Objective To conduct a unique and pioneering molecular epidemiological investigation of a case of Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza identified in Yunnan Province in 2022(the fourth such case in the province)and to understand its genetic characteristics so as to reveal its potential impact on human health.Methods Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR detection technology was used for the nucleic acid testing of the case's pharyngeal swab samples,close contacts,and environmental samples from the living area.Positive samples were subjected to virus isolation using MDCK cells.Cell cultures were authenticated using erythrocyte agglutination assay with guinea pig blood and real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR.Whole genome sequencing was performed using the Illumina MiseqNext-generation sequencing platform,and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA 7.0 software to analyze the genetic molecular characteristics.Results The first G5 genotype Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza virus in Yunnan Province was successfully isolated,and the whole genome sequence of the virus was obtained.This virus possessed the molecular characteristics associated with increased adaptability,virulence,or transmissibility in mammals and had a nucleotide consistency of 99.2％～99.7％with a porcine strain isolated in Jiangsu province.These findings underscored the potential threat this virus poses to human health.Conclusion The study underscores the importance of further monitoring swine influenza in preventing new influenza virus subtypes that can infect humans.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza-like illness outbreaks in Yunnan Province from 2017 to 2023,and to provide the evidence for the prevention and control of influenza in Yunnan Province.Methods The data of influenza-like illness outbreaks and outbreak specimens were collected in Yunnan Province from 2017 to 2023.Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to describe and analyze the epidemic time,population,region and pathogen distribution.Results A total of 340 influenza-like illness outbreaks were reported in Yunnan Province from 2017 to 2023,with 12586 reported cases and a cumulative incidence of 2.34%.The outbreaks were mainly concentrated in November to January and March of the following year,with a high incidence in winter and spring.Schools were the most important place of outbreak,with primary and secondary school students being the main affected group.The cumulative number of reported cases in Dali Prefecture,Dehong Prefecture,Yuxi City and Kunming City ranked among the top in the province,accounting for 79.71%of the total number of outbreaks in the province.The pathogen types alternated and were mainly prevalent in H1N1(119 cases),H3N2(81 cases),and Victoria(83 cases).Conclusion The outbreak of influenza-like illness in Yunnan Province shows the obvious seasonality,and primary and secondary schools are the main outbreak sites.The outbreak surveillance in schools should be strengthened continuously to control the occurrence and development of the epidemic.

Objective To explore the change of nucleoplasm distribution of glucocorticoid receptor alpha(GRα)in peripheral blood of children with primary nephrotic syndrome(PNS)during the course of the disease,aiming at evaluating the correlation between nuclear transport abnormality and different GC responses.Methods A total of 45 children with PNS were enrolled as subjects in this prospective study,and divided into steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome(SSNS,n=36)and steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome(SRNS,n=9)groups,according to their response to GC.The SSNS group was further subclassified into non-frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome(NFRNS,n=21)and frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome(FRNS,n=15)based on relapse frequency during 12-month follow-up.Peripheral blood samples were collected before GC treatment,6-week and 6-month after GC treatment.GRα nuclear localization was detected by immunofluorescence assay,and their correlations with clinical-laboratory indicators were analyzed.Results Before the GC treatment,the average fluorescence intensity showed no significantly difference among different groups(P＞0.05),the GRαin the three groups were localized mainly in cytoplasm,and the nucleocytoplasmic ratio showed no significantly difference among the three groups(P＞0.05).6-week after the GC treatment,the average fluorescence intensity showed no significantly difference among the three groups(P＞0.05),the GRα in SSNS group were localized mainly in nucleus,while those in SRNS group were localized mainly in cytoplasm.Furthermore,nucleocytoplasmic ratio in NFRNS group and SRNS group demonstrated significant differences,while those in NFRNS group and FRNS group showed no significant difference(P＞0.05).6-month after the GC treatment,the average fluorescence intensity in NFRNS group and FRNS group showed no significant difference(P＞0.05),GRα in the two groups were localized mainly in nucleus,and their nucleocytoplasmic ratio had significantly differences(P＜0.05).The GRα nucleocytoplasmic ratio in children with PNS was negatively correlated with 24-hour urine protein(24 h-UTP),TNF-α,while positively correlated with serum albumin(Alb).Conclusion There are differences in nuclear transport ability among PNS children of SRNS,NFRNS and FRNS groups,and these differences are correlated with the differency of GC responses.

Reach-to-grasp movements require integrating information on both object location and grip type, but how these elements are planned and to what extent they interact remains unclear. We designed a new experimental paradigm in which monkeys sequentially received reach and grasp cues with delays, requiring them to retain and integrate both cues to grasp the goal object with appropriate hand gestures. Neural activity in the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) revealed that reach and grasp were similarly represented yet not independent. Upon receiving the second cue, the PMd continued encoding the first, but over half of the neurons displayed incongruent modulations: enhanced, attenuated, or even reversed. Population-level analysis showed significant changes in encoding structure, forming distinct neural patterns. Leveraging canonical correlation analysis, we identified a shared subspace preserving the initial cue's encoding, contributed by both congruent and incongruent neurons. Together, these findings reveal a novel perspective on the interactive planning of reach and grasp within the PMd, providing insights into potential applications for brain-machine interfaces.
Animals ; Motor Cortex/physiology* ; Hand Strength/physiology* ; Macaca mulatta ; Psychomotor Performance/physiology* ; Neurons/physiology* ; Male ; Cues ; Movement/physiology* ; Gestures

Xiaoaiping (XAP) Injection demonstrates the anti-prostate cancer (PCa) effects, yet the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the impact of XAP on PCa and elucidate its mechanism of action. PCa cell proliferation was evaluated using a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Cell apoptosis was assessed through Hoechst staining and Western blotting assays. Proteomics technology was employed to identify key molecules and significant signaling pathways modulated by XAP in PCa cells. To further validate potential key genes and important pathways, a series of assays were conducted, including acridine orange (AO) staining, transmission electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence assays. The molecular mechanism of XAP against PCa in vivo was examined using a PC3 xenograft mouse model. Results demonstrated that XAP significantly inhibited cell proliferation in multiple PCa cell lines. In C4-2 and prostate cancer cell line-3 (PC3) cells, XAP induced cellular apoptosis, evidenced by reduced B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) levels and elevated Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) levels. Proteomic, immunofluorescence, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) investigations revealed a strong correlation between forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a) autophagic degradation and the anti-PCa action of XAP. XAP hindered autophagy by reducing the expression levels of autophagy-related protein 5 (Atg5)/autophagy-related protein 12 (Atg12) and enhancing FoxO3a expression and nuclear translocation. Furthermore, XAP exhibited potent anti-PCa action in PC3 xenograft mice and triggered FoxO3a nuclear translocation in tumor tissue. These findings suggest that XAP induces PCa apoptosis via inhibition of FoxO3a autophagic degradation, potentially offering a novel perspective on XAP injection as an effective anticancer therapy for PCa.
Male ; Humans ; Prostatic Neoplasms/physiopathology* ; Autophagy/drug effects* ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Proteomics ; Mice ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects* ; Forkhead Box Protein O3/genetics* ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ; Mice, Nude ; Mice, Inbred BALB C

Objective:To understand the epidemiological characteristics and changing trends of injury-related deaths in local residents in Qingdao from 2014 to 2023, and provide evidence for development of injury prevention and control measures.Methods:The incidence data on fatal injury in residents of Qingdao from 2014 to 2023 were used to describe the epidemiological characteristics of fatal injury by using fatal injury rate, standardized fatal injury rate, proportion, and death order. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) was used to describe the annual change in fatal injury rates, and the trend of fatal injury was analyzed.Results:From 2014 to 2023, a total of 23 533 residents died of injury in Qingdao, with a crude fatal injury rate of 28.74/100 000 and a standardized fatal injury rate of 27.64/100 000. The total fatal injury rate showed a downward trend (AAPC: -5.06%, P<0.05). The top three causes of fatal injury in the residents were road traffic accident (40.85%), suicide (15.80%), and accidental falls (12.92%). In terms of gender specific fatal injury cause, the top one in both men and women was road traffic accident injury. In terms of age specific fatal injury cause, the top one was road traffic accident in the all age groups, except age group 5-14 years with top cause of drowning. From 2014 to 2023, the fatal injury rates of road traffic accident, suicide, and accidental poisoning in the top five fatal injury causes showed a downward trend year by year (AAPC:-7.42%, -6.54%, -13.95%, P<0.05). Conclusions:The fatal injury rate showed a downward trend in the residents in Qingdao from 2014 to 2023. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of road traffic accident injury, suicide, falls in the elderly, and drowning in adolescents.

Objective:To summarize the best evidence for frailty management in patients undergoing postoperative chemotherapy for gastric cancer, so as to provide reference for alleviating patient frailty.Methods:Guidelines, expert consensus, evidence summaries, systematic reviews, and randomized controlled trials and other articles on the frailty management of patients with postoperative chemotherapy for gastric cancer were electronically searched in computerized decision-making systems such as UpToDate, BMJ Best Practice, and Guidelines International Network, in comprehensive databases such as PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, and in the websites of professional societies. The search period was from database establishment to September 15, 2024. Two researchers independently screened the literature and evaluated the quality of the included literature, combining professional judgment to extract and summarize the best evidence.Results:A total of 18 papers were included, including two clinical decisions, one evidence summary, eight guidelines, two expert consensus, one systematic review, one randomized controlled trial, two quasi-experimental studies, and one observational study. The best evidence included a total of 34 pieces in seven aspects of comprehensive screening, nursing plan construction, preoperative prehabilitation, nutritional interventions, Chinese medicine interventions, exercise interventions, and psychological interventions for frailty.Conclusions:The summary of the best evidence for frailty management in patients undergoing postoperative chemotherapy for gastric cancer may provide an evidence-based basis for frailty interventions by clinical medical and staff.

