Objective To conduct a comprehensive survey of the resource allocation and radiological diagnosis frequency in radiological diagnosis and treatment institutions in Shaanxi Province, and provide scientific evidence for optimizing regional medical resource allocation and formulating radiation protection strategies. Methods In 2022, a cross-sectional survey was conducted on 1564 radiological diagnosis and treatment institutions in Shaanxi Province (excluding dental clinics and military/armed police force hospitals). Data on equipment configuration, personnel distribution, and number of diagnostic examinations were collected. Results There were a total of 8798 radiation workers engaged in radiological diagnosis and 3617 X-ray diagnostic units in Shaanxi Province. Moreover, 35.8% (3151) of the radiation workers and 21.9% (792) of the radiological diagnostic units were in tertiary hospitals. There were 91.5 X-ray diagnostic units per million population, including 53.2 X-ray radiography units and 17.1 computed tomography (CT) units per million population. In 2022, the total number of X-ray diagnostic examinations was 21 303 635, primarily including 10 812 197 (50.8%) X-ray radiography examinations and 8 969 358 (42.1%) CT examinations. Analysis of equipment utilization intensity showed that the average annual number of examinations per unit of radiological diagnostic equipment in tertiary hospitals reached 10 506.1, with CT equipment bearing the most prominent workload (13 248.7 examinations/unit). The overall radiological diagnosis frequency was 538.8 examinations/thousand population (273.4 X-ray radiography and 226.8 CT examinations/thousand population). Tertiary, secondary, and primary and below institutions accounted for 39.1%, 44.0%, and 16.9% of the total number of examinations, respectively. Conclusion The radiological diagnosis frequency in Shaanxi Province (538.8 examinations/thousand population) was below the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) Healthcare Level I (823 examinations/thousand population). Issues such as uneven resource distribution and CT equipment overload should be addressed by digital upgrading, hierarchical diagnosis and treatment systems, and enhanced equipment maintenance.

Objective To establish baseline radiation dose data for computed tomography (CT) examinations in Shaanxi Province, China and to provide scientific evidence for optimizing medical radiation protection. Methods From 2020 to 2023, a multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted using 16 CT scanners across 9 hospitals (2 specialized pediatric hospitals and 7 general hospitals). Standardized registration forms were used to collect basic information (e.g., age and examination site), scanning parameters (e.g., tube voltage, tube current-time product, and scan length), and dosimetric parameters (volume CT dose index [CTDI_vol] and dose-length product [DLP]). Non-parametric tests were employed for intergroup comparisons. Results A significant positive correlation was observed between age and major CT scanning parameters. Both CTDI_vol and DLP increased significantly with age across all examination sites (P < 0.001). Abdominal CTDI_vol was significantly lower in specialized pediatric hospitals than in general hospitals (8.0 vs. 15.5 mGy, P < 0.001). The < 1-year age group showed higher abdominal CTDI_vol (13.2 vs. 8.6 mGy) but lower DLP (243.5 vs. 261.9 mGy·cm) compared to the 1- < 5-year group. Conclusion This study established the first baseline radiation dose database for CT examinations in Shaanxi Province, providing critical scientific support for developing regional diagnostic reference levels and optimizing radiological protection practices.

Mechanical thrombectomy,which improves the successful vascular recanalization rate and neurological functional prognosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke(AIS)caused by anterior circulation large vessel occlusion,has become one of the primary therapeutic strategies.Among the pharmacologic adjuvant therapies for mechanical thrombectomy,tirofiban(a platelet glycoprotein Ⅱ b/Ⅲ a receptor antagonist)has attracted significant attention due to its antithrombotic mechanism.This article summarized the research progress of tirofiban in the mechanical thrombectomy treatment of AIS patients from the perspectives of pharmacological mechanisms,administration timing,selection of eligible populations,and dosage regimens.It also analyzed the clinical application value and existing controversies of tirofiban,aiming to provide a scientific basis for optimizing the AIS treatment system.

Taste is a sensation produced by the reaction of substances in the mouth with taste receptor cells， and a normal taste function is essential for our daily life and health. As receivers of taste molecules， taste receptors include sour， bitter， sweet， salty， and umami receptors， which are mainly distributed in the oral cavity， gastrointestinal tract， respiratory tract epithelium and other organs and play a physiological role. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has five flavors （sour， bitter， sweet， pungent， and salty）， which are closely related to the efficacy. Except the pungent flavor and umami taste receptors， the other five taste receptors correspond to the five flavors in the TCM theory， while the correlations between them have not been studied， such as those between bitter receptors and bitter TCM and between sweet receptors and sweet TCM. This article reviews the research reports on taste receptors in recent years. By analyzing the relationships of taste receptors with five flavors of TCM， signaling mechanisms， and diseases based on "receptor-TCM" correlations， this article puts forward the possibility of combining the TCM theory of five flavors with modern biomedical research， providing a reference for the research on "flavors" in TCM and the correlations between TCM and taste receptors.

Taste is a sensation produced by the reaction of substances in the mouth with taste receptor cells， and a normal taste function is essential for our daily life and health. As receivers of taste molecules， taste receptors include sour， bitter， sweet， salty， and umami receptors， which are mainly distributed in the oral cavity， gastrointestinal tract， respiratory tract epithelium and other organs and play a physiological role. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has five flavors （sour， bitter， sweet， pungent， and salty）， which are closely related to the efficacy. Except the pungent flavor and umami taste receptors， the other five taste receptors correspond to the five flavors in the TCM theory， while the correlations between them have not been studied， such as those between bitter receptors and bitter TCM and between sweet receptors and sweet TCM. This article reviews the research reports on taste receptors in recent years. By analyzing the relationships of taste receptors with five flavors of TCