Objective To investigate the distribution of A subgroups in the A and AB blood type populations among voluntary blood donors in Zhongshan,study the antigen-antibody characteristics of A subgroups,establish a local A subgroup database,and support the development of precision medicine.Methods ABO subgroup screening was performed using the microplate method.Specimens negative for monoclonal anti-A1 reactivity underwent sequencing of exons 1～7 of the ABO gene to confirm genotypes.Cryopreservation and thawing of glycerolized subgroup red blood cells(RBCs),as well as preservation efficacy of concentrated human-derived antibodies with preservatives,were studied.Results Among 1 212 blood donor specimens,28 subgroup specimens were identified,with a prevalence of 1.54%(15/971)in blood type A and 5.39%(13/241)in blood type AB.Sequencing of 10 specimens revealed 7 ABO genotypes:ABO*A2.01/O.01.02(2 cases),ABO*A1.02/B.01(3 cases),ABO*BA.02/O.01.02,ABO*AW.31.02-05/A2.05,ABO*A2.05/B.01,ABO*A2new/O.01.01,and ABO*A1.02/O.01.01(1 case each).Additionally,one rare allele mutation(c.700C>G)and one novel allele mutation(c.203G>T)(GenBank accession number:PQ152337)were identified.Human anti-A1 antibodies with a titer of 8 were successfully concentrated.Optimal preservation conditions included 0.1%preservative concentration and cryopreserved subgroup RBCs stored at 4℃for 3 days post-thaw.Conclusion The predominant A subgroups in Zhongshan donors are A2 and B(A).A preliminary database for A2 and A2B subgroups is established,along with the discovery of a novel ABO allele mutation.Cryopreservation with glycerol,PEG antibody concentration,and ProClin 300 preservative demonstrate effective applications in preserving ABO blood group antigens and antibodies.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of perineal massage during pregnancy, when combined with Kegel exercises, on preventing perineal injury, and to provide a basis for offering safer and more effective delivery intervention measures for expectant mothers.Methods:Randomized controlled trials on perineal massage combined with Kegel exercises for preventing perineal injury were retrieved from databases such as CNKI, Wanfang database, VIP database, CBM database, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, from their inception to December 28, 2024. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software.Results:A total of 15 articles were included, involving 2 393 research subjects. The results of the Meta-analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the first stage of labor ( MD = - 1.63, 95% CI - 1.93 - - 1.30, P<0.001), the second stage of labor ( MD = - 32.58, 95% CI - 42.26 - - 22.90, P<0.01), and the third stage of labor time ( MD = - 3.41, 95% CI - 9.91 - - 2.91, P<0.001); the degree of perineal laceration Ⅱ ( OR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.28 - 0.58, P<0.001), Ⅲ( OR = 0.38, 95% CI 0.24 - 0.60, P<0.001), and Ⅳ( OR = 0.13, 95% CI 0.03 - 0.51, P = 0.003); the rate of perineal incision ( OR = 0.15, 95% CI 0.07 - 0.34, P<0.001), the rate of perineal laceration ( OR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.25 - 0.46, P<0.001), the rate of intact perineum ( OR = 6.30, 95% CI 3.20 - 12.40, P<0.001), and the amount of perineal bleeding ( MD = - 29.72, 95% CI - 43.51 - - 15.93, P<0.001), the difference was statistically significant. Conclusions:Prenatal perineal massage combined with Kegel exercises is a safe, effective and easily implementable intervention method. It is highly effective in preventing perineal injuries and shortening the duration of labor. It not only reduces the risk of postpartum complications but also helps to optimize the delivery experience. Therefore, this combined intervention method can be regarded as one of the important measures for preventing perineal injuries and should be widely promoted in clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the distribution of A subgroups in the A and AB blood type populations among voluntary blood donors in Zhongshan,study the antigen-antibody characteristics of A subgroups,establish a local A subgroup database,and support the development of precision medicine.Methods ABO subgroup screening was performed using the microplate method.Specimens negative for monoclonal anti-A1 reactivity underwent sequencing of exons 1～7 of the ABO gene to confirm genotypes.Cryopreservation and thawing of glycerolized subgroup red blood cells(RBCs),as well as preservation efficacy of concentrated human-derived antibodies with preservatives,were studied.Results Among 1 212 blood donor specimens,28 subgroup specimens were identified,with a prevalence of 1.54%(15/971)in blood type A and 5.39%(13/241)in blood type AB.Sequencing of 10 specimens revealed 7 ABO genotypes:ABO*A2.01/O.01.02(2 cases),ABO*A1.02/B.01(3 cases),ABO*BA.02/O.01.02,ABO*AW.31.02-05/A2.05,ABO*A2.05/B.01,ABO*A2new/O.01.01,and ABO*A1.02/O.01.01(1 case each).Additionally,one rare allele mutation(c.700C>G)and one novel allele mutation(c.203G>T)(GenBank accession number:PQ152337)were identified.Human anti-A1 antibodies with a titer of 8 were successfully concentrated.Optimal preservation conditions included 0.1%preservative concentration and cryopreserved subgroup RBCs stored at 4℃for 3 days post-thaw.Conclusion The predominant A subgroups in Zhongshan donors are A2 and B(A).A preliminary database for A2 and A2B subgroups is established,along with the discovery of a novel ABO allele mutation.Cryopreservation with glycerol,PEG antibody concentration,and ProClin 300 preservative demonstrate effective applications in preserving ABO blood group antigens and antibodies.