Objective: To analyze the association between insufficient sleep and score of depressive symptoms among junior and senior high school students, so as to provide a scientific reference for targeted early intervention measures of adolescents depressive symptoms. Methods: From September to November 2023, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 96 080 junior and senior high school students from 409 schools in 113 districts and counties in Shaanxi Province. A questionnaire survey was conducted using the 2023 Shaanxi Provincial Common Student Diseases and Health Influencing Factors Survey Form, and their height and weight were measured. Propensity score (PS) matched (1∶1) analysis was used to match participants with insufficient sleep to those sufficient sleep students. Through the gradual correction of the confounders, three multilevel linear models were established to analyze the association between insufficient sleep and depressive symptoms score, and subgroup analysis was conducted afterward. Results: A total of 70 135 (73.00%) students had insufficient sleep. After PS matching, 25 894 pairs were matched. Before PS matching, after adjusting for gender, educational stage, region, adolescent characteristics, boarding status, smoking, alcohol consumption, outdoor activities and body mass index grouping, linear regression analysis results showed that compared with students who got adequate sleep, students who lacked sleep had an increase of 1.39 scores ( B=1.39, 95%CI =1.28-1.51) in depressive symptoms; after PS matching, students with insufficient sleep got an increase of 1.32 scores ( B=1.32, 95%CI =1.17- 1.45 ) in depressive symptoms score compared with those who had adequate sleep (both P <0.05). Conclusions The insufficient sleep is associated with the increase of the depressive symptoms score of junior and senior high school students. It is recommended that junior and senior high school students should keep a good sleeping habit, so as to reduce the prevalence of depressive symptoms.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of spinal curvature abnormalities among primary and secondary school students in Henan Province, and to explore their association with classroom environment, so as to provide scientific evidence for targeted prevention and control strategies. Methods: From September to October 2025, 751 schools from 158 counties/districts in Henan Province were chosen by using a stratified random cluster sampling technique. A total of 4 019 classrooms were monitored and physical examinations for 202 293 students were conducted. By matching classroom environment monitoring data with student physical examination information, Chi square test and Chi square test for trend were used for between group comparisons, and a multilevel Logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between classroom environment and spinal curvature abnormalities among primary and secondary school students. Results: The detection rate of spinal curvature abnormalities among primary and secondary school students in Henan Province was 2.48% in 2025. The rate was higher in girls ( 2.65 %) compared to boys (2.32%), higher in urban students (3.23%) compared to rural students (2.01%), and higher in wasted students (3.89%) compared to non wasted students (2.39%); all differences were statistically significant ( χ 2=22.92, 298.34 , 100.84, all P <0.05). Age and school stage were associated with an increasing trend in the detection rate of spinal curvature abnormalities ( χ 2 trend = 1 494.46 , 1 430.79, both P <0.05). After controlling for confounding variables like residence area, sex, and age, multilevel Logistic regression analysis revealed that non compliance with desk-chair fit standards ( OR=1.47, 95%CI = 1.22-1.78), blackboard reflectance ( OR=1.18, 95%CI =1.06-1.33), and blackboard size ( OR =1.37, 95% CI =1.21-1.55) increased the risk of spinal curvature abnormalities among primary and secondary school students (all P <0.01). Conclusions There are population based differences in spinal curvature abnormalities among primary and secondary school students in Henan Province. The occurrence is strongly correlated with elements of the teaching environment. It is necessary to put in place comprehensive preventative and control strategies that focus on pertinent environmental elements.

Objective To investigate the clinical prognostic value of the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) undergoing partial nephrectomy.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of RCC patients who underwent partial nephrectomy at our hospital during 2020 and 2024.The optimal cutoff value of PNI was determined based on the maximum Youden index from the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.The clinicopathological characteristics, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) between patients with different PNI levels were compared.Cox regression analysis was used to explore the independent prognostic factors for RCC patients. Results Based on the ROC curve, the optimal cutoff value corresponding to the maximum Youden index was calculated to be 46.675, at which point the sensitivity was 65.3% and the specificity was 62.2%.Of the 815 patients included in the study, 293 (36.0%) patients had a PNI＜46.675.Cox regression analysis confirmed that preoperative PNI, tumor diameter, ISUP classification, and ECOG score were independent risk factors for postoperative OS in patients with RCC who underwent PN (P＜0.05).In addition, preoperative PNI, tumor diameter, ISUP classification and ECOG score were independent risk factors for postoperative PFS (P＜0.05).After covariates in the multivariable Cox regression model were adjusted, patients in the low PNI group demonstrated significantly shorter overall survival (HR=2.392, P＜0.001) and significantly poorer progression-free survival (HR=2.076, P＜0.001) compared to those in the high PNI group.Conclusion Preoperative PNI has significant clinical value in evaluating the prognosis of RCC patients undergoing partial nephrectomy.An elevated preoperative PNI is associated with a better prognosis.

