OBJECTIVE: To review clinical application and research progress of different types of intelligent responsive hydrogels in repairing articular cartilage injury. METHODS: The animal experiments and clinical studies of different types of intelligent responsive hydrogels for repairing articular cartilage injury were summarized by reviewing relevant literature at home and abroad. RESULTS: The intrinsic regenerative capacity of articular cartilage following injury is limited. Intelligent responsive hydrogels, including those that are temperature-sensitive, light-sensitive, enzyme-responsive, pH-sensitive, and other stimuli-responsive hydrogels, can undergo phase transitions in response to specific stimuli, thereby achieving optimal functionality. These hydrogels can fill the injured cartilage area, promote the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes, and expedite the repair of the damaged site. With advancements in cartilage tissue engineering materials research, intelligent responsive hydrogels offer a novel approach and promising potential for the treatment of cartilage injuries. CONCLUSION Intelligent responsive hydrogel is a kind of flexible, controllable, efficient, and stable polymer, which has similar structure and functional properties to articular cartilage, and has become one of the important biomaterials for cartilage repair. However, there is still a lack of unified treatment standards and simple and efficient preparation technology.
Hydrogels/therapeutic use* ; Cartilage, Articular/injuries* ; Tissue Engineering/methods* ; Humans ; Animals ; Chondrocytes/cytology* ; Biocompatible Materials/chemistry* ; Tissue Scaffolds/chemistry*

Objective To explore the clinical features and prognostic factors of adult hemophagocytic syndrome(HPS).Methods The clinical data of 68 newly diagnosed patients with HPS who were hospitalized from December 2018 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed,and clinical features,treatment and prognostic factors of patients were analyzed.Results The median age of 68 patients was 49(17-75)years old,the most common cause was infection,40 cases(58.82％),and the most common clinical manifestation was fever,63 cases(92.6％).Of the 68 patients,12(17.65％)patients died and the median survival time was 32 months.Cox univariate analysis showed that the prognosis of adult HPS was affected by SF,epstein-barr virus(EBV)infection,platelet count(＜20× 109/L),age over 60 years old,activated partial thromboplastin over 60s and other factors(P＜0.05).Multivariate Cox analysis showed that EBV infection and platelet count(＜20×109/L)were independent prognostic factors of adult HPS(P＜0.05).Conclusion The clinical manifestations of adult HPS are not typical,and the prognosis of adult HPS is affected by many factors.EBV infection and platelet count(＜20× 109/L)are independent risk factors for death.

Objective To explore the clinical features and prognostic factors of adult hemophagocytic syndrome(HPS).Methods The clinical data of 68 newly diagnosed patients with HPS who were hospitalized from December 2018 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed,and clinical features,treatment and prognostic factors of patients were analyzed.Results The median age of 68 patients was 49(17-75)years old,the most common cause was infection,40 cases(58.82％),and the most common clinical manifestation was fever,63 cases(92.6％).Of the 68 patients,12(17.65％)patients died and the median survival time was 32 months.Cox univariate analysis showed that the prognosis of adult HPS was affected by SF,epstein-barr virus(EBV)infection,platelet count(＜20× 109/L),age over 60 years old,activated partial thromboplastin over 60s and other factors(P＜0.05).Multivariate Cox analysis showed that EBV infection and platelet count(＜20×109/L)were independent prognostic factors of adult HPS(P＜0.05).Conclusion The clinical manifestations of adult HPS are not typical,and the prognosis of adult HPS is affected by many factors.EBV infection and platelet count(＜20× 109/L)are independent risk factors for death.

Objective To investigate the relationships between adolescents'body mass index(BMI),blood pressure(BP),and myopia and provide a scientific basis for the formulation of myopia prevention and control measures.Methods Adolescent students who par-ticipated in physical fitness surveillance in Chenghua District,Chengdu,from 2014 to 2023 were selected as the study population.A cross-sectional study was conducted using multiple logistic regression,adjusting for age,sex,BP,and pulse as covariates.A Cox model was employed to examine the relationship between obesity and myopia.Additionally,for the 2023 dataset,characterized by the largest sample size and most complete data,a mediation analysis was performed with mean BP as the mediator.Results Annual cross-sectional analysis from 2014 to 2023 revealed a significant positive association between obesity and myopia,with OR and 95％CI of 1.16(1.10-1.22),1.15(1.08-1.21),1.19(1.12-1.26),1.11(1.04-1.18),1.10(1.05-1.15),1.10(1.05-1.16),1.07(1.03-1.12),1.10(1.05-1.15),1.12(1.07-1.17),and 1.11(1.06-1.15),respectively.Similarly,cohort analysis showed a significant positive association between obesity and myopia(HR=1.09,95％CI:1.01-1.19).Mediation analysis indicated that BP accounted for 21.2％of the total effect of obesity on myopia.Conclusion Obesity facilitates the onset of myopia,and weight reduction can help decrease the likelihood of latter.Furthermore,BP mediates the impact of obesity on myopia.Implementing BP-lowering interventions in obese populations may aid in the prevention of myopia.

Objective To investigate the relationships between adolescents'body mass index(BMI),blood pressure(BP),and myopia and provide a scientific basis for the formulation of myopia prevention and control measures.Methods Adolescent students who par-ticipated in physical fitness surveillance in Chenghua District,Chengdu,from 2014 to 2023 were selected as the study population.A cross-sectional study was conducted using multiple logistic regression,adjusting for age,sex,BP,and pulse as covariates.A Cox model was employed to examine the relationship between obesity and myopia.Additionally,for the 2023 dataset,characterized by the largest sample size and most complete data,a mediation analysis was performed with mean BP as the mediator.Results Annual cross-sectional analysis from 2014 to 2023 revealed a significant positive association between obesity and myopia,with OR and 95％CI of 1.16(1.10-1.22),1.15(1.08-1.21),1.19(1.12-1.26),1.11(1.04-1.18),1.10(1.05-1.15),1.10(1.05-1.16),1.07(1.03-1.12),1.10(1.05-1.15),1.12(1.07-1.17),and 1.11(1.06-1.15),respectively.Similarly,cohort analysis showed a significant positive association between obesity and myopia(HR=1.09,95％CI:1.01-1.19).Mediation analysis indicated that BP accounted for 21.2％of the total effect of obesity on myopia.Conclusion Obesity facilitates the onset of myopia,and weight reduction can help decrease the likelihood of latter.Furthermore,BP mediates the impact of obesity on myopia.Implementing BP-lowering interventions in obese populations may aid in the prevention of myopia.

Objective:To explore the effect of getting out of bed activity 6 hours after silicone breast augmentation surgery on the comfort of patients.Methods:From May 2019 to August 2020, 84 female patients aged 20-37 (28.34±6.27) years who underwent silicone breast augmentation surgery at the Department of Plastic Surgery and Cosmetology at the Second People′s Hospital of Guangdong Province were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group, with 42 patients in each group, using a random number table method. The control group got out of bed 24 hours after surgery, while the observation group got out of bed 6 hours after surgery. The chest drainage and fixation patency, comfort, silicone prosthesis displacement, and incision bleeding rate between the two groups of patients were compared 24 hours after surgery.Results:The extraction time of the thoracic drainage tube in the observation group was (82.64±11.78 hours), which was shorter than that in the control group (90.67±12.44 hours), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=5.369, P<0.01). The comfort scores of the observation group patients at 6 hours after surgery (95.07±4.14) and 24 hours after surgery (97.52±4.07) were higher than those of the control group at 6 hours (91.14±4.03) and 24 hours (94.19±3.93), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=4.413, 3.832, both P<0.01); 7 days after surgery, there were 2 cases of silicone prosthesis displacement in the observation group, with an incidence rate of 4.76% (2/42); there were 2 cases of silicone prosthesis displacement in the control group, with an incidence rate of 4.76% (2/42); there were 6 cases of incision bleeding, with an incidence rate of 14.29% (6/42); there were 5 cases of incision bleeding in the control group, with an incidence rate of 11.90% (5/42). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of silicone implant displacement and incision bleeding between the two groups (χ 2=0.21, 0.10, P>0.05). Conclusions:Getting out of bed and moving around 6 hours after silicone breast augmentation surgery can help improve the patient′s physical comfort, ensure smooth fixation of the chest drainage tube, and do not increase the occurrence of incision bleeding in patients.

AIM:To explore the effects of moderate-altitude exposure on intestinal flora in healthy individuals.METHODS:The aid-Tibet cadres,who were sent to work from Guangdong(average altitude<50 m)to Nyingchi(average altitude of 2 900 m),were recruited.A total of 76 samples were collected,including 42 samples from healthy adults with plateau living for 0 day and 34 samples from healthy adults with plateau living for 6 months.Fecal samples DNA were ex-tracted,sequenced by the 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology and analyzed bioinformatically.RESULTS:Compared with the base group,α diversity was increased(P=4.00×10-4)and β diversity was decreased(P=1.00×10-3).After moderate altitude exposure,the relative abundance of phylum Proteobacteria(|LDA|>4,P<0.05),genus Escherich-ia-Shigella,species Enterococcus_faecalis,Haemophilus_influenzae and Helicobacter_sp._UNSW1.7sp decreased(adjust-ed P<0.05),wheras the relative abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes(|LDA|>4,P<0.05),genus Butyricimona,species Lactobacillus_sp._RA2113(s)and Butyricimonas_sp._Marseille-P2440(s)increased(adjusted P<0.05).The function-al prediction by PICRUSt showed a decrease in the relative abundance of pathway related to xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism,membrane transport and amino acid metabolism(adjusted P<0.05).Conversely,the relative abundance of pathway related to biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites and nucleotide metabolism was increased(adjusted P<0.05).Finally,the results of microbiome phenotype prediction by BugBase showed that moderate altitude exposure im-proves the gut microbiota functions involving anaerobic oxygen tolerance and gram positive(adjusted P<0.05).And bacte-ria containing facultatively anaerobic oxygen tolerance,oxidative stress tolerance,gram negative and biofilm formation in the six-group decreased significantly compared with those in base group(adjusted P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Moderate altitude exposure impacts the diversity,abundance and function of intestinal flora in healthy population,suggesting that al-titude factors may have some influence on gut microbiota.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Mashao Pingchuan decoction （MSPC） on lipopolysaccharides （LPS）-induced autophagy in human bronchial airway epithelial cells （16HBE） via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） signaling pathway. Method16HBE cells were selected for the study， and cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） was used to detect the activity of of LPS-induced 16HBE cells and the effect of MSPC-containing serum on the cells. Suitable LPS-induced 16HBE cells were screened by the CCK-8 method， and the content of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） was measured to identify the established model. And MSPC-containing serum was prepared. The cells were divided into normal group， LPS group， LPS+MSPC group， LY294002+LPS group and LY294002+LPS+MSPC group. Transmission electron microscopy was performed to observe the changes in autophagic vesicles and ultrastructure of the cells. Western blot was performed to detect the protein expressions of PI3K， phosphorylated PI3K （p-PI3K）， Akt， phosphorylated Akt （p-Akt）， mTOR， phosphorylated mTOR （p-mTOR） and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B （LC3B）， and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect the expressions of inflammatory factors interleukin-5 （IL-5）， IL-6， TNF-α and IL-10 in the five groups. ResultLPS inhibited the 16HBE cells in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with the normal group， the LPS group （150 mg·L^-1 of LPS） increased the expression of pro-inflammatory factor TNF-α after 24 h of treatment （P<0.05） and facilitated the autophagosome formation， and MSPC-containing serum exerted a concentration-dependent promotion effect on the 16HBE cells， inhibited the autophagy to a certain degree and enhanced the cell status. Western blot revealed that the protein expressions of p-PI3K， p-Akt and p-mTOR in the model group were lower （P<0.05） and the protein expression of LC3B was higher （P<0.01） than those in the normal group. Compared with the conditions in the LPS group， the protein expressions of p-PI3K， p-Akt and p-mTOR in the LPS+MSPC group were elevated （P<0.05） and that of LC3B was reduced （P<0.05）. Compared with the LPS+LY294002 group， the LY294002+LPS+MSCP group had up-regulated protein expressions of p-PI3K， p-Akt and p-mTOR （P<0.05） and down-regulated protein expression of LC3B （P<0.05）. ELISA showed that the LPS group had higher levels of IL-5， IL-6， TNF-α and IL-10 than the normal group， while the levels of TNF-α， IL-6 and IL-8 were decreased （P<0.01） and the level of IL-10 was increased （P<0.01） after treatment with MSCP. ConclusionMSCP may lower the LPS-induced autophagy in 16HBE cells and improve the inflammatory response through activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation on upper limb motor function rehabilitation of stroke patients after contralateral seventh cervical nerve transfer (CC7). MethodsFrom May, 2020, to May, 2022, 34 stroke patients with hemiplegia underwent CC7 in Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai were randomly divided into control group (n = 17) and observation group (n = 17). Both groups received conventional rehabilitation. The observation group accepted repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation, and the control group received sham stimulation, for eight weeks. They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities (FMA-UE) and Hua-Shan Grading of Upper Extremity (H-S grading) before and after treatment. ResultsTwo cases dropped down in each group. There was difference in gender between two groups (χ² = 6.136, P < 0.05). After treatment, the scores of FMA-UE and H-S grading significantly improved in both groups (t > 4.000, P < 0.01), and the improvement was better in the observation group than in the control group (t > 2.362, P < 0.05). ConclusionRepetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation could improve the motor function of upper limb and hand of stroke patients with hemiplegia after CC7.

Background::The preferred therapeutic regimen for Toxoplasma encephalitis (TE) is a combination of pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) plus azithromycin is the widespread alternative therapeutic regimen. The synergistic sulfonamides tablet contains TMP, sulfadiazine, and SMX and hypothetically could be used for TE treatment. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of synergistic sulfonamides plus clindamycin (regimen B) with TMP-SMX plus azithromycin (regimen A) for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) associated TE.Methods::This was an open-labeled, multi-center randomized controlled trial recruited from 11 centers. Each recruited patient was randomly assigned to receive regimen A or regimen B for at least 6 weeks. The overall response was evaluated by assessment of the clinical response of TE-associated clinical features and the radiological response of TE-associated radiological findings. The overall response rate, clinical response rate, radiological response rate, and adverse events were assessed at 2, 6, and 12 weeks. Death events were compared between the two regimens at 6, 12, and 24 weeks.Results::A total of 91 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)/TE patients were included in the final analysis (44 in regimen A vs. 47 in regimen B). The overall response rate, which refers to the combined clinical and radiological response, was 18.2% (8/44) for regimen A and 21.3 % (10/47) for regimen B at week 6. The results of clinical response showed that, in comparison with regimen A, regimen B may perform better with regards to its effect on the relief of clinical manifestations (50.0% [22/44] vs. 70.2% [33/47], P = 0.049). However, no significant differences in radiological response, mortality events, and adverse events were found between the two regimens at week 6. Conclusions::Synergistic sulfonamides plus clindamycin, as a novel treatment regimen, showed no significantly different efficacy and comparable safety in comparison with the TMP-SMX plus azithromycin regimen. In addition, the regimen containing synergistic sulfonamides may exhibit advantages in terms of clinical symptom alleviation.Trial Registration::ChiCTR.org.cn, ChiCTR1900021195.