As a key enzyme in the nitrogen cycle,urease is not only a nitrogen source for the growth of organisms,but also a virulence factor found in various pathogenic bacteria.The urease produced by Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)plays an im-portant role in the colonization and survival of H.pylori.However,H.pylori infections are closely associated with gastrointestinal diseases such as intestinal metaplasia,active gastritis,peptic ulcer and gastric cancer.With the increasing of drug-resistant strains,there is an urgent need for effective and safe new drugs,so H.pylori has become one of the most frequently studied ure-ase-producing bacteria.Urease has also received considerable attention as a potential target for antibacterial drugs.Medicinal plants with high safety have been proven to have therapeutic potential,and many natural plant extracts have become the inspira-tion and starting point of new drug development;previous studies have also found that many naturally occurring flavonoids have anti-urease activity.Therefore,this review summarizes the effects of inhibiting some plant-derived flavonoids on H.pylori urease.According to their origins,structural characteristics,and possible mechanism of action,we seek and develop plant-derived com-pounds with the specificity of anti-H.pylori,which can provide references for developing clinical drug candidates.

Objective: To investigate the bacterial species, characteristics and differences of oral bacteria flora of saliva in the longevous elderly between in Bama county and in Debao county in Guangxi, in order to explore the relationship between longevity and oral salivary bacteria flora in the elderly. Methods: The saliva was taken from the longevous elderly in Bama county(BM group)and people aged over 60 years in Debao county(BS group)separately, and the total DNA was extracted.The 16S rDNA-V4 region was amplified by PCR and analyzed by sequencing.The main species and diversity of bacterial colonies were recorded for difference analysis. Results: A total of 14 saliva samples were collected from 7 cases in BM group and 7 cases in BS group.A total of 369 OTUs were generated by cluster analysis of 14 samples.At the genus level, the dominant salivary bacteria flora were Ctinomyces, Capnocytophaga, Chryseobacterium, Fusobacterium, Haemophilus, Lactobacillus, Leptotrichia, Neisseria, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Rothia, Streptococcus, Veillonella in both BM group and BS group.The OTU PCA analysis showed that some evidence for indeterminate differences was found, but statistically significant differences did not exist in the dominant components of oral flora between the two groups(P>0.05). Also, the same tendency toward the diversity(P>0.05)was presented.Similarly, the species annotation analysis and the heat map showed that there were no significant differences(P>0.05)in oral salivary flora composition between the two groups.Lactobacillu was always the prevailing flora in the Phylume, Class, Order, Family and Genus, but the abundance ratio was different between the two groups as following: Lactobacillus abundance in salivary bacteria flora was higher in BM Group than in the BS group, while Mycoplasma abundance was lower in BM Group than in the BS group(P<0.05). Conclusions The dominant salivary bacteria flora is Lactobacillus in both BM and BS group, while, the abundance of Lactobacillus is higher in the BM group than in the BS group, which indicates that the longevity of population in Bama county may be related to Lactobacillus.

Objective: To investigate the safety and feasibility of proximal partial gastrectomy with Cheng's Giraffe esophagogastric reconstruction for the treatment of early Siewert II adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction (AEG). Methods: Indication of Cheng's Giraffe esophagogastric reconstruction: (1) Siewert II AEG or Siewert III AEG with diameter < 4 cm; (2) preoperative staging as cT1-2N0M0. A descriptive case series study was carried out. Clinical data of 34 patients with Siewert II AEG undergoing proximal partial gastrectomy and Cheng's Giraffe esophagogastric reconstruction at Department of Abdominal Surgery of Zhejiang Cancer Hospital and Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from February to July 2018 were retrospectively collected and analyzed, including 14 cases in IA stage, 11 cases in IIA stage and 8 cases in IIB stage. Brief procedure of Cheng's Giraffe esophagogastric reconstruction was as follows: Firstly, 12 cm long tubular stomach was formed by longitudinal incision 4 cm away from the great curvature of the stomach. Secondly, the gastric fundus and His angle were formed. Finally, the distance from His angle to esophagal-tubular gastric anastomosis should be more than 5 cm. The reflux disease questionare (RDQ) scores, radionuclide gastric emptying scintigraphy, and 24-hour multichannel intraluminal (MII)-pH monitoring technology were used to evaluate postoperative gastric emptying and gastroesophageal reflux. Result: All 34 patients successfully completed proximal partial gastrectomy with Cheng's Giraffe esophagogastric reconstruction, including 13 cases by open surgery and 21 cases by laparoscopic surgery. The operation time was (144.6±39.8) minutes, the blood loss during operation was (35.4±17.2) ml. No laparoscopic case was converted to open surgery and no postoperative complication was observed. The postoperative hospital stay was (8.4±2.5) days. The postoperative RDQ score was 4.4±3.1 one month after operation, and 3.3±2.5 six months after operation. Gastric-half emptying time was (67.0±21.5) minutes, and the residual ratio was (52.2±7.7)% in 1 hour, (36.4±3.1)% in 2 hours and (28.8±3.6)% in 3 hours at postoperative 1-month. The 24-hour MII-pH monitoring at postoperative 2-month revealed the frequency of acid reflux was (12.6±7.9) times, frequency of non-acid reflux was (19.6±9.7) times, DeMeester score was 5.8±2.9. Conclusion Cheng's Giraffe esophagogastric reconstruction is safe and feasible in the treatment of Siewert type II AEG, and has good dynamic and anti-reflux effects.

Objective To discuss the correlation between MTHFR gene polymorphism and unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion.Methods A case control study was used in this study,140 patients with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion(UR-SA) (abortion group)and 143 cases of normal women(control group)were recruited.Genomic DNA was obtained and extracted from the oral mucosa cells.Fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to examine the MTHFR gene polymorphisms,and Taqman-MGB technology was conducted to analysis the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism and disease.Results There was statistically significant difference in the frequencies of C677T genotype and alleles between the two groups(P＜0.05).However,no significant difference in the frequencies of A1298C genotype and alleles between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion MTHFR gene C677T polymorphism might be one of the genetic risk factors of URSA.

Objective To investigate the features of risk factors of minor stroke with CISS classification in Guangdong Province. Methods We retrospectively investigated the patients admitted within 3 days of the occurrence of a minor stroke, and were classified by CISS criteria as large artery atherosclerosis (LAA), cardiogenic stroke (CS), penetrating artery disease (PAD), other etiology (OE), undetermined etiology (UE). Results In this study, 303 pa-tients met the inclusion criteria of minor stroke. The highest percentage of the risk factors included hypertension (72.3%), hyperlipidemia (58.3%), and diabetes mellitus (39.9%). Among different subtypes, 41.9% were diagnosed with LAA, and 50.8% with PAD. Plasma triglyceride (TG)(1.765 ±1.18)mg/L vs.(2.19 ±1.84)mg/L,P=0.03], apolipoproteinsB (ApoB) [(0.95±0.29)mg/L vs.(1.11±0.46)mg/L,P=0.009]C-reactive protein (CRP) [(6.63±11.30) mg/L vs.(3.42 ±5.02)mg/L,P=0.042] and ApoB/ApoA1 ratio [(0.754 ±0.25)mg/L vs.(0.875 ±0.49)mg/L,P=0.019], differed significantly between group LAA and PAD. Conclusion Hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus are the major risk factors of minor stroke. The most common subtypes of the minor stroke patients in Guangdong Province are LAA and PAD, and detecting their TG, apoB, CRP level and apoB/apoA1 ratio might help subclassify minor stroke according to CISS.

According to the trend of the development of the quality education, it is necessary to re-form the traditional homework assignments in medical microbiology for improving the innovation ability of students. This program attempts to reform the homework on clinical medicine undergraduates. First, the teacher must master diversified knowledge, and then the student design and finish the homework combine with personal characteristic from the training requirements of experimental confirmation, theoretical cognition and social survey. The questionnaire shows the personalized homework can help students to master the pro-fessional knowledge, stimulate study interest and improve the comprehensive quality.

Objective To explore the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and 5-methyltetrahydro-folate-homocysteine methyltransferase reductase ( MTRR ) gene polymorphisms among the Han women in Zhangjiagang city .Methods A total of 4008 Han women were recruited .Their oral epithelial cells were collected to extract genome DNA in order to detect gene polymorphisms of MTHFR and MTRR using fluorescence quantitative PCR.Then the results were compared with those in other cities in China .Results The genotype frequencies of MTHFR C677T CC, CT and TT among Zhangjiagang women are 32.2%, 49.5%and 18.3%, respectively.The C allele frequency is 64.3%, T allele frequency is 35.7%.The genotype frequencies of MTHFR A1298 C AA, AC and CC are 68.7%,28.7% and 2.5%, respectively .The A allele frequency is 80.8%, C allele frequency is 19.2%.The genotype frequencies of MTRR A66 G AA, AG and GG are 54.4%, 38.5%and 7.1%, respectively . The A allele frequency is 76.3%, G allele frequency is 26.4%.Conclusions The MTHFR, MTRR polymorphism distribution of Han women in Zhangjiagang city is region specific.

Objective To investigate the relationship of plasma homocysteine with the genotype distribution of MTHFR and MTRR among Chinese Han women in Xiangtan. Methods MTHFR C677T, A1298C and MTRR A66G geno?typing was analyzed to detect the distribution of gene polymorphisms among 1 701 women from Xiangtan city then the data were compared with the rest of the Han women in Zibo, Zhengzhou, Yantai, Zhenjiang, Songzi, Huizhou, Qionghai. Plasma Hcy levels from 110 patients were measured and analyzed the correlation with gene polymorphisms. Results The frequency of MTHFR C677T genotype and allele frequencies in Xiangtan is 12.6%which is higher than Huizhou (10.9%) and Qionghai (6.1%) but lower than Zibo (43.6%), Zhengzhou (36.8%), Yantai (32.2%), Zhenjiang (21.8%) with statistically significant dif?ference (P<0.05). There is no significant different in MTHFR C677T between Xiangtan and Songzi. The frequency of MTH?FR A1298C genotype and allele frequencies in Xiangtan is 4.8%which is lower than Qionghai(7.1%)but higher than Zibo (1.4%),Zhengzhou(2.4%), Yantai(1.8%), Zhenjiang(3.5%)and Songzi(2.6%)with statistically significant difference. The frenquency of MTRR A66G genotype and allele frequencies in Xiangtan is 6.8%which is higher than Zibo (4.8%) but lower than Qionghai (9.3%) with statistically signifcant difference. Plasma Hcy concentration correlate with MTHFR C677T, Hcy concentration in TT population is higher than that in CT and CC population(μmol/L:8.52±2.01 vs 5.94±1.47 vs 5.71± 0.18);Plasma Hcy concentration also correlate with MTHFR A1298C and Hcy concentration in CC population is higher than AA and AC population(μmol/L:9.83 ± 2.26 vs 6.35 ± 2.13 vs 5.55 ± 1.75);Plasma Hcy concentration does not correlate with MTRR A66G. Conclusion The gene polymorphism of MTHFR C677T, A1298C and MTRR A66G among the Han women in Xiangtan was statistically different from other selected regions of China. Mutation in MTHFR C 677T and A1298C were associated with elevated plasma levels of Hcy.

Objective To study the genotyping of clarithromycin-resistant Helicobacter pylori(Hp) isolates.Methods From March 2007 to October 2007,247 gastric mucosa specimens were collected by the endoscopy from the patients with peptic ulcer or gastritis at the affiliated hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities.A total of 126 Hp strains were isolated.Resistance to clarithromycin in Hp was determined by E-test.All of the resistant isolates were genotyped with REP-PCR and further clustered with NTsys_2 software.The clinical data was collected for these patients with clarithromycin-resistant Hp.Results The 26 clarithromycin-resistant isolates from the west of Guangxi were divided into six genotypea including Group Ⅰ,Group Ⅱ,Group Ⅲ,Group Ⅲ,Group Ⅳ,Group Ⅴ and Group Ⅵ according to the homology of 78%.Every group have 2,11,1,8,3,1 strains Hp,respectively.Strains of group Ⅱ were isolated from patients with peptic ulcer and most of them from Chuang patients.All strains of group Ⅳ were isolated from patients with gastritis.Conclusions The clarithromycin-resistant isolates were divided into six groups by REP-PCR Disease type.nationality of patients and family history of stomach diseases were associated with the genotypes.

objective To analyze the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori(Hp)strains resistant to clarithromycin and the relation of 23S rRNA genetic mutation with clarithromycin resistance.Methotis Hp strains were isolated from gastric mucosa biopsies of patients with peptic ulcer or gastritis.Resistanee of the isolates to elarithromycin wag determined using diffusion test.Mutations in elarithromyein resistant strains were identified by PCR-RFLP and gene sequencing.Results The prevalence of Hp strains resistant clarithromyein was 22.2%.10 of clarithromycin resistant strains had A2143G.A2144G point mutation in 23S rRNA gene,and none of the 10 susceptible strains had the A2143G or A2144G mutation,and the result was affirmed by measure sequencing.Conclusion The prevalence of Hp is higher than Beijing and Shanghai,mutations in 23S rRNA are associated with elarithromyein resistance in Hp.