Ulcerative colitis（UC） is a chronic non-specific inflammatory bowel disease characterized by inflammation and ulceration of the colonic mucosa and submucosa， and its complex pathogenesis involves immune abnormality， oxidative stress and other factors. The nuclear transcription factor E₂-related factor 2（Nrf2）， encoded by the Nfe212 gene， plays a central role in antioxidant responses. It not only activates various antioxidant response elements such as heme oxygenase-1（HO-1） and quinone oxidoreductase 1（NQO1）， but also enhances the activity of glutathione-S-transferase（GST） and superoxide dismutase 1（SOD1）， effectively eliminating reactive oxygen species（ROS） accumulated in the body， and mitigating oxidative stress-induced damage to intestinal mucosa. In addition， Nrf2 can reduce the release of inflammatory factors and infiltration of immune cells by regulating immune response， cell apoptosis and autophagy pathways， thereby alleviating intestinal inflammation and promoting the repair and regeneration of damaged mucosa. Based on this， this paper reviews the research progress of Chinese materia medica in the prevention and treatment of UC by modulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. It deeply explores the physiological role of Nrf2， the molecular mechanism of activation， the protective effect in the pathological process of UC， and how active ingredients in Chinese materia medica regulate the Nrf2 signaling pathway through multiple pathways to exert their potential mechanisms. These studies have revealed in depth that Chinese materia medica can effectively combat oxidative stress by regulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. It can also play a role in anti-inflammatory， promoting autophagy， inhibiting apoptosis， protecting the intestinal mucosal barrier， and promoting intestinal mucosal repair， providing new ideas and methods for the multi-faceted treatment of UC.

Objective To analyze the current status and influencing factors of occupational stress, job burnout and sleep quality among workers in the secondary industry in Jinshan District, Shanghai City. Methods A total of 1 418 workers from six key industries in Jinshan District, Shanghai City were selected as the study subjects by the stratified cluster sampling method. The Occupational Stress Core Scale, Maslash Burnout Inventory General Survey and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were used to investigate occupational stress, job burnout and sleep quality of the workers. Results The detection rates of occupational stress, job burnout and sleep disturbance among the study subjects were 33.6%, 65.4% and 23.3%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the workers with a monthly income <5 000 yuan had a higher risk of occupational stress than those with a monthly income ≥5 000 yuan (P<0.01). The workers with ≥5.0 years of service had a higher risk than those with <1.0 year (P<0.05). Lack of physical exercise, employment in medium- and large-sized enterprises, and shift work were risk factors of occupational stress in the workers (all P<0.01). The workers aged 18-<30 years had a higher risk of job burnout than those aged 45-<60 years (P<0.05). The workers monthly income <5 000 yuan was associated with a higher risk of job burnout than those with ≥9 000 yuan (P<0.05). The workers with 1.0-<10.0 years or ≥15.0 years of service had higher job burnout risks than those with <1.0 year (all P<0.05). Being unmarried, lack of physical exercise, and employment in medium- and large-sized enterprises were risk factor of job burnout in the workers (all P<0.05). The workers with an educational level of high school or above had a higher risk of sleep disturbance than those with junior school or below (P<0.05). The workers who work >56 hours per week had a higher risk than those working ≤40 hours per week (P<0.01). Conclusion There is a high detection rate of occupational stress, job burnout, and sleep disturbance in the secondary industry workers in Jinshan District, Shanghai City. Special attention should be given to workers with low income, lack of physical exercise, employment in medium- and large-sized enterprises, shift work, long service duration, and long weekly working hours to protect their physical and mental health.

