[Purpose]To analyze the incidence,mortality and disease burden of malignant tumors in the cancer registration areas of Hebei Province in 2020.[Methods]The incidence and mortality data of cancer in 2020 were collected from the cancer registries of Hebei Province,and the quality of data was evaluated.The crude incidence(mortality)rate,age-specific incidence(mortality)rates and age-standardized incidence(mortality)rates by Chinese standard population(ASIRC/ASMRC)and world standard population(ASIRW/ASMRW)were calculated and analyzed.The disability-ad-justed life years(DALY)were calculated and analyzed according to the Excel disease burden cal-culation template recommended by the World Health Organization(WHO).[Results]In 2020,the crude incidence rate,ASIRC,ASIRW of malignant tumors in the cancer registration areas of Hebei Province were 229.36/105,147.06/105 and 143.74/105,respectively.The incidence rate in men was higher than that in women.The incidence rates in urban and rural areas were 230.26/105 and 228.84/105,and the age-standardized incidence rates reached a peak in the age group of 80～84 years old.The crude mortality rate,ASMRC,ASMRW were 146.38/105,85.33/105 and 84.79/105,respectively.The mortality rate in men was higher than that in women.The age-standardized mor-tality rate rose with age,reaching a peak in the age group of 85+years old,and the crude mortality rates in urban and rural areas were 143.82/105 and 147.84/105,respectively.The DALY of ma-lignant tumors in the cancer registration areas of Hebei Province were 345 030 person-years,reaching a maximum in the age group of 45～59 years old,with a DALY rate of 15.00/103,and the highest in the age group of 70～79 years old.Lung cancer had the heaviest disease burden,with DALY of 83 684 person-years,accounting for 24.25％of all malignant tumors,followed by stomach,liver,female breast,and colorectal cancers.The DALY in urban and rural areas were 122 062 and 222 993 person-years,respectively,and the trends in DALY rates were basically stable.[Conclusion]The disease burden of malignant tumors in Hebei Province is relatively heavy,cancer prevention and control should be further strengthened and focused on urban men and the elderly to reduce disease burden of malignant tumors in the future.

[Purpose]To analyze the prevalence characteristics and disease burden of lung cancer in Hebei cancer registration areas from 2012 to 2020.[Methods]Lung cancer data were collected from the Hebei Provincial Cancer Registry from 2012 to 2020.The crude incidence/mortality rates,age-standardized incidence/mortality rates by Chinese standard population(ASIRC/ASMRC)and by world standard population(ASIRW/ASMRW)were calculated.The Joinpoint model was used to calculate the annual percentage change(APC)and average annual percentage change(AAPC).Years of life lost(YLL)and years lived with disability(YLD)and the disability-adjusted life years(DALY)were calculated.[Results]From 2012 to 2020,the ASIRW of lung cancer in Hebei can-cer registration areas was 33.13/105,44.56/105 for men and 22.54/105 for women,respectively;the incidence rates of urban and rural areas were 29.05/105 and 33.52/105,respectively.The incidence rates increased with ages,reaching a peak in the age group of 80～84 years old.There was a de-creasing trend in the ASIRW of lung cancer(AAPC=-3.99％,P＜0.05).From 2012 to 2020,the ASMRW of lung cancer was 25.80/105,36.56/105 for men and 15.96/105 for women,respectively;the mortality rates of urban and rural areas were 25.14/105 and 26.12/105,respectively.The mor-tality rates increase with ages,reaching a peak in the age group of 85 and above years old.There was a decreasing trend in the mortality of lung cancer(AAPC=-4.65％,P＜0.001)from 2012 to 2020.The DALY of lung cancer in Hebei Province from 2012 to 2020 was 484 194 person-years,with male accounting for 66.77％,female accounted for 33.23％,the DALY rate of lung cancer was 3.31‰,of which 35.57％in urban areas and 64.43％in rural areas.[Conclusion]Lung can-cer incidence and mortality rate in Hebei cancer registration areas from 2012 to 2020 showed a decreasing trend.The disease burden is gradually increasing with age in middle-aged and el-derly population.