Objective To investigate the correlation between serum microRNA(miR)-410,miR-17-5p,and miR-21 expression levels with disease activity in patients with psoriasis vulgaris.Methods A total of 126 pa-tients with psoriasis vulgaris who visited Department of Dermatology in the hospital from January 2022 to January 2024 were included as the research group(51 cases in the active phase,37 cases in the quiescent phase,and 38 cases in the degenerative phase).According to the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index(PASI)scoring method,the patients were assigned into 52 cases of mild piasis group and 74 cases of moderate to se-vere sis group.126 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations at the hospital were included as the control group.Fluorescence quantitative PCR was applied to detect the expression levels of miR-410,miR-17-5p,and miR-21.The general clinical data of the research group and the control group were compared.The expression levels of serum miR-410,miR-17-5p,and miR-21 were compared among different groups.Spearman method was applied to analyze the correlation between serum miR-410,miR-17-5p,miR-21 and disease activity(PASI score)in patients with psoriasis vulgaris.Receiver operating characteristic curve was applied to analyze the diagnostic value of serum miR-410,miR-17-5p,and miR-21 for disease activity in patients with psoriasis vulgaris.Results Compared with the control group,the serum miR-410 expression level in the research group was lower,while the serum miR-17-5p and miR-21 expression levels were higher(P＜0.05).The serum miR-410 expression level of patients with psoriasis vulgaris in different periods showed a decreasing trend and ser-um miR-17-5p and miR-21 expression levels showed increasing trends compared with the control group(P＜0.05).The serum miR-410 expression level in the moderate to severe group was lower than that in the mild group,while the serum miR-17-5p and miR-21 expression levels were higher than those in the mild group(P＜0.05).Serum miR-410 was negatively correlated with PASI score in patients with psoriasis vulgaris,while serum miR-17-5p and miR-21 were positively correlated with PASI score(P＜0.05).The area under the curve of serum miR-410,miR-17-5p,miR-21,and their combined diagnosis for disease activity in patients with psoriasis vulgaris was 0.790,0.843,0.795,and 0.969,respectively.The combination of the three was superior to their individual diagnosis.Conclusion The occurrence and development of psoriasis vulgaris are related to the expression levels of serum miR-410,miR-17-5p and miR-21,and the changes in the expression levels of three could evaluate the severity of the disease in patients with psoriasis vulgaris.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of membrane proteins in eukaryotes, with nearly 800 genes coding for these proteins. They are involved in many physiological processes, such as light perception, taste and smell, neurotransmitter, metabolism, endocrine and exocrine, cell growth and migration. Importantly, GPCRs and their ligands are the targets of approximately one third of all marketed drugs. GPCRs are traditionally known for their role in transmitting signals from the extracellular environment to the cell's interior via the plasma membrane. However, emerging evidence suggests that GPCRs are also localized on mitochondria, where they play critical roles in modulating mitochondrial functions. These mitochondrial GPCRs (mGPCRs) can influence processes such as mitochondrial respiration, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. By interacting with mitochondrial signaling pathways, mGPCRs contribute to the regulation of energy metabolism and cell survival. Their presence on mitochondria adds a new layer of complexity to the understanding of cellular signaling, highlighting the organelle's role as not just an energy powerhouse but also a crucial hub for signal transduction. This expanding understanding of mGPCR function on mitochondria opens new avenues for research, particularly in the context of diseases where mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role. Abnormalities in the phase conductance pathway of GPCRs located on mitochondria are closely associated with the development of systemic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we examined the various types of GPCRs identified on mitochondrial membranes and analyzed the complex relationships between mGPCRs and the pathogenesis of various diseases. We aim to provide a clearer understanding of the emerging significance of mGPCRs in health and disease, and to underscore their potential as therapeutic targets in the treatment of these conditions.

