OBJECTIVE To analyze the factors influencing patient satisfaction in the outpatient pharmacy of tertiary maternity and child specialist hospitals in Chongqing， and provide a reference for improving the pharmaceutical management capability of tertiary maternity and child specialist hospitals and enhancing patients’ medical experience. METHODS Utilizing KANO model， a questionnaire was developed and data were analyzed. Key influencing factors were identified through the categorization of requirement attributes， Better values， Worse values， and two-dimensional matrix analysis. The impact of these categorized demand factors on overall satisfaction was further validated through Structural Equation Modeling （SEM）. RESULTS Cronbach’s α coefficient for the survey questionnaire was 0.855， exceeding the acceptable threshold of 0.7； Bartlett test for sphericality yielded a value of 5 538.56 with P＜0.01， indicating good reliability and validity of the survey results. Through the KANO model’s factor selection process， the top four key factors influencing patient satisfaction in outpatient pharmacies were determined to be： medication pick-up time （r＝0.45）， pharmacist service attitude （r＝0.45）， rational medication consultation （r＝0.41）， self-service calling system （r＝0.40）， all of which were subsequently validated through SEM. CONCLUSIONS The four factors of medication pick-up time， self-service calling system， pharmacist service attitude， and rational medication consultation significantly influence patient satisfaction in the outpatient pharmacies of tertiary maternity and child hospitals in Chongqing.

Objective To evaluate the influence of the wearing position of dosimeters outside lead aprons on effective dose estimation for interventional radiology workers, analyze the differences between single and double dosimeter methods in effective dose estimation, and provide a reference for the personal dose monitoring of interventional radiology workers. Methods This study employed a combined approach of on-site monitoring and Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the impact of the wearing position of dosimeters outside lead aprons on effective dose estimation, as well as the differences between effective doses measured using single and double dosimeters. Interventional radiology workers wore dosimeters at three positions: the neck outside the lead collar, the left chest outside the lead apron, and inside the lead apron. Effective doses were estimated using the single and double dosimeter methods specified in GBZ 128-2019 Specifications for individual monitoring of occupational external exposure, and the impact of different wearing positions on the estimation results was compared. Geant4 Monte Carlo simulations were used to model dose distributions at the neck outside the lead collar and at the left chest outside the lead apron for operators performing cardiovascular interventions under tube voltages of 70, 80, 90, and 100 kVp and exposure angles of posteroanterior (PA), anteroposterior (AP), and left anterior oblique 45° (LAO45°) positions. The study assessed the impact of dosimeter wearing position on effective dose estimation. Results Monte Carlo simulations demonstrated that neck doses consistently exceeded left chest doses across different tube voltages and exposure angles, with neck-to-chest dose ratios of 0.80-0.90. Under identical tube voltage conditions, AP showed the highest doses, followed by LAO45°, and PA demonstrated the lowest doses. The single and double dosimeter methods exhibited consistent patterns in effective dose estimation. Single dosimeter method generally yielded higher effective doses with relative deviations of 9.9% to 83%, though these deviations decreased under high tube voltages. Field monitoring data indicated that most interventional radiology workers maintained relative deviations between single and double dosimeter calculations below 6%, with neck-to-chest dose ratios of 0.95-1.1. The estimation patterns remained consistent across both methods, though single dosimeter method showed slightly higher results. Conclusion Under PA, AP, or LAO45°, the doses at the neck consistently exceeded those at the left chest. Therefore, when wearing lead protective equipment, the dosimeter should be properly positioned at the neck outside the lead collar to accurately reflect the radiation doses of surgeons. Some interventional radiology workers improperly positioned the dosimeter (intended at the neck outside the lead collar) at the left chest outside the lead apron, and this may result in an underestimation of the effective dose.

Objective To preliminarily design a wide-energy-spectrum CR-39 solid-state nuclear track individual neutron dosimeter with different energy sections. Methods The thickness of the converter was optimized using the Monte Carlo SRIM program to broaden the energy range of the dosimeter. The self-made wide-energy-spectrum CR-39 individual neutron dosimeter was calibrated using ²⁴¹Am-Be, ²⁵²Cf, and thermal neutron sources to evaluate its dosimetric performance, including linearity, energy response, and neutron energy resolution. Results The linear correlation coefficient of the measurement system exceeded 0.98. The relative deviations of the energy response were 35.0% for blank section and 42.0% for polyethylene section, falling within the range of −50% to + 100% and meeting the monitoring requirements. The detection sensitivity for thermal neutron dose was 67 137.2 tr·cm⁻²·mSv⁻¹, and the detection sensitivity for thermal neutron fluence was 0.98 × 10⁻³ tr·n⁻¹, demonstrating good thermal neutron detection capability. Conclusion The self-made wide-energy-spectrum CR-39 individual neutron dosimeter fundamentally meets the requirements for individual neutron dose monitoring and is suitable for individual neutron dose monitoring in the energy range of thermal neutrons (up to approximately 15 MeV).