Childhood cataract is a disease that affects the development of children's vision. It is divided into infants and adolescents according to the age of onset. Surgery is the main treatment, but the vision after surgery is difficult to reach the level of healthy children. Macular dysplasia is an important factor affecting postoperative visual acuity. In recent years, with the development of optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography, more and more research has been done on macular development of children's cataract. The retinal structure in the macular area of children with cataract is abnormal, and the early inflammatory reaction after surgery can also lead to structural changes. In addition, insufficient blood supply to the macular area may affect retinal structure and function. The mechanism by which childhood cataract affects macular structure is still unclear and needs further study. Understanding the relationship between macular structure and vision prognosis is helpful to develop more effective treatment and improve the vision prognosis of children.

Objective To investigate the effects of cinnamic aldehyde(CA)on Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax)and Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer(Bak)in vascular endothelial cells of diabetic ulcer wound tissues,as well as on cell apoptosis.Methods ① Forty-eight healthy SPF-grade male SD rats(5 weeks old,weighing 180～220 g)were randomly assigned to a control group(12 rats)and a diabetes group(36 rats).The diabetic model was established with an intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg STZ-citrate sodium solution and high-fat diet feeding.The diabetes group was further randomly divided into Model group,CA group,and the rb-bFGF group,with 12 animals in each group.Wounds in the Con and Model groups were disinfected and topically treated with normal saline,CA group received topical application of 4 μmol/L CA in PEG 400 gel,and those of the rb-bFGF group were treated with bevacizumab gel.The wound healing rate of each group was calculated at 3,7 and 14 d after intervention.At 14 d after intervention,pathological changes in the wounds were observed with HE staining,and the expression levels of Bax and Bak were detected by Western blotting.② Human umbilical vein endothelial cell line EA.hy926 was treated with 175 mmol/L glucose for 48 h to establish a cell model of high glucose injury.The experimental cells were divided into control group,model group and CA treatment group.Cell scratch test and tube formation test were performed respectively to determine the migration ability and angiogenesis of the cells.The expression levels of Bax and Bak was detected with immunofluorescence assay,and cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining.Results ①The diabetic rats in the Model group exhibited significantly higher blood glucose level(P<0.05),declined wound healing rate at 7 and 14 d after intervention(P<0.05),and enhanced expression levels of Bax and Bak(P<0.05)when compared with the control group.Pathological observation revealed that,at 14 d after intervention,accompanied with inflammatory reactions,dense infiltration of inflammatory cells,fewer new blood vessels,and continuous fluid exudation in the wound were observed in the Model group,but the control group presented complete epithelialization in full-thickness skin.Compared with the conditions in the Model group,both CA and rb-bFGF treatment improved the epithelialization process,with mature granulation tissues,showing good healing condition,promoted wound healing rate(P<0.05),and decreased the expression levels of Bax and Bak(P<0.05).② The results of cell experiments showed that the cells of the model group showed significantly reduced migration ability and tube formation ability(P<0.05),reduced protein levels of Bax and Bak(P<0.05),and lower apoptotic rate(P<0.05)when compared with the cells in the model group.Conclusion CA can inhibit the expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bax and Bak,promote the migration and tube formation of vascular endothelial cells,and inhibit the cell apoptosis under high glucose condition,which may be an important reason for its promoting wound healing in diabetic ulcer rats.

Necrotizing enterocolitis（NEC）is a gastrointestinal emergency commonly seen in premature infants，and its etiology and high-risk factors have not been fully elucidated.Premature infants who receive blood component transfusions are at significantly increased risk of developing NEC，with a higher incidence and mortality rate.This review focuses on a comprehensive analysis of the association between multiple blood component transfusions and NEC，the pathogenesis，prevention measures，and the threshold of blood component transfusions，aiming to provide a reference for the safe and rational use of blood component transfusions in clinical practice，and to guide fulture research directions.

