Objective To investigate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on male semen quality through meta-analysis and retrospec-tive study.Methods Literature retrieval was conducted in PubMed,CNKI,Wanfang Database and CBM database.Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 15.0.The male patients meeting the inclusion criteria from our hospital were enrolled as study subjects.General demographic data and semen parameters were collected.Single factor analysis of variance and graphing of semen parameters were con-ducted using GraphPad Prism 9.5.1.The test level was set at 0.05.Results A total of 9 studies involving 267 patients were included in the meta-analysis.There were no significant differences in sperm concentration and survival rate before and after SARS-CoV-2 infec-tion(P＞0.05).Semen volume and percentage of normal morphology significantly increased during 1-3 months after infection(P=0.005,P=0.010),with semen volume recovering to pre-infection level＞3 months later(P＞0.05).Sperm motility and progressive mo-tility increased＞3 months after infection(P=0.046,P=0.045),recovering to pre-infection levels(P=0.099,P=0.098).Sperm DNA fragmentation index may be temporarily elevated within 3 months after infection but gradually decreased＞3 months later.In the retrospective study of 8 cases,there were no statistical differences in semen parameters at different stages compared with pre-infection(P＞0.05),but semen parameters showed a negative trend during＜1 month after infection and recovered to pre-infection levels＞3 months later.Conclusion The results of this laboratory study are basically consistent with the meta-analysis.SARS-CoV-2 infection in males only caused short-term negative effects on sperm morphology,vitality and DNA integrity,but generally recovered to pre-infection levels＞3 months after infection.Due to the limitations of study subjects and sample size,the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on male semen quality needs to be further confirmed by long-term large-scale prospective studies.

Objective To analyze the global research status,hotspots,and frontiers of proprotein convertase subtilisin/Kexin type 9(PCSK9)monoclonal antibodies,and to provide a reference for related scientific research and the rational drug use in clinical practice in China.Methods The research literature related to PCSK9 monoclonal antibody included in the Web of Science database was searched for the period from January 2011 to February 2022,and the literature included in the study was visually analyzed by the CiteSpace software.Results A total of 723 articles were included,and the annual number of publica-tions showed an overall upward trend.The top three countries were the United States,France,and the United Kingdom.Sanofi was the organization with the largest number of articles,and the organization with the highest citation of articles was Brigham and Women's Hospital.The hotspots of research mainly included the use of PCSK9 monoclonal antibody in the treatment of patients with hypercholesterolemia,patients who do not tolerate statins,patients with high cardiovascular risk,and the efficacy and safety of PCSK9 monoclonal antibody in lipid-lowering therapy combined statins;The frontiers of research in recent two years is the appli-cation of PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies in patients with acute coronary syndrome and the clinical benefits after reducing the level of lipoprotein(a).Conclusion A large number of studies have confirmed the efficacy and safety of PCSK9 monoclonal anti-bodies in reducing blood lipids,but there is still a lack of research on its economics and application in special populations,which should be the focus of future research.

Objective:To investigate the differences in cerebral oxygen metabolism in healthy volunteers at three altitude areas by MR quantitative magnetic susceptibility imaging (QSM) combined with three-dimensional arterial spin labeling (3D-ASL).Methods:From March 2019 to October 2020, Zhengzhou Han Chinese volunteers recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Xining Han Chinese volunteers recruited from the Fifth People′s Hospital of Qinghai Province, Lhasa Han Chinese volunteers and Tibetan volunteers recruited from Lhasa People′s Hospital were collected. They were divided into 21-30 age group, 31-40 age group, and 41-50 age group. All the volunteers underwent MR QSM combined with 3D-ASL sequence imaging, and oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) images of gray matter, and white matter were collected, OEF and CBF values were obtained, and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO 2) values were calculated. The comparison of various indicators among multiple groups was conducted using one-way ANOVA, and pairwise comparisons were conducted using LSD- t test. Results:A total of 132 volunteers were included, including 38 Han Chinese volunteers in Zhengzhou, 9 in the 21-30 age group, 13 in the 31-40 age group and 16 in the 41-50 age group; 27 Han Chinese volunteers in