Objective To investigate the risk of thoracoabdominal injuries in six-year-old child occupants in a reclined seating posture during frontal collisions,and provide a reference for developing child restraint systems(CRS).Methods Three validated biomechanical models of six-year-old child occupants in different seating postures with detailed anatomical structures were used.The acceleration curve from a sport utility vehicle crash test was applied to analyze the effects of seating posture on thoracic motion trajectory,chest acceleration,thoracoabdominal compression,viscous criterion(VC)of the chest and abdomen,internal organ strain,and spinal stress.Results Thoracic motion trajectories varied in the Z-direction under three seating postures.As the upper torso angle increased,thoracoabdominal kinematic injury parameters showed an upward trend.The thoracic and abdominal VC under 120° and 135° posture increased by 67％and 113％,10.7％and 25％compared with that under 105° standard sitting posture.The risk of thoracic internal organ injury was inversely related to the seating angle,while the risk of abdominal internal organ injury was positively related to the seating angle.The primary spinal injury mechanism was compression-flexion.Conclusions CRS protection evaluation should comprehensively consider thoracoabdominal kinematic parameters,internal organ biomechanics,and spinal injury risk.These findings have important implications for CRS development in intelligent driving systems and occupant protection strategy formulation.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of Bai Ling Long Zao An Shen formula(BLLZ)in sleep improvement in an environmental stress-induced insomnia rat model and explore its underlying mechanisms.METHODS(1)Component analysis:the chemical constituents of the BLLZ extract were analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS).(2)Eval-uation of the sedative and hypnotic effect:① Mice:50 ICR mice were randomly divided into normal control group,BLLZ-L group(5,10 and 20 g·kg-1)and diazepam group(DZP,3 mg·kg-1).After five days of intragastric administration,pentobarbital sodium-induced righting reflex and locomotor activity tests were performed.② Rats:8 SD rats were implanted with electrodes and allowed to recover for seven days before baseline EEG data was collected over 24 h.A crossover design(7 d washout period)was employed,with rats randomly assigned to the DZP(3 mg·kg-1)and BLLZ(20 g·kg-1)group.After five days of treatment,24 h EEG recordings were obtained.(3)Insomnia model and interventions:①8 SD rats were allowed to recover for seven days post-surgery,followed by 6 h(14:00-20:00)baseline EEG recording.A 3×3 crossover design was used to assign rats to model(environmental stress-induced insomnia),model+DZP,or model+BLLZ groups.After five days of treatment,insomnia was induced by frequent cage changes(14:00,16:00 and 18:00),and EEG changes were monitored.(4)Mechanistic study:32 SD rats were randomly divided into the normal control group,model group,and model+DZP group.After five days of treatment,hypothalamic tissues were collected for biochemi-cal analysis.γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA),glutamate(Glu),and dopamine(DA)levels were measured using biochemical kits while γ aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1(GABAA1),core clock proteins period circadian regulator 2(PER2)and circadian locomotor output cycles(CLOCK)protein expressions were assessed by Western blotting.RESULTS(1)Compared with the normal control group,the sleep latency of BLLZ 10 and 20 g·kg-1 and DZP groups was significantly shortened,and the locomotor activity of BLLZ 20 g·kg-1 and DZP groups was significantly reduced;BLLZ 20 g·kg-1 signifi-cantly increased the total sleep time,slow-wave sleep time,and average duration of sleep in normal rats,and significantly reduced the wakefulness time.(2)The total sleep time and slow-wave sleep time of the model group significantly decreased and the wakefulness time significantly increased compared with baseline.(3)Compared with the model group,the total sleep time and slow-wave sleep time of the model+BLLZ group and the model+DZP group were significantly increased,and the wakefulness time significantly shortened.(4)Compared with the normal control group,the Glu/GABA ratio,DA content and CLOCK protein expression were significantly increased and GABAA1 and PER2 protein expres-sion were significantly decreased in the model group;compared with the model group,the Glu/GABA ratio,DA content and CLOCK protein expression were significantly decreased,and the expression of GABAA1 and PER2 were significantly increased in the model+BLLLZ group and the model+DZP group.CONCLUSION BLLZ has sedative and hypnotic effects.It can prolong the total slow-wave sleep time by increasing the average duration of slow-wave sleep episodes,thereby increasing the total sleep time and improving environmental stress-induced insomnia.The mechanism may be related to the downregulation of the Glu/GABA ratio and DA levels as well as the enhancement of GABAA1 expressions and the regulation of hypothalamic core clock protein expressions.