Objective To identify the reasons why the monitored personal doses of radiation worker A in an institution exceeded the investigation level in 2023 and 2024, and remind workers to wear personal dosimeters in a standardized manner in scenarios such as work and business trips to ensure the authenticity and reliability of the monitoring data. Methods A thermoluminescence measurement system was used to read the personal dosimeters worn by radiation workers. Investigations were carried out on personnel whose doses exceeded the investigation level described in the “Specifications for individual monitoring of occupational external exposure” (GBZ 128—2019). The reasons for doses exceeding the investigation level were analyzed using additional dosimeters and conducting on-site experiments. Results In 2023 and 2024, radiation worker A recorded a total of 5 personal dose equivalents exceeding the investigation level (1.23 mSv) over a total of 8 monitoring cycles (each lasting 90 days). Following one cycle where the dose exceeded the investigation level, two additional dosimeters (each for a 30-day cycle) were issued to worker A, revealing readings below the investigation level for the 30-day monitoring cycle (0.41 mSv). The reading for the dosimeter was 2-3 μSv per time when passing through an X-ray security scanner, and approximately 2.10 mSv per time when passing through a computed tomography security scanner. Conclusion Within a 90-day monitoring cycle, a single exposure of a personal dosimeter to a computed tomography security scanner can result in a dose exceeding the investigation level. Radiation workers should avoid placing dosimeters in backpacks or suitcases that pass through computed tomography security scanners during business trips, so as to reduce the impact of security scanner irradiation on personal dose monitoring.

Objective To observe the application effect of protease combined with quadruple therapy in the remedial treatment of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) eradication failure. Methods A total of 100 patients with Hp infection who failed in initial treatment were selected as the study objects, and were divided into control group (50 cases) and observation group (50 cases), and two groups received a course of treatment for 14 days. The control group was given esomeprazole enteric-coated tablets, amoxicillin capsules, furazolidone tablets and colloidal bismuth pectin capsules. The observation group was given streptomycin granule and sodium bicarbonate powder on the basis of the control group. Hp eradication rates were calculated for intention to treat (ITT) analysis and per protocol (PP) analysis. The symptoms and adverse drug reactions before and after treatment were recorded in two groups. Results In the control group, 18 cases were successfully eradicated, the eradication rate by ITT analysis was 36%, and the eradication rate by PP analysis was 36%. In the observation group, 37 patients had negative ¹⁴C breath test results, with an eradication rate of 74% by ITT analysis and 74% by TT analysis. There was statistical significance in the eradication rate between the two groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in compliance between the two groups (P>0.05). The improvement of abdominal pain symptoms before and after eradication was statistically significant between the two groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The remedial treatment regimen of streptomycin combined with quadruple therapy can improve the eradication rate of Hp infection patients whose initial eradication failed.

Objective To establish a method to characterize the size and density of the female breast based on three-dimensional images of breast cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and describe the breast characteristics of women in a region of China, and to explore its value in dosimetric assessment for breast CBCT examinees. Methods We retrospectively surveyed the breast CBCT images of 203 women in a grade A tertiary hospital in a southwestern city of China from January 2021 to March 2023. The effective diameter of the breast at the chest-wall (D_eff), chest wall-to-nipple length (CNL), the effective diameter of the breast at half of CNL (D_h/2), breast volume (BV), glandular volume (GV), and volumetric breast density (VBD) were measured using the specific tools of the Koning Imaging Viewer system. The differences between groups were assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis H test. The correlation between variables was assessed using the Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Results The median values of D_eff, D_h/2, CNL, BV, GV, and VBD of the surveyed population were 11.9 cm, 8.3 cm, 6.5 cm, 327.7 cm³, 47.0 cm³, and 15.4%, respectively. GV and VBD had significant negative correlations with age. D_eff, D_h/2, CNL, and BV were significantly negatively correlated with VBD. Conclusion We established a quantitative method to analyze female breast characteristics based on three-dimensional breast CBCT images, and preliminarily characterized the female breast in a region of China, which can provide methodological support for the investigation of female breast characteristics in various regions of China in the future.