Xining, including 9 in the 21-30 age group, 8 in the 31-40 age group and 10 in the 41-50 age group; 34 Han Chinese volunteers in Lhasa, including 13 in the 21-30 age group, 11 in the 31-40 age group and 10 in the 41-50 age group; and 33 Tibetan volunteers in Lhasa, including 10 in the 21-30 age group, 10 in the 31-40 age group and 13 in the 41-50 age group. In the group aged 21-30 years, the overall difference in brain gray matter OEF values among volunteers from different altitudes was statistically significant ( P<0.05), with statistically significant differences in OEF values between Tibetans in Lhasa and Han Chinese in Xining, Han Chinese in Lhasa ( P<0.05). The overall difference in CMRO 2 values in the gray matter of volunteers at different altitudes was statistically significant ( P<0.05), with significant differences in CMRO 2 values between Lhasa Tibetan and Han Chinese in Zhengzhou, Han Chinese in Xining, Han Chinese in Lhasa ( P<0.05). In the 31-40 age group, there were statistically significant differences in the overall CBF values of gray and white matter among volunteers from different altitudes ( P<0.05). Among them, there were statistically significant differences in the CBF values of gray and white matter between Han Chinese in Zhengzhou and Han in Xining, Han Chinese in Lhasa, Lhasa Tibetan ( P<0.05). The overall differences in OEF values of gray matter and white matter among volunteers at different altitudes were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Among them, there were statistically significant differences in OEF values of gray matter and white matter between the Han Chinese in Zhengzhou and the Han Chinese in Xining, the Han Chinese in Lhasa ( P<0.05). There was also a statistically significant difference in OEF values of gray matter and white matter between the Han Chinese in Lhasa and the Tibetan in Lhasa ( P<0.05). The overall difference in CMRO 2 values in gray and white matter among volunteers from different altitudes was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Among them, there was a statistically significant difference in CMRO 2 values of cerebral gray matter between Lhasa Tibetans and Zhengzhou Han, Xining Han, Lhasa Han ( P<0.05), and there was a statistically significant difference in CMRO 2 values of cerebral white matter between Lhasa Tibetans and Zhengzhou Han, Lhasa Han ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The cerebral oxygen metabolism of Tibetan living in the plateau is characterized by low oxygen consumption, low blood oxygen dependence and high tissue oxygen utilization. The CMRO 2 of the Han people who migrated to the plateau for a long time is maintained at a certain level, similar to that in the plain area. The effects of age factors on CBF, OEF and CMRO 2 are small.

Objective:To establish a three-dimensional spheroid expansion model of human glioma stem cells with spontaneous sphere forming and multilineage differentiation potential in vitro and investigated the contents of the proteins and lipids and their secondary components, so as to lay a foundation for further study of sphere metabolism. Methods:Human glioma stem cells GSC23 and SU3 were cultured in serum-free stem cell culture medium, respectively, and the cell spheres were harvested for about 2-3 weeks. After fixation in paraformaldehyde solution, dehydration, paraffin embedding, and sectioning, glioma-associated marker proteins were detected by immunohistochemical staining, and the protein and lipid and their secondary components contents in the spheroid tissues were analyzed by Raman imaging. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the protein, lipid and phenylalanine contents in the large sphere, medium sphere and small sphere groups.Results:Both stem cells were able to form stem cell expansion spheres resembling solid tumors within the culture dish. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the regular marker proteins of glioblastoma multiforme, CD133, nestin, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), S100, Olig2, p53, Ki-67, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin, CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), and CD34, were all expressed. Raman imaging revealed that the constructed expanded spheres of human glioma stem cells contained protein (2 930, 1 685 and 1 586 cm -1), lipid (2 845 and 1 444 cm -1), phenylalanine (1 003 cm -1) amide Ⅲ (1 250 cm -1), while there were no significant differences of protein, lipid and phenylalanine contents among the large sphere, medium sphere and small sphere groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:We have successfully established an expanded spheroid model of human glioma stem cells in vitro, which not only exhibits the topographical characteristics and unlimited expansion ability of three-dimensional solid tumors, but also has the ability to stably store metabolically obligatory energy sources of tumor cells such as proteins and lipids, and is expected to serve as a promising tool for human glioma research in vitro.

