) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM).Methods:The clinical data of 222 patients who were admitted to the Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University from January 2015 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients was given GM-CSF (3-5 μg·kg -1·d -1, GM-CSF group) or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF, 2-5 μg·kg -1·d -1, G-CSF group) when neutrophils (ANC) ≤1.5×10 9/L after induction chemotherapy. Patients were discontinued when white blood cell count (WBC) ≥10.0×10 9/L. The incidence of IFD (including confirmed, clinical and proposed diagnosis) and breakthrough invasive fungal infections was compared between the two groups. Results:The incidence of IFD was 8.1% (18/222) in all patients. The incidence of IFD was 3.5% (3/85) and 10.9% (15/137) in the GM-CSF and G-CSF groups, respectively, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( χ2 = 3.88, P = 0.049). In 9 patients of GM-CSF group receiving fungal infection prophylaxis and in 15 patients of G-CSF group receiving fungal infection prophylaxis, the incidence of breakthrough invasive fungal infections was 0 and 7 cases, respectively, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P = 0.022). Conclusions:GM-CSF application in MM patients can reduce the incidence of IFD and breakthrough invasive fungal infections.

Objective:To investigate the indication, effectiveness, tolerance, and safety of levosimendan in patients with acute heart failure (AHF) in 20 hospitals in Beijing, China.Methods:This prospective, observational, and multicenter study consecutively enrolled AHF patients who were treated with levosimendan at 20 hospitals in Beijing from April 2020 to March 2022. Baseline demographics, laboratory parameters, clinical presentation, concomitant diseases and medications were collected. After initiation of levosimendan, levosimendan administration, laboratory parameter pre- and post-administration, symptoms improvement, and adverse events were also collected.Results:Totally 800 AHF patients were included, 67% of whom were male, aged (65 ±17) years, 50% of whom had ischemic heart disease, and the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was (36±11)%. The dose of levosimendan was (11.84 ±2.11) mg and the mean infusion time was (1 450±307) min. Dyspnea was improved in 83.4% of AHF patients at 24 h after treatment. The level of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) significantly decreased from 689 (406-1509) pg/mL to 410 (156-697) pg/mL in all patients at 24-72 h after treatment ( P<0.001), and the level of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP) decreased from 6910 (3 715-13 914) pg/mL to 2 851 (1 288-6 191) pg/mL ( P<0.001). Meanwhile, LVEF level also improved significantly [(40±11)% vs. (36±11)%, P<0.001]. During levosimendan administration, adverse events occurred in 74 (9.3%) patients, including hypotension (5.9%), arrhythmia (1.9%), and other symptoms (1.1%). Among them, 7 patients ( 2 patients with hypotension and 5 patients with ventricular tachycardia) interrupted levosimendan administration. Conclusions:The use of levosimendan is safe, and can improve symptoms reduce BNP or NT-pro BNP levels and increase LVEF level in AHF patients.

Objective To investigate the effect of scan table on size-specific dose estimate ( size-specific dose estimate, SSDE) in children's CT scan. Methods CT imaging data and CTDIvol of 44 children ( 15 heads, 13 chests, 16 abdomen-pelvis) who underwent Siemens SOMATOM Definition AS+ 64 row 128-slice CT scan were retrospectively collected. CTDIvol of each patient was recored, WED ( water equivalent diameter) was calculated by two different methods ( with or without table) , donated as WED-T and WED-NT, then the corresponding SSDEWED ( SSDEWED-T and SSDEWED-NT ) was calculated. And the SSDEWED-NT was used as reference to evaluate the difference between WED and SSDEWED obtained by two different methods. Results Including part of table will lead to the overestimate for WED, with mean differences of 0. 10％, 2. 82％ and 2. 54％ for head, chest and abdomen-pelvis, respectively, while SSDEWED will be underestimated by 0. 06％ ( head ) , 2. 70％ ( chest ) and 1. 59％ ( abdomen-pelvis ) . Conclusions Including par of the patient table has a certain effect on SSDEWED for children, more attention should be paid for the application of SSDEWED.

Objective To detect the expression of β-catenin in the tissues of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), and to discuss its function in PCNSL.Methods The paraffin embedded tissues from 10 patients diagnosed as PCNSL from October 2010 to April 2012 were collected as the experimental group.The paraffin embedded tissues from 10 patients with lymphadenitis were collected as the control group.Quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemical method were used to detect the expression of β-catenin in these tissues, and the relationships between β-catenin and clinical data were analyzed.Results Immunohistochemistry results showed that β-catenin protein was localized in the cytoplasm and (or) nucleus.Among 10 PCNSL patients, β-catenin protein was positive in 4 patients, while it was no positive in all of 10 lymphadenitis patients, with the significant differences between both groups (P ＜ 0.05).The β-catenin gene relative expression level was 4.70±0.57 and 1.00±0.27 in the experimental group and the control group, respectively.β-catenin expression was no correlation to age, PS score, cerebrospinal fluid protein level and serum lactate dehydrogenase level of patients with PCNSL.Conclusions Whether in mRNA level or in protein level, β-catenin expression is always high in PCNSL tissues, and its protein is expressed in the cytoplasm, however, this phenomenon was not observed in the tissue of lymphadenitis.