ObjectiveTo study the clinical characteristics and influencing factors of rheumatoid arthritis （RA） in the patients with cold dampness obstruction syndrome. MethodsThe RA patients treated in the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Rheumatology of the China-Japan Friendship Hospital from August 2022 to June 2024 were selected. The demographic information， clinical data， laboratory test results， and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptom information were collected for syndrome differentiation， on the basis of which the characteristics and influencing factors of cold dampness obstruction syndrome were analyzed. ResultsA total of 258 RA patients were selected in this study， including 88 （34.1%） patients with cold dampness obstruction syndrome， 53 （20.5%） patients with dampness and heat obstruction syndrome， 31 （12.0%） patients with wind dampness obstruction syndrome， 29 （11.2%） patients with liver-kidney deficiency syndrome， 19 （7.4%） patients with Qi-blood deficiency syndrome， 14 （5.4%） patients with phlegm-stasis obstruction syndrome， 15 （5.8%） patients with stasis obstructing collateral syndrome and 9 （3.5%） patients with Qi-Yin deficiency syndrome. The patients were assigned into two groups of cold dampness obstruction syndrome and other syndromes. The group of cold dampness obstruction syndrome had lower joint fever， 28-tender joint count （TJC28）， and 28-joint disease activity score （DAS28）-C-reactive protein （CRP） and higher central sensitization， cold feeling of joints， fear of wind and cold， cold limbs， and abdominal distention than the group of other syndromes （P<0.05）. The binary logistic regression analysis showed that central sensitization （OR 5.749， 95%CI 2.116-15.616， P<0.001） and DAS28-CRP （OR 0.600， 95% CI 0.418-0.862， P=0.006） were the independent factors influencing cold dampness obstruction syndrome in RA. ConclusionCold dampness obstruction syndrome is a common syndrome in RA patients. It is associated with central sensitization， cold feeling of joints， abdominal distension and may be a clinical syndrome associated with central sensitization.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics of adult mediastinal bronchial cysts complicated with aspergillus infection, aiming to improve clinicians′ understanding of this rare lesion.Methods:A case of adult mediastinal bronchial cyst with aspergillus infection admitted to the Foshan Second People′s Hospital in February 2024, mainly presenting with fever and chest pain, was reported. Chest CT showed a mediastinal mass, and postoperative pathology confirmed bronchial cyst with aspergillus infection. Combined with relevant literature review, the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment points of the disease were summarized.Results:The patient successfully underwent surgical resection of the lesion, and pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of bronchial cyst complicated with aspergillus infection. Literature review indicated that mediastinal bronchial cysts are relatively rare in adults, and cases complicated with aspergillus infection are even rarer.Conclusions:Adult mediastinal bronchial cyst complicated with aspergillus infection is a rare lesion with non-specific clinical manifestations. Imaging examination is an important diagnostic method, and the final diagnosis depends on pathological examination. Enhancing clinicians′ awareness of this disease is helpful for timely and accurate diagnosis and reasonable treatment.

Aim To explore the impact and mechanism of proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9(PCSK9)on the progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA).Methods 6～8 week old ApoE-/-mice were selected to estab-lish the AAA model.Angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ)was continuously infused through subcutaneous implantation of a micro-os-motic pump.The mice were fed with high-fat diet and killed after 28 days.The expression of PCSK9 in abdominal aor-tic smooth muscle cells was detected by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence in normal abdominal aortic blood vessels and AAA samples in human and mice.Primary cultured murine vascular smooth muscle cells(mVSMC)of C57BL/6 mice were treated with different concentrations of AngⅡ for 24 h,and the expression of PCSK9 mRNA and pro-tein was detected.PCSK9 overexpression and knockdown cell models were established,and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(mtROS),mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP),mitochondrial permeability transition pore(MPTP)open-ing,and Z-DNA binding protein 1(ZBP1)protein expression were detected.Bioinformatics was used to analyze the dif-ferential expression of multiple single-cell sequencing datasets to obtain the key differentially expressed genes,and to study their expression and role in AAA.Results Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence results showed that PCSK9 expression in human and mouse AAA increased(P＜0.01),and co-localized with smooth muscle.Ang Ⅱ promoted PCSK9 expression in mVSMC in a concentration-dependent manner,the 2.0 μmol/L Ang Ⅱ group showed a 2.9-fold and 1.1-fold increase in the expression of PCSK9 mRNA and protein,respectively(P＜0.01),with the most significant effect observed.After successfully constructing PCSK9 overexpression and PCSK9 interference mVSMC models,PCSK9 overex-pression led to an increase in intracellular mtROS,a decrease in MMP,an increase in MPTP opening,and a decrease in cellular activity(P＜0.01);PCSK9 knockdown could reduce Ang Ⅱ induced increase in mtROS,decrease in MMP and MPTP opening;compared with the siNC+Ang Ⅱ group,the siPCSK9+Ang Ⅱ group showed a decrease in mtROS and an in-crease in the fluorescence brightness of MMP and MPTP(P＜0.05).Bioinformatics analysis revealed that ZBP1 was a core differentially expressed gene in AAA.Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence results showed that ZBP1 ex-pression in human and mouse AAA tissues increased,and co-localized with smooth muscle.Western blot results showed that PCSK9 overexpression or treatment with 2.0 μmol/L Ang Ⅱ could increase ZBP1 protein expression(P＜0.01),while PCSK9 knockdown could alleviate the increased ZBP1 expression caused by AngⅡ(P＜0.05).Conclusion PCSK9 may induce mitochondrial damage in smooth muscle cells,activate downstream molecule ZBP1 to cause cell damage,and promote the development of AAA.