Objectives:To analyze the correlation between the the body shape index(ABSI)and all-cause mortality(ACM)as well as cardiovascular mortality(CVM)in patients with acute heart failure.Methods:This study analyzed data from the National Registration Study of Major Chronic Diseases,a prospective cohort on heart failure.A total of 4 907 patients with acute heart failure were enrolled from multiple centers nationwide,of which 4 375 were eligible for this study.The relationships of between body mass index(BMI),waist circumference,and ABSI with ACM and CVM were assessed using multivariable cox proportional hazards models.Results:The mean age of the patients was(65.0±13.4)years,62.3%was male.The median follow-up time was 4.6(4.59,4.65)years,there were 1 972(45.1%)ACM and 1 400(32.0%)CVM.Multivariable cox regression analysis showed that higher ABSI was associated with an increased risk of mortality.Compared to the second quartile of ABSI,the hazard ratio(HR)for the highest(fourth)quartile were 1.29(95%CI:1.14-1.46,P<0.05)for ACM and 1.23(95%CI:1.06-1.43,P<0.05)for CVM.In contrast,BMI and waist circumference were inversely associated with risks of both ACM and CVM.Conclusions:ABSI can more intuitively reflect the correlation between obesity and death in patients with heart failure than BMI and waist circumference,which has important clinical significance.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy,safety and patient compliance of a quadruple therapy containing minocycline compared with the traditional quadruple therapy in the treatment of Helicobacter(H.)pylori.Methods This study included 200 H.pylori positive patients,with 100 assigned to the minocycline-containing bismuth quadruple therapy group(LBMC group)and the other 100 to the amoxicillin-containing bismuth quadruple therapy group(LBAC group).After matching the two groups of patients using the propensity score matching(PSM)method,there were 86 cases in each group.Telephone follow-up was conducted on the 14th day after the start of treatment to record patient medication compliance and adverse drug reactions.A 13C urea breath test was performed for re-examination at least one month after completing the treatment plan and discontinuing medication.The intention-to-treat(ITT)and per-protocol(PP)analyses were used to compare the H.pylori eradication rates between the two groups,and Chi-square test and t-test were used for intergroup comparison.Results In the ITT analysis,the eradication rates of the LBMC group and the LBAC group were 89.5%(77/86,95%CI:82.9%～96.1%)and 82.6%(71/86,95%CI:74.4%～90.7%),respectively.In the PP analysis,the eradication rates were 92.6%(75/81,95%CI:86.8%～98.4%)and 88.8%(71/80,95%CI:81.7%～95.8%),respectively.The adverse reaction rate of the LBMC group was 27.9%(24/86),and that of the LBAC group 31.4%(27/86),showing no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).In terms of compliance,the LBMC group was 94.2%(81/86),and the LBAC group 93.0%(80/86),revealing no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).Conclusion As a first-line treatment for eradicating H.pylori,regimens containing minocycline demonstrate equivalent eradication rates to those containing amoxicillin,with similar safety and compliance.They can be used as an alternative treatment for patients allergic to penicillin.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the neuroprotective effect and underlying mechanism of Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture (acupuncture for regaining consciousness and opening orifices) in the rat models of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) based on the p53 protein (p53)/solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) signaling pathway. METHODS: Of 102 male Wistar rats, 20 rats were randomly collected as a sham-operation group. Using a modified external carotid artery filament insertion method, CIRI models were prepared by occluding the middle cerebral artery in the rest rats. After modeling and excluding 1 non-successfully modeled rat and 1 dead one, the other modeled rats were randomized into a model group, an agonist group, an acupuncture group, and an acupuncture + agonist group, 20 rats in each one. Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture therapy was delivered in the rats of the acupuncture group and the acupuncture + agonist group. The acupoints included "Shuigou" (GV26), bilateral "Neiguan" (PC6), and "Sanyinjiao" (SP6) on the affected side. Electroacupuncture was attached to "Neiguan" (PC6) and "Sanyinjiao" (SP6) on the affected side, with dense-disperse wave, a frequency of 2 Hz/15 Hz and intensity of 1 mA. The intervention was delivered twice daily, 20 min each time and for 7 consecutive days. In the agonist group and acupuncture+agonist group, p53 agonist, COTI-2 was intraperitoneally injected (15 mg/kg), once daily for 7 consecutive days. Neurological deficit was evaluated using Zausinger's six-point scale. Cerebral infarction volume was quantified by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Histopathological changes were observed using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Iron deposition was assessed by Prussian blue staining. Mitochondrial ultrastructure in the ischemic cortex was examined under transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Serum iron (Fe²⁺) was measured with chromometry. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels in the ischemic hippocampus were determined using thiobarbituric acid and microplate assays, respectively. The mean fluorescence intensity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the ischemic cortex was analyzed by flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein expression of GPX4, SLC7A11, and p53 in the ischemic hippocampus were evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS: Compared with the sham-operated group, the model group exhibited the decrease in neurological deficit score (P<0.01), and the increase in cerebral infarction volume percentage (P<0.01). The changes of brain tissue were presented in extensive cellular necrosis, pyknotic and deeply-stained nuclei, and vacuolar degeneration. The iron deposition was elevated in cortex and hippocampus (P<0.01), mitochondrial membrane density increased, the cristae was broken or reduced, and the outer membrane ruptured. The levels of Fe²⁺ and MDA, as well as the mean flourscence intensity of ROS were elevated (P<0.01) and the level of GSH was reduced (P<0.01). The mRNA and protein expression of GPX4 and SLC7A11 was reduced (P<0.01), while that of p53 rose (P<0.01). When compared with the model group, in the agonist group, the neurological deficit score was reduced (P<0.05), the percentage of infarction volume was higher (P<0.01), the histopathological damage was further exacerbated, and the percentage of iron deposition increased in the cortex and hippocampus (P<0.01). The mitochondrial quantity decreased, the membrane density increased, the mitochondrial cristae were broken or reduced, and the outer membrane was ruptured. The levels of Fe²⁺ and MDA, as well as the mean flourscence intensity of ROS were higher (P<0.01, P<0.05) and the level of GSH was reduced (P<0.05). The mRNA and protein expression of GPX4 and SLC7A11 decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05), while that of p53 was elevated (P<0.01). Besides, in comparison with the model group, the neurological deficit score was higher in the acupuncture group and the acupuncture + agonist group (P<0.01, P<0.05), the percentage of cerebral infarction volume was lower in the acupuncture group (P<0.01), the pathological damage of brain tissue was alleviated in the acupuncture group and the acupuncture + agonist group, and the percentage of iron depositiondecreased in the cortex and hippocampus (P<0.01). The mitochondrial structure was relatively clear, the mitochondrial cristae were fractured or reduced mildly in the acupuncture group and the acupuncture + agonist group. The levels of Fe²⁺ and MDA, as well as the mean flourscence intensity of ROS were lower (P<0.01) and the level of GSH was higher (P<0.01) in the acupuncture group. The mean fluorescence intensity of ROS were dropped (P<0.01) in the acupuncture + agonist group. The mRNA expression of GPX4 and SLC7A11 was elevated (P<0.01) and that of p53 was reduced (P<0.01, P<0.05) in either the acupuncture group or the acupuncture + agonist group; the protein expression of GPX4 and SLC7A11 rose (P<0.05, P<0.01) and that of p53 was dropped (P<0.01) in the acupuncture group; and the protein expression of p53 was also lower in the acupuncture + agonist group (P<0.05). When compared with the agonist group, in the acupuncture + agonist group, neurological deficit score increased (P<0.01), the percentage of cerebral infarction volume decreased (P<0.01), the pathological brain tissue damage was reduced, the percentage of iron deposition in cortex and hippocampus decreased (P<0.01), the mitochondrial structure was relatively clear and the cristae broken or reduced slightly; the levels of Fe²⁺ and MDA, as well as the mean fluorescence intensity of ROS were dropped (P<0.01), while the level of GSH increased (P<0.05); the mRNA and protein expression of GPX4 and SLC7411 was elevated (P<0.01, P<0.05), and that of p53 reduced (P<0.01). In comparison with the acupuncture + agonist group, in the acupuncture group, the neurological deficit score increased (P<0.05), the percentage of cerebral infarction volume decreased (P<0.05), the pathological brain tissue damage was alleviated, the percentage of iron deposition in cortex and hippocampus decreased (P<0.01), the mitochondrial structure was normal in tendency; the levels of Fe²⁺ and MDA, as well as the mean fluorescence intensity of ROS were reduced (P<0.05), while the level of GSH rose (P<0.01); the mRNA and protein expression of GPX4 and SLC7411 was elevated (P<0.01, P<0.05), and that of p53 reduced (P<0.01, P<0.05). CONCLUSION Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture can alleviate neurological damage in CIRI rats, which is obtained probably by inhibiting ferroptosis through p53/SLC7A11/GPX4 pathway.
Animals ; Reperfusion Injury/metabolism* ; Male ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Rats ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics* ; Brain Ischemia/metabolism* ; Rats, Wistar ; Signal Transduction ; Humans ; Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase/genetics* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Acupuncture Points ; Amino Acid Transport System y+/genetics*