Objective:To establish a three-dimensional spheroid expansion model of human glioma stem cells with spontaneous sphere forming and multilineage differentiation potential in vitro and investigated the contents of the proteins and lipids and their secondary components, so as to lay a foundation for further study of sphere metabolism. Methods:Human glioma stem cells GSC23 and SU3 were cultured in serum-free stem cell culture medium, respectively, and the cell spheres were harvested for about 2-3 weeks. After fixation in paraformaldehyde solution, dehydration, paraffin embedding, and sectioning, glioma-associated marker proteins were detected by immunohistochemical staining, and the protein and lipid and their secondary components contents in the spheroid tissues were analyzed by Raman imaging. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the protein, lipid and phenylalanine contents in the large sphere, medium sphere and small sphere groups.Results:Both stem cells were able to form stem cell expansion spheres resembling solid tumors within the culture dish. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the regular marker proteins of glioblastoma multiforme, CD133, nestin, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), S100, Olig2, p53, Ki-67, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin, CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), and CD34, were all expressed. Raman imaging revealed that the constructed expanded spheres of human glioma stem cells contained protein (2 930, 1 685 and 1 586 cm -1), lipid (2 845 and 1 444 cm -1), phenylalanine (1 003 cm -1) amide Ⅲ (1 250 cm -1), while there were no significant differences of protein, lipid and phenylalanine contents among the large sphere, medium sphere and small sphere groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:We have successfully established an expanded spheroid model of human glioma stem cells in vitro, which not only exhibits the topographical characteristics and unlimited expansion ability of three-dimensional solid tumors, but also has the ability to stably store metabolically obligatory energy sources of tumor cells such as proteins and lipids, and is expected to serve as a promising tool for human glioma research in vitro.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of dynamic platelet and hemagglutination-related parameters in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP).Methods:The patients admitted to the Department of Emergency Surgery in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2020 to December 2020 were analyzed. According to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, patients with AP were retrospectively enrolled. According to the Chinese Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis (Shenyang, 2019), the patients were divided into two groups: severe acute pancreatitis (SAP group) and non-severe acute pancreatitis (non-SAP group) [including mild acute pancreatitis (MAP) and moderate severe acute pancreatitis (MSAP)]. A normal distribution of the maximum and mean aggregation rates of dynamic platelets (arachiidonic acid), plateletcrit (PCT) and bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis (BISAP) scores and other measurement data were tested by t test, while measurement data of prothrombin time (PT), fibrinogen (FIB) and D-dimer that did not conform to normal distribution were tested by Mann-Whitney U test. χ 2 test was used for the counting data such as sex, age and etiology of patients in the two groups. The prognostic value of statistically significant indicators for non-SAP group and SAP group was further analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results:A total of 146 patients with AP were enrolled, including 50 patients in SAP group and 96 in non-SAP group. The maximum and average aggregation rates of dynamic platelet (aracidonic acid) in the SAP group were (71.76±17.62) % and (67.91±18.10) %, PT (12.02±1.33) s, FIB (4.76±2.08) g/L, D-dimer (3.75±6.04) μg/L, PCT (0.23±0.08) %, and BISAP scores (1.42±1.18), which were all significantly higher than those in the non-SAP group [the maximum and average aggregation rates of dynamic platelet (arachiidonic acid) (46.65±20.11) % and (42.50±20.71) %, PT (11.50±1.51) s and FIB (3.91±1.48) g/L, D-dimer (1.00±1.37) μg/L, PCT (0.19±0.06) %, BISAP scores (0.45±0.66)] (all P<0.05). According to area under the ROC curve, the maximum and average aggregation rates of dynamic platelets (arachiidonic acid) in serum of patients with SAP were 0.83 and 0.82, respectively, and the sensitivities were 0.56 and 0.68, respectively. The specificity was 0.99 and 0.81, respectively, which was better than PT, FIB, D-dimer, PCT and BISAP scores in predicting the severity of AP. Conclusions:The maximum and average aggregation rates of dynamic platelets (arachidonic acid), PT, FIB, D-dimer, PCT and BISAP scores can be used as predictors of the severity of acute pancreatitis. The maximum and average aggregation rates of dynamic platelets (arachiidonic acid) were the best in predicting the severity of AP.

Objective:To study the characteristics of macrophage lineage model polarized to adapt to the tumor micro-environment (TME) for further research on the plasticity of macrophages in TME.Methods:Bone marrow cells from transgenic Foxn1 nu.B6-CAG-EGFP/SU mice were induced by colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1), IFN-γ+ LPS and IL-4 to differentiate into M0, M1 and M2 macrophages, respectively. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) was observed under inverted fluorescence microscope. Immunocytochemical staining was used to detect the marker and polarization-related proteins of macrophages. Moreover, the macrophages were co-cultured with human glioma stem cell SU3 for further analysis. Results:The bone marrow-derived M0, M1 and M2 macrophages all showed strong green fluorescence under inverted fluorescence microscope. The inherent plasticity of the macrophages could be observed under ordinary microscope with Wright-Giemsa staining. Immunocytochemical staining showed that CD11C and CD206 markers were observed on M0, M1 and M2 macrophages, while CD68 was only expressed on M1 macrophages. Moreover, the staining was strongly positive for CSF-1 and CSF-1R on M0, M1 and M2 macrophages. Green fluorescent cell infiltration and phagocytic reaction were observed in the co-cultured stem cell spheres.Conclusions:The bone marrow-derived macrophage lineage including M0, M1 and M2 subtypes with the inherent plasticity was successfully prepared using transgenic nude mice expressing GFP. The three subtypes expressed the common marker and polarization-related proteins, and had the phagocytic activity, suggesting that they could be used to study the interaction between tumor cells and macrophages, especially in tracer studies.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of double-stitch full-layer pancreaticojejunostomy (DSFLPJ) in laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy.Methods:The clinicopathological data of patients who underwent laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy with DSFLPJ from Jan 2016 to Sep 2019 in Fujian Provincial Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Procedures were successfully performed in 82 patients. The average operation time was (321±55) minutes, among which the mean DSFLPJ time was (22±6) minutes. Intraoperative blood loss was (185±96) ml. Pancreatic fistula occurred in 11 patients, 7 with Grade A, 3 with Grade B and 1 with Grade C. The average postoperative hospital stay was (13±5) days. After the median follow-up of 9 months (1 to 44 months), two patients of pancreatic head cancer suffered recurrence.Conclusions:DSFLPJ is a safe and effective method in laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy.