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of perineal massage during pregnancy, when combined with Kegel exercises, on preventing perineal injury, and to provide a basis for offering safer and more effective delivery intervention measures for expectant mothers.Methods:Randomized controlled trials on perineal massage combined with Kegel exercises for preventing perineal injury were retrieved from databases such as CNKI, Wanfang database, VIP database, CBM database, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, from their inception to December 28, 2024. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software.Results:A total of 15 articles were included, involving 2 393 research subjects. The results of the Meta-analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the first stage of labor ( MD = - 1.63, 95% CI - 1.93 - - 1.30, P<0.001), the second stage of labor ( MD = - 32.58, 95% CI - 42.26 - - 22.90, P<0.01), and the third stage of labor time ( MD = - 3.41, 95% CI - 9.91 - - 2.91, P<0.001); the degree of perineal laceration Ⅱ ( OR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.28 - 0.58, P<0.001), Ⅲ( OR = 0.38, 95% CI 0.24 - 0.60, P<0.001), and Ⅳ( OR = 0.13, 95% CI 0.03 - 0.51, P = 0.003); the rate of perineal incision ( OR = 0.15, 95% CI 0.07 - 0.34, P<0.001), the rate of perineal laceration ( OR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.25 - 0.46, P<0.001), the rate of intact perineum ( OR = 6.30, 95% CI 3.20 - 12.40, P<0.001), and the amount of perineal bleeding ( MD = - 29.72, 95% CI - 43.51 - - 15.93, P<0.001), the difference was statistically significant. Conclusions:Prenatal perineal massage combined with Kegel exercises is a safe, effective and easily implementable intervention method. It is highly effective in preventing perineal injuries and shortening the duration of labor. It not only reduces the risk of postpartum complications but also helps to optimize the delivery experience. Therefore, this combined intervention method can be regarded as one of the important measures for preventing perineal injuries and should be widely promoted in clinical practice.

Objective To observe the changes of laboratory blood indexes in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy(ICP),and analyze the value of blood inflammation indexes and liver function indexes in the diagnosis of ICP and the prediction of delivery mode.Methods A total of 251 patients diagnosed with ICP in this hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were selected as the ICP group,and another 200 healthy pregnant women were selected as the control group.The patients with ICP were further divided into the severe ICP group(n=47)and the mild ICP group(n=204),the vaginal delivery group(n=113)and the cesarean section group(n=138)according to the severity of ICP and delivery mode.Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of parameters between groups,and Spearman method was used for correlation analy-sis.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were used to evaluate the efficacy of laboratory indicators in diagnosing ICP and predicting delivery mode.Results Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio(NLR)[6.01(4.45,8.37)vs.3.36(4.12,3.51)]and aspartate transaminase(AST)level[20.00(16.00,33.00)U/L vs.15.00(13.00,18.00)U/L]in the ICP group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05),and NLR in the severe ICP group was significantly higher than that in the mild ICP group[4.93(3.87,7.35)vs.4.14(3.12,5.17),P＜0.05].Correlation analysis showed that NLR was positively correlated with AST level(r=0.279,P＜0.001)and ICP severity(r=0.139,P=0.028)in patients with ICP.The area under ROC curve(AUC)of NLR combined with AST for ICP diagnosis was 0.882(95％CI:0.851-0.913).In ad-dition,cholinesterase(CHE)[6 020.00(5 499.50,6 703.50)U/L vs.5 341.50(4 651.75,6 259.25)U/L]and prealbumin(PA)[199.00(177.71,225.20)mg/Lvs.169.17(139.18,204.40)mg/L]levels in the va-ginal delivery group were significantly higher than those in the cesarean section group(P＜0.05),and the AUC of CHE combined with PA for predicting vaginal delivery in ICP patients was 0.727(95％CI:0.664-0.789).Conclusion NLR and AST have potential value in the diagnosis of ICP,and CHE and PA have poten-tial value in predicting delivery mode of ICP patients.