Objective To investigate the risk of thoracoabdominal injuries in six-year-old child occupants in a reclined seating posture during frontal collisions,and provide a reference for developing child restraint systems(CRS).Methods Three validated biomechanical models of six-year-old child occupants in different seating postures with detailed anatomical structures were used.The acceleration curve from a sport utility vehicle crash test was applied to analyze the effects of seating posture on thoracic motion trajectory,chest acceleration,thoracoabdominal compression,viscous criterion(VC)of the chest and abdomen,internal organ strain,and spinal stress.Results Thoracic motion trajectories varied in the Z-direction under three seating postures.As the upper torso angle increased,thoracoabdominal kinematic injury parameters showed an upward trend.The thoracic and abdominal VC under 120° and 135° posture increased by 67％and 113％,10.7％and 25％compared with that under 105° standard sitting posture.The risk of thoracic internal organ injury was inversely related to the seating angle,while the risk of abdominal internal organ injury was positively related to the seating angle.The primary spinal injury mechanism was compression-flexion.Conclusions CRS protection evaluation should comprehensively consider thoracoabdominal kinematic parameters,internal organ biomechanics,and spinal injury risk.These findings have important implications for CRS development in intelligent driving systems and occupant protection strategy formulation.

G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)are the largest family of membrane proteins in eukaryotes,with nearly 800 genes coding for these proteins.They are involved in many physiological processes,such as light perception,taste and smell,neurotransmitter,metabolism,endocrine and exocrine,cell growth and migration.Importantly,GPCRs and their ligands are the targets of approximately one third of all mar-keted drugs.GPCRs are traditionally known for their role in transmitting signals from the extracellular environment to the cell's interior via the plasma membrane.However,emerging evidence suggests that GPCRs are also localized on mitochondria,where they play critical roles in modulating mitochondrial functions.These mitochondrial GPCRs(mGPCRs)can influence processes such as mitochondrial respi-ration,apoptosis,and reactive oxygen species(ROS)production.By interacting with mitochondrial signaling pathways,mGPCRs contribute to the regulation of energy metabolism and cell survival.Their presence on mitochondria adds a new layer of complexity to the understanding of cellular signaling,highlighting the organelle's role as not just an energy powerhouse but also a crucial hub for signal transduction.This expanding understanding of mGPCR function on mitochondria opens new avenues for research,particularly in the context of diseases where mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role.Ab-normalities in the phase conductance pathway of GPCRs located on mitochondria are closely associated with the development of systemic diseases such as cardiovascular disease,diabetes,obesity and Alz-heimer's disease.In this review,we examined the various types of GPCRs identified on mitochondrial membranes and analyzed the complex relationships between mGPCRs and the pathogenesis of various diseases.We aim to provide a clearer understanding of the emerging significance of mGPCRs in health and disease,and to underscore their potential as therapeutic targets in the treatment of these conditions.

Objective: To analyze the trends, gender, and age differences in the incidence of lip and oral cavity cancer in Chinese population from 1990 to 2021 and predict future incidence trends, providing a scientific basis for disease prevention and public health policy. Methods: Incidence data of lip and oral cavity cancer in Chinese population from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database from 1990 to 2021 were analyzed. The Joinpoint regression model was used to assess temporal trends, the age-period-cohort model was used to evaluate the independent effects of age, period, and cohort, and the Bayesian age-period-cohort model (BAPC) model was used to predict incidence trends from 2022 to 2044. Results: From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized incidence rate of lip and oral cavity cancer in Chinese population increased from 2.39/100 000 to 3.76/100 000, and the crude incidence rate rose from 1.71/100 000 to 4.85/100 000. The incidence rate in males was higher and increased more rapidly than in females. Higher incidence rates were prevalent among older populations, a rapid increase in incidence rates occurred during 2003 to 2012, and earlier birth cohorts showed overall higher risks. BAPC predictions indicated a continued rise in incidence from 2022 to 2044. During this period, male incidence stabilized while female incidence increased at a relatively faster rate. Conclusion The incidence of lip and oral cavity cancer in Chinese population has revealed a continuous upward trend, particularly among males and older populations. Future prevention strategies should focus on these high-risk populations.