To analyze the types of dietary patterns of women during pregnancy in Shaanxi and their association with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods Data were derived from a cross?sectional program named "The prevalence and risk factors of birth defects in Shaanxi Province" from July to November in 2013. A multi?stage stratified random sampling method was used to extract 15 980 women of childbearing age who met the inclusion exclusion criteria from Shaanxi Province. The questionnaire obtained information such as the pregnancy outcome and the food intake of the study subjects during pregnancy. The dietary pattern was extracted by factor analysis, and the each dietary pattern of subjects were divided into T1-T3 groups according to the factor score. The effects of each dietary pattern on major adverse pregnancy outcomes were estimated by unconditional logistic regression model. Results Four dietary patterns were established: vegetarian pattern, balanced pattern, traditional pattern, and processing pattern. The multivariate logistic regression model results showed that compared with the vegetarian pattern T2 group, the T1 group had lower risk of low birth weight (OR=0.56, 95%CI : 0.41-0.83), and the T 3 group had higher risk of low birth weight in offspring ( OR=2.32, 95%CI : 1.59-3.89); compared with the traditional pattern T2 group, the T3 group had higher risk of premature (OR=2.62, 95%CI :1.58-5.01); compared with the balanced pattern T2 group, the T3 group had a lower risk of spontaneous abortion (OR=0.73, 95%CI: 0.36-0.89); compared with the processing pattern T2 group, the T3 group had a higher risk of spontaneous abortion ( OR=1.97, 95%CI : 1.36-3.34) and higher risk of stillbirth ( OR=2.96, 95%CI : 1.49-6.26), and the T 1 group had a lower risk of stillbirths in offspring ( OR=0.52, 95%CI :0.33-0.83). Conclusion The women of childbearing age in Shaanxi have different dietary patterns, and there may be a correlation between dietary patterns and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Objective: To analyze the types of dietary patterns of women during pregnancy in Shaanxi and their association with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods: Data were derived from a cross-sectional program named "The prevalence and risk factors of birth defects in Shaanxi Province" from July to November in 2013. A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to extract 15 980 women of childbearing age who met the inclusion exclusion criteria from Shaanxi Province. The questionnaire obtained information such as the pregnancy outcome and the food intake of the study subjects during pregnancy. The dietary pattern was extracted by factor analysis, and the each dietary pattern of subjects were divided into T₁-T₃ groups according to the factor score. The effects of each dietary pattern on major adverse pregnancy outcomes were estimated by unconditional logistic regression model. Results: Four dietary patterns were established:vegetarian pattern, balanced pattern, traditional pattern, and processing pattern. The multivariate logistic regression model results showed that compared with the vegetarian pattern T₂ group, the T₁ group had lower risk of low birth weight (OR=0.56, 95%CI: 0.41-0.83), and the T₃ group had higher risk of low birth weight in offspring (OR=2.32, 95%CI: 1.59-3.89); compared with the traditional pattern T₂ group, the T₃ group had higher risk of premature (OR=2.62, 95%CI: 1.58-5.01); compared with the balanced pattern T₂ group, the T₃ group had a lower risk of spontaneous abortion (OR=0.73, 95%CI: 0.36-0.89); compared with the processing pattern T₂ group, the T₃ group had a higher risk of spontaneous abortion (OR=1.97, 95%CI: 1.36-3.34) and higher risk of stillbirth (OR=2.96, 95%CI: 1.49-6.26), and the T₁ group had a lower risk of stillbirths in offspring (OR=0.52, 95%CI: 0.33-0.83). Conclusion The women of childbearing age in Shaanxi have different dietary patterns, and there may be a correlation between dietary patterns and adverse pregnancy outcomes.