Objective:To investigate microbial ecology in restored milk (RM) -donor human milk (DHM) supplemented with mother's own milk (MOM)-under varying MOM ratios, incubation temperatures, and durations. Methods:This in vitro controlled study utilized breast milk samples collected from mothers of preterm infants (<37 weeks) admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children between December 2024 and March 2025, including five MOM samples and one DHM sample. Each MOM sample was mixed with DHM at 10% (RM-10 group) or 30% (RM-30 group) volume ratios. Samples were incubated at room temperature (23-26 ℃) and 37 ℃ for 1 h and 4 h, followed by collection. Microbial α-diversity (Chao/Shannon indices), β-diversity (principal co-ordinates analysis), and taxonomic composition (phylum/genus) were analyzed via high-throughput sequencing. Statistical analysis included analysis of variance and the Kruskal-Wallis H test. Results:No statistically significant differences in the Chao index or Shannon index were observed between the RM-10 and RM-30 groups across different incubation times and temperatures ( H or F values=7.61 and 93.20, respectively; both P>0.05). At 37 ℃, the microbial composition of the RM-30 group at both 1 h and 4 h showed no significant difference compared to the initial MOM samples ( R=－0.018, P=0.540), with Firmicutes abundance restored to 65%-90% of the initial MOM level. At room temperature, incubation of the RM-30 group partially restored microbial communities (50%-60%), but induced overgrowth of Proteobacteria (e.g., Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter). Incubation of the RM-10 group at 37 ℃ for 1 h and 4 h also showed no significant difference in microbial composition compared to the initial MOM ( R=－0.004, P=0.442). However, at room temperature, Proteobacteria consistently increased in the RM-10 group samples, and significant differences in microbial composition compared to initial MOM were observed at both 1 h and 4 h ( R=0.179, P=0.027). Conclusion:Under the experimental conditions of this study, preliminary evidence suggests that incubating a blend of DHM and 30% MOM at 37 ℃ for 1 h or 4 h may modulate the microbial composition toward a potentially beneficial profile.

Objective:With the aggravation of population aging, the burden of malignant tumors in the elderly population is becoming more and more heavy. This study aims to analyze the incidence and mortality of malignant tumors in the elderly population in Hebei Province in the past decade.Methods:The incidence and mortality data of malignant tumors in people aged ≥60 years old in 38 cancer registration areas in Hebei Province from 2011 to 2020 were collected, and the incidence and mortality were analyzed by gender, urban and rural areas, and age groups. The age standardized rates were calculated using the 2000 Chinese population census and Segi′s world population. The trend of incidence and mortality was analyzed using the Joinpoint model and the average annual percent change (AAPC).Results:From 2011 to 2020, 216 200 new cases of malignant tumors were reported in the elderly population in the cancer registration areas of Hebei Province, and 170 700 deaths were reported. The peak ages of incident cases number for males and females were 65-69 years old and 60-64 years old, respectively. The crude incidence rate of malignant tumors in the elderly was 905.42/10 5, and the crude mortality rate was 714.96/10 5. In general, the incidence and mortality in rural areas were higher than those in urban areas, and the incidence and mortality in males were higher than those in females. The peak ages of incidence and mortality were 80-84 years old and 85+ years old, respectively. From 2011 to 2020, lung cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, female breast cancer, and colorectal cancer were the main malignant tumors of incidence rate in the elderly population in Hebei Province, and lung cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, and colorectal cancer were the main malignant tumors in the mortality rate. From 2011 to 2020, the incidence and mortality of malignant tumors in the elderly population in Hebei Province showed a decreasing trend, and AAPC for the age-standardized incidence and mortality were -4.69% and -5.53%, respectively. The rank of incidence and mortality rate of each cancer had changed, but the top two were still lung cancer and stomach cancer. Conclusions:The incidence and mortality of cancer in the elderly population in Hebei province have decreased, but the burden is still heavy. Lung cancer and stomach cancer are still the focus of prevention and treatment in the elderly population in Hebei province.