Objective:The aim of this study was to explore the molecular mechanisms of sulforaphane in the treatment of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), identify metabolomic biomarkers associated with efficacy and construct efficacy prediction models.Methods:Forty children with ASD who were treated in Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and Guangzhou Huiai Hospital were recruited from August 2016 to May 2019. The patients were randomly allocated into sulforaphane treatment group ( n=26) and placebo group ( n=14). The OSU Autism Rating Scale-DSM-Ⅳ (OARS-4) was used to assess the change in clinical symptoms of children with ASD at baseline, week 4, week 8 and week 12 of treatment. A generalized linear mixed model was used to compare the differences in OARS-4 scale scores between groups and time. Plasma samples were collected from patients before and after treatment for untargeted metabolomic detection using ultra performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS). Differential metabolites were screened using ANOVA-component analysis, and metabolic pathway analysis was performed. Then, spearman correlation analysis was performed to find differential metabolites significantly associated with the efficacy of sulforaphane treatment, and finally Fisher′s discriminant analysis was used to screen for efficacy predictors. Result:After 12 weeks of treatment, the clinical symptoms improvement was significantly better in the sulforaphane group than in the placebo group ( F=14.11, P<0.001). There were differences in a total of 201 metabolites between the two groups, which were mainly significantly enriched in glycerophospholipid metabolism and primary bile acid biosynthesis pathways. Spearman′s correlation analysis showed that taurine, phosphatidylserine and lysophosphatidylserine were significantly positively associated with symptom changes in patients with ASD ( r=0.643, 0.401, 0.414, P<0.05 or 0.001), while lysophosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin and triglyceride metabolites were significantly negatively associated with symptom changes ( r=-0.481--0.392, all P<0.05). Among them, sphingomyelin (d35∶1) and taurine entered the Fisher′s discriminant analysis model, which the accuracy of efficacy prediction was 84.6%(22/26). Conclusions:The molecular mechanism of sulforaphane in improving ASD related clinical symptoms may be related to cell membrane phospholipid metabolism. Sphingomyelin (d35∶1) and taurine may be possible predictors on the efficacy of sulforaphane in the treatment of ASD.

Objective:The aim of this study was to explore the molecular mechanisms of sulforaphane in the treatment of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), identify metabolomic biomarkers associated with efficacy and construct efficacy prediction models.Methods:Forty children with ASD who were treated in Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and Guangzhou Huiai Hospital were recruited from August 2016 to May 2019. The patients were randomly allocated into sulforaphane treatment group ( n=26) and placebo group ( n=14). The OSU Autism Rating Scale-DSM-Ⅳ (OARS-4) was used to assess the change in clinical symptoms of children with ASD at baseline, week 4, week 8 and week 12 of treatment. A generalized linear mixed model was used to compare the differences in OARS-4 scale scores between groups and time. Plasma samples were collected from patients before and after treatment for untargeted metabolomic detection using ultra performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS). Differential metabolites were screened using ANOVA-component analysis, and metabolic pathway analysis was performed. Then, spearman correlation analysis was performed to find differential metabolites significantly associated with the efficacy of sulforaphane treatment, and finally Fisher′s discriminant analysis was used to screen for efficacy predictors. Result:After 12 weeks of treatment, the clinical symptoms improvement was significantly better in the sulforaphane group than in the placebo group ( F=14.11, P<0.001). There were differences in a total of 201 metabolites between the two groups, which were mainly significantly enriched in glycerophospholipid metabolism and primary bile acid biosynthesis pathways. Spearman′s correlation analysis showed that taurine, phosphatidylserine and lysophosphatidylserine were significantly positively associated with symptom changes in patients with ASD ( r=0.643, 0.401, 0.414, P<0.05 or 0.001), while lysophosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin and triglyceride metabolites were significantly negatively associated with symptom changes ( r=-0.481--0.392, all P<0.05). Among them, sphingomyelin (d35∶1) and taurine entered the Fisher′s discriminant analysis model, which the accuracy of efficacy prediction was 84.6%(22/26). Conclusions:The molecular mechanism of sulforaphane in improving ASD related clinical symptoms may be related to cell membrane phospholipid metabolism. Sphingomyelin (d35∶1) and taurine may be possible predictors on the efficacy of sulforaphane in the treatment of ASD.

Marine microorganisms, especially marine fungi, have historically proven their value as a prolific source for structurally novel and pharmacologically active secondary metabolites (Deshmukh et al., 2018; Carroll et al., 2022). The corals constitute a dominant part of reefs with the highest biodiversity, and harbor highly diverse and abundant microbial symbionts in their tissue, skeleton, and mucus layer, with species-specific core members that are spatially partitioned across coral microhabitats (Wang WQ et al., 2022). The coral-associated fungi were very recently found to be vital producers of structurally diverse compounds, terpenes, alkaloids, peptides, aromatics, lactones, and steroids. They demonstrate a wide range of bioactivity such as anticancer, antimicrobial, and antifouling activity (Chen et al., 2022). The genetically powerful genus Emericella (Ascomycota), which has marine and terrestrial sources, includes over 30 species and is distributed worldwide. It is considered a rich source of diverse secondary metabolites with antimicrobial activity or cytotoxicity (Alburae et al., 2020). Notably, Emericella nidulans, the sexual state of a classic biosynthetic strain Aspergillus nidulans, was recently reported as an important source of highly methylated polyketides (Li et al., 2019) and isoindolone-containing meroterpenoids (Zhou et al., 2016) with unusual skeletons.
Animals ; Aspergillus nidulans ; Polyketides/chemistry* ; Anthozoa/microbiology* ; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology* ; Alkaloids

The Ly-6 and uPAR (LU) domain-containing proteins represent a large family of cell-surface markers. In particular, mouse Ly-6A/Sca-1 is a widely used marker for various stem cells; however, its human ortholog is missing. In this study, based on a systematic survey and comparative genomic study of mouse and human LU domain-containing proteins, we identified a previously unannotated human gene encoding the candidate ortholog of mouse Ly-6A/Sca-1. This gene, hereby named LY6A, reversely overlaps with a lncRNA gene in the majority of exonic sequences. We found that LY6A is aberrantly expressed in pituitary tumors, but not in normal pituitary tissues, and may contribute to tumorigenesis. Similar to mouse Ly-6A/Sca-1, human LY6A is also upregulated by interferon, suggesting a conserved transcriptional regulatory mechanism between humans and mice. We cloned the full-length LY6A cDNA, whose encoded protein sequence, domain architecture, and exon-intron structures are all well conserved with mouse Ly-6A/Sca-1. Ectopic expression of the LY6A protein in cells demonstrates that it acts the same as mouse Ly-6A/Sca-1 in their processing and glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchoring to the cell membrane. Collectively, these studies unveil a novel human gene encoding a candidate biomarker and provide an interesting model gene for studying gene regulatory and evolutionary mechanisms.
Humans ; Membrane Proteins/genetics* ; Pituitary Neoplasms/genetics* ; Biomarkers

Objective: To explore the effect of group cognitive behavioral therapy (GCBT) on cognitive control among college students with high obsessive compulsive traits, to provide basic information for the psychological counseling intervention for college students. Methods: From March to April 2019, 687 students were conveniently selected from 2 universities in Hefei. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 58 students with high obsessive traits were selected and divided into experimental group ( n =29) and control group ( n =29) by random number table method. The experimental group received cognitive behavioral group counseling for 4 weeks (1.5 h each time, twice a week), while the control group receive no intervention. The Obsessive Compulsive Inventory Revised (OCI-R), Stroop Color Word Test (SCWT), Digital Span Test (DST), and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WSCT) were used to assess in two groups at baseline and 4 weeks later. Results: After 4 weeks, the scores of OCI-R in the GCBT group (10.28±7.22) was lower than that of in the control group (15.90±10.20) ( t=2.42, P<0.05). Before and after intervention, compared with the control group [(21.89±6.63, 20.52±7.37)s, (8.62±4.43, 8.04±4.84)s] in Stroop C and Stroop interfere effects (SIE), the GCBT group [(22.14±4.92, 16.81±3.43)s, (8.36±3.87, 4.82±1.86)s], the interaction of time group was statistically significant ( F =14.60, 10.54, P <0.05). Compared with the control group (6.21±1.35, 6.55±1.45)times, the scores of DST reverse in the GCBT group (6.31±1.44, 7.24±1.38) times were statistically significant ( F=3.96, P <0.05). Conclusion It suggests that cognitive behavioral group counseling can improve the inhibitory control and working memory of college students with high obsessive compulsive traits, but does not change the cognitive flexibility.