The incomplete degradation of tumour cells by macrophages(Mφ)is a contributing factor to tumour progression and metastasis,and the degradation function of Mφ is mediated through phagosomes and lysosomes.In our preliminary experiments,we found that overactivation of NADPH oxidase 2(NOX2)reduced the ability of Mφ to degrade engulfed tumour cells.Above this,we screened out liquiritin from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch,which can significantly inhibit NOX2 activity and inhibit tumours,to elucidate that suppressing NOX2 can enhance the ability of Mφ to degrade tumour cells.We found that the tumour environment could activate the NOX2 activity in Mφ phagosomes,causing Mφ to produce excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS),thus prohibiting the formation of phagolysosomes before degradation.Conversely,inhibiting NOX2 in Mφ by liquiritin can reduce ROS and promote phagosome-lysosome fusion,therefore improving the enzymatic degradation of tumour cells after phagocytosis,and subse-quently promote T cell activity by presenting antigens.We further confirmed that liquiritin down-regulated the expression of the NOX2 specific membrane component protein gp91 phox,blocking its binding to the NOX2 cytoplasmic component proteins p67 phox and p47 phox,thereby inhibiting the activity of NOX2.This study elucidates the specific mechanism by which Mφ cannot degrade tumour cells after phagocytosis,and indicates that liquiritin can promote the ability of Mφ to degrade tumour cells by suppressing NOX2.

Objective:To investigate the effect of oral administration of vitamin D3 on intestinal barrier function in patients after gastric cancer surgery,and to provide a reference for perioperative nutritional therapy in patients with gastric cancer.Methods:The conve-nience sampling method was used to select 80 patients with gastric cancer who were admitted to Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery in a grade A tertiary hospital in Xiamen,China,from June 2021 to May 2023,and the patients were divided into intervention group and control group using a random number table.The patients in the intervention group were given oral administration of vitamin D3 800 IU/d for 14 consecutive days before surgery.ELISA was used to measure the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3[25(OH)D3],intestinal barrier indicators(D-lactate,Zonulin),and inflammatory indicators(C-reactive protein,interleukin-6)within 24 hours after admis-sion and on days 1,4,and 7 after surgery,and the changes in these indicators were compared between the two groups.Results:A total of 71 patients were enrolled finally,with 34 in the intervention group and 37 in the control group.On days 1,4,and 7 after surgery,the intervention group had a significantly lower level of D-lactate than the control group(F=3.978,P=0.026;F=9.649,P=0.005;F=4.389,P=0.021).On day 4 after surgery,the intervention group had a significantly lower level of Zonulin than the control group(F=3.198,P=0.035).Conclusion:Oral administration of vitamin D3 before surgery may accelerate the recovery of intestinal barrier function in pa-tients with gastric cancer.

Objective To assess the clinical utility of single-molecule real-time technology(SMRT)in identifying triplicated α-globin genes and compound variant alleles.Methods A total of 36 samples with tripli-cated α-globin genes were collected.Among them,28 samples were confirmed by PCR flow-through hybridiza-tion and 8 samples were confirmed by Next Generation Sequencing(NGS).These 36 samples included tripli-cated α-globin genes compound variants with cis or trans arrangements unknown,such as αααanti4 2 compoundαcsα(2 cases),αααanti4.2 compound-α3.7(10 cases),and HKαα/--SEA pending confirmation(2 cases),SMRT technology was employed to detect thalassemia gene variants.Additionally,a pedigree with the genotype ofαααanti4.2 compound-α3.7 variant was recruited,including the proband(Ⅱ-1),its father(Ⅰ-1),and mother(Ⅰ-2).PCR flow-through hybridization and SMRT were employed to detect thalassemia gene variants.Results SMRT detected 35 out of 36 samples with triplicated α-globin genes,and 1 sample with quadrupllcated α-globin genes(ααααanti4.2).Among the 2 αααanti4 2 compound αCSα variant samples,both αααanti42 and αCSα were arranged in trans,with a genotype of αααanti4.2/αCSα.Among the 10 αααanti4.2 compound-α3.7 variant samples,9 samples hadαααanti4.2 and-α3.7 in a cis arrangement,with a genotype of HKαα/αα,and 1 sample had αααannti4.2 and-α3.7 in a trans arrangement,with a genotype of αααanti4.2/-α3.7.Compared with PCR flow-through hybridization,SMRT detected one case of a large segment deletion in the β-globin gene and two unknown variants,which led to an increase in the positive detection rate of approximately 10.71％(3/28).The pedigree analysis showed that the proband(Ⅱ-1)inherited αααanti4.2 and-α3.7 variants from his mother(Ⅰ-2),with a genotype of HKαα/αα,con-sistent with the SMRT detection results.Conclusion SMRT can accurately detect triplicated or quadrupllcat-ed α-globin genes,and compound variant alleles.It offers high accuracy,enables one-step identification of cis or trans arrangements,and provides comprehensive coverage of thalassemia gene variations,demonstrating its significant clinical value.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and infection sources of cholera in China from 2005 to 2024.Methods:A total of 2 066 cholera cases were included in the study, which were obtained from the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System (CDPCIS) of China CDC. The information on cholera clusters was downloaded from the National Public Health Emergency Event Surveillance System (PHEESS) of China CDC. A total of 128 cholera clusters were included and analyzed in this study. The epidemiological characteristics and infection sources of cholera were analyzed. The Jointpoint model was applied to analyze the incidence trend, and annual percentage change (APC) was also quantified.Results:From 2005 to 2024, a total of 2 066 cholera cases were reported, with an average of 103 cases reported annually. Specifically, the incidence showed a marked downward trend from 2004 to 2015 ( APC=-26.78%, P=0.006). During 2015-2024, the disease remained at low endemic levels, with an average of 18 reported cases annually ( APC=-2.68%, P=0.807). Cholera peak season was from May to October. A total of 24 provinces reported cholera cases, which were mainly distributed in Zhejiang, Fujian, Beijing, Jiangsu, Anhui, Guangdong, and Hainan provinces, accounting for 78.03% of the total cases. Pathogen surveillance indicated an alternating prevalence of Vibrio cholerae serogroups O1 and O139 among laboratory-confirmed cases between 2005 and 2024. There was a disparity in the dominant serogroup of Vibrio cholerae by region. The results from 128 cholera clusters indicated that cholera outbreaks frequently occurred in rural banquets (64.84%), followed by regular restaurants (13.28%). Among these, 63 clusters (49.22%) with identified infection sources indicated that foodborne transmission (95.24%) was the primary mode of cholera transmission, which mainly through seafood and aquatic products, such as soft-shelled turtles, shrimp and shellfish. The characteristics of cholera clusters caused by Vibrio cholerae serogroups O1 and O139 showed statistically significant differences in scale, attack rate, place of residence, setting, and infection source ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Cholera incidence has remained consistently low since 2015 in China, mainly in sporadic cases. Rural gatherings (e.g., wedding banquets) are the main settings for cholera clusters. The main infection sources are predominantly caused by cross-contamination due to improper processing practices of aquatic products, such as soft-shelled turtles.

Objective:To explore the correlation between smoking behavior of employees in heavy industry enterprises and risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.Methods:A cross-sectional study design was adopted. A questionnaire survey and physical examination data collection were conducted on employees of a heavy industry enterprise in Shaanxi Province using a cluster sampling method from March to April 2024. A total of 2 209 cases met the inclusion criteria. According to the smoking index (SI), participants were divided into a non-smoking group (SI=0, 1 316 cases), a low smoking group (SI400, 656 cases), and a high smoking group (SI≥400, 237 cases). According to the fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND) score, participants were divided into a non-dependence group (FTND=0, 1 316 cases), a mild dependence group (FTND=1-3, 623 cases), a moderate dependence group (FTND=4-6, 204 cases), and a severe dependence group (FTND≥7, 66 cases). Spearman rank correlation, univariate, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to compare differences in blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, homocysteine, and body mass index among the groups.Results:As the SI and FTND scores increased, blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, and homocysteine all showed an increasing trend, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol showed a decreasing trend (all P0.05). The systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides, serum uric acid, and homocysteine in the high smoking group were higher than those in the non-smoking group [(124.93±16.55) vs (122.32±16.62) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), (80.86±11.10) vs (76.18±11.63) mmHg, 5.58 vs 5.29 mmol/L, (3.13±0.65) vs (2.95±0.56) mmol/L, 1.70 vs 1.09 mmol/L, (336.80±69.94) vs (299.00±86.43) μmol/L, 14.20 vs 11.76 μmol/L, all P0.001], the high-smoking group had lower HDL cholesterol than the non-smoking group [(1.34±0.30) vs (1.39±0.27) mmol/L, P0.001], the systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, serum uric acid, and homocysteine in the severely dependent group were higher than those in the non-dependent group [(132.09±16.69 )vs (122.32±16.62) mmHg, (81.32±12.97) vs (76.18±11.63) mmHg, 5.61 vs 5.29 mmol/L, (4.98±0.91 )vs (4.70±0.88) mmol/L, (3.19±0.62) vs (2.95±0.56) mmol/L, 1.87 vs 1.09 mmol/L, (328.95±75.21) vs (299.03±86.43) μmol/L, 14.38 vs 11.76 μmol/L, all P0.05], and the high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the severely dependent group was lower than that in the non-dependent group [(1.32±0.30) vs (1.39±0.27) mmol/L, P0.001]. Multivariate analysis showed that SI and degree of tobacco dependence (DTD), were significantly correlated with fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol, but the effect size of SI was too small ( OR=1.001, 95% CI: 1.000-1.001, P=0.002, OR=1.001, 95% CI: 1.001-1.002, P0.001, OR=1.001, 95% CI: 1.000-1.001, P=0.032). Conclusions:Smoking behavior among employees in heavy industry enterprises is significantly correlated with risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The degree of tobacco dependence is closely related to the risk of abnormal fasting blood glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides.

Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of crisaborole ointment 2% versus pimecrolimus cream 1% in the treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in children aged 2 years or older.Methods:A multicenter, randomized, open-label, controlled clinical trial was conducted. A total of 120 pediatric patients aged 2 - 17 years with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis were enrolled from departments of dermatology of 8 hospitals in China between March 2022 and February 2023. The participants were randomly assigned in a 1∶1 ratio to the crisaborole group and the pimecrolimus group, and received the treatment with crisaborole ointment 2% and pimecrolimus cream 1% respectively, twice a day for 4 weeks. Visits were scheduled at baseline/on day 1, as well as on days 8, 15, and 29. The primary efficacy outcome was the percentage of patients achieving the Investigator's Static Global Assessment (ISGA) success (defined as clear [0] or almost clear [1] on the ISGA scale, combined with ≥ 2‐grade improvement from baseline) on day 29. The secondary efficacy outcomes included changes in the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) total scores from baseline to day 29, percentages of patients achieving ISGA improvement (defined as clear [0] or almost clear [1] on the ISGA scale), as well as changes in the Peak Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) scores, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) /Infants' Dermatology Life Quality Index (IDLQI) /Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) scores, and in the Dermatitis Family Impact (DFI) scores. Drug safety was evaluated according to the incidence of adverse events. Categorical data were compared using the chi-square test. Since measurement data did not follow a normal distribution, the rank sum test was used for comparisons of measurement data between groups.Results:A total of 106 children with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis were included in the per-protocol analysis set, with 52 in the crisaborole group (26 males and 26 females) and 54 in the pimecrolimus group (27 males and 27 females). There were no significant differences in age, disease duration, ISGA and EASI scores at baseline between the two groups (all P > 0.05). On day 29, 22 patients (42.31%) in the crisaborole group and 25 (46.30%) in the pimecrolimus group achieved ISGA success, with no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2 = 0.17, P = 0.68) ; 35 patients (67.31%) in the crisaborole group and 45 (83.33%) in the pimecrolimus group achieved ISGA improvement, also with no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2 = 3.68, P = 0.06) ; additionally, there were no significant differences in the EASI, pruritus NRS, DLQI/IDLQI/CDLQI, or DFI scores between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Adverse reactions to the two topical agents were mainly local reactions such as mild to moderate pain, itching, or worsening of itching, and no obvious systemic adverse reactions occurred. The incidence of drug-related adverse reactions was 46.15% (24 cases) in the crisaborole group and 37.04% (20 cases) in the pimecrolimus group, with no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2 = 0.91, P = 0.34) . Conclusion:The efficacy of crisaborole ointment 2% was comparable to that of pimecrolimus cream 1% in the treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in children aged ≥ 2 years, and it yielded early and rapid improvement in the quality of life of patients and their families, with good safety and tolerability profiles.

The incomplete degradation of tumour cells by macrophages (Mϕ) is a contributing factor to tumour progression and metastasis, and the degradation function of Mϕ is mediated through phagosomes and lysosomes. In our preliminary experiments, we found that overactivation of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) reduced the ability of Mϕ to degrade engulfed tumour cells. Above this, we screened out liquiritin from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, which can significantly inhibit NOX2 activity and inhibit tumours, to elucidate that suppressing NOX2 can enhance the ability of Mϕ to degrade tumour cells. We found that the tumour environment could activate the NOX2 activity in Mϕ phagosomes, causing Mϕ to produce excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus prohibiting the formation of phagolysosomes before degradation. Conversely, inhibiting NOX2 in Mϕ by liquiritin can reduce ROS and promote phagosome-lysosome fusion, therefore improving the enzymatic degradation of tumour cells after phagocytosis, and subsequently promote T cell activity by presenting antigens. We further confirmed that liquiritin down-regulated the expression of the NOX2 specific membrane component protein gp91 phox, blocking its binding to the NOX2 cytoplasmic component proteins p67 phox and p47 phox, thereby inhibiting the activity of NOX2. This study elucidates the specific mechanism by which Mϕ cannot degrade tumour cells after phagocytosis, and indicates that liquiritin can promote the ability of Mϕ to degrade tumour cells by suppressing NOX2.

Objective Inflammation and fibrosis are key features of diabetic nephropathy(DN).Triptolide(TP)exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties,though its mechanisms of action in DN remain unclear.CREKA(Cys-Arg-Glu-Lys-Ala)is a pentapeptide that specifically binds to fibronectin(FN),and the CREKA-modified liposome(CREKA-Lip)represents a novel FN-targeted drug delivery system.This study aimed to investigate the role of TP in diabetic db/db mice and determine whether encapsulation within CREKA-Lip enhances therapeutic efficacy while reducing the multi-organ toxicity of TP.Methods Eight-week-old diabetic db/db mice received tail vein injections twice weekly with vehicle,free TP,or CREKA-Lip/TP for 10 weeks.Urine and serum parameters were measured,and kidney,heart,liver,and testis tissues were collected for pathological evaluation.Protein-protein interaction networks were constructed using Cytoscape and its plug-ins to identify core targets and elucidate the therapeutic mechanism of TP against DN.Inflammatory,fibrotic,apoptotic,and lipid metabolism markers were evaluated in the kidneys of diabetic mice with DN and in high glucose-treated mouse mesangial cells and podocytes using qPCR,Western blot,immunohistochemistry,and immunofluorescence assays.Results TP administration reduced fasting blood glucose levels and glomerular mesangial expansion in diabetic mice.TP significantly suppressed renal inflammation,fibrosis,and apoptosis while enhancing lipid metabolism.Integration of network pharmacology,molecular docking,and transcriptomics revealed that TP ameliorated DN by inhibiting the JAK2-STAT1 signaling pathway.In vitro,TP inhibited high glucose-induced phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT1,reduced collagen production in mesangial cells,decreased apoptosis,and improved lipid metabolism in podocytes.Moreover,CREKA-Lip/TP exhibited superior efficacy compared with free TP,with a more sustained reduction in urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio and greater inhibition of mesangial expansion.Notably,CREKA-Lip/TP treatment did not induce systemic toxicity.Conclusion TP improves renal inflammation,fibrosis,apoptosis,and lipid homeostasis,thereby ameliorating DN by inhibiting JAK2-STAT1 activation.Targeted delivery of TP via FN-binding CREKA-Lip enhances therapeutic efficacy while minimizing multi-organ toxicity.