Objective To preliminarily compare ⁶LiF-⁷LiF and CR39 in individual neutron dose monitoring, and to provide a reference for improving individual neutron dose monitoring. Methods According to the GBZ 128-2019, 26 radiation workers from 7 institutions received individual neutron dose monitoring with ⁶LiF-⁷LiF and CR39 at the same time. The monitoring results were analyzed. Results For most of the workers, the personal neutron dose equivalent H_p(10) was less than the minimum detectable level. The results with the two monitoring methods differed in 6 of 26 workers. Conclusion Both ⁶LiF-⁷LiF and CR39 monitoring methods can be used for individual neutron dose monitoring for radiation workers, but the difference between ⁶LiF-⁷LiF and CR39 (in threshold energy, energy response, etc.) should be considered so that different types of radiation workers receive appropriate individual neutron dose monitoring.

ObjectiveTo explore the formulation rules for the treatment of heart pain in the Medical Heart Enlightenment （《医学心悟》） from the perspective of the "Tangye Jingfa Tu"， thereby providing a way of thinking about the treatment of heart pain in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and the study of the Medical Heart Enlightenment. MethodThe "Tangye Jingfa Tu" contained in the Secrets for Auxiliary Cultivation Life： The Essential Method of Using Herbal Medicine for the Differential Treatment of the Five Zang Organs （《辅行诀五脏用药法要》） was used to analyze the nine prescriptions for heart pain in Volume Ⅲ of the Medical Heart Enlightenment by CHENG Guopeng in the Qing dynasty. A "table for analyzing the formulation of the nine prescriptions for heart pain" was developed. The analysis diagrams for decoction and meridian rules in nine prescriptions for heart pain were plotted and the compatible structure of the medicinal flavors was analyzed. ResultThe composition of Chenxiang Jiangqisan for the treatment of Qi-induced heart pain is "five pungent， four bitter， and two sweet drugs"， the composition of Shouniansan for the treatment of blood-induced heart pain is "five bitter， four pungent， three sweet， and one salty drugs"， the composition of Qingzhongtang for the treatment of heat-induced heart pain is "six bitter， three pungent， and two sweet drugs”， the composition of Jiangfutang with Cinnamomi Cortex for cold-induced heart pain is "three pungent and two sweet drugs"， the composition of Xiaobanxia modified with Fuling Tang for treating fluid retention-induced heart pain is "two pungent and two sweet drugs"， the composition of Baohetang for treating heart pain due to dietary stagnation is "five sweet， four pungent， four bitter， and one sour drugs"， the composition of Guipitang for the treatment of deficiency-induced heart pain is "eight sweet， four bitter， three pungent， and one sour drugs"， the combination of Huachongwan for the treatment of worm-induced heart pain is "seven bitter， six pungent， and four sweet drugs"， the composition of Shenzhusan， Congbaijiu， and Shengjiangtang for the treatment of resistance-induced heart pain is "eight pungent， four bitter， and two sweet drugs". ConclusionFrom the perspective of the "Tangye Jingfa Tu"， the Medical Heart Enlightenment is based on the compatibility principle of "pungent-bitter-sweet drugs" in the treatment of heart pain， with heart deficiency treated with salty drugs for tonifying， or bitter-sweet-salty drugs， and heart excess treated with bitter drugs for purging， or sweet-pungent-bitter drugs， mostly applying the transformation rules of five medicinal flavors， i.e.， "sweet-pungent-bitter drugs" and promoting the action of the pungent and sweet drugs acting on the spleen into the heart to relieve and purge the heart. In most cases， the treatment focuses on harmonizing the heart， liver， spleen， and kidneys， with an emphasis on the mother-child relationship and the application of the principles of the five elements generating and controlling each other. If the progression of the disease involves both the mother and child organs， the formulation should adhere to the compatibility rule of "the child organ makes the mother organ excess and the mother organ makes the child organ deficient".

With the extensive use of neutron sources in industry, medicine, and scientific research, the number of people exposed to neutron has been increasing, which highlights the importance of personal neutron dose monitoring in the field of radiation protection. In the past decades, researchers have developed and improved a variety of techniques and methods for personal neutron dose monitoring. This paper focuses on the problems and research progress of track dosimeters (solid-state nuclear track dosimeters and fluorescent nuclear track dosimeters), luminescent dosimeters (thermoluminescent dosimeters and optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters), and bubble dosimeters in personal neutron dose monitoring.

Mammography has played an essential role in the screening and treatment of breast cancer. However, the application of X-rays will also increase the risks of breast cancer while improving its detection rate. Moreover, the risks will increase with an increase in the radiation dose. Since the glandular tissue in breasts is sensitive to radiation, the evaluation of the average glandular dose (AGD) in mammography has attracted considerable international attention. Compared to relatively mature dosimetric studies on traditional two-dimension mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis, the method for the dose evaluation of the new cone beam CT for breasts are still subjected to research. This paper reviews and explores the current status of studies on the assessment method and relevant influencing factors of AGD under different types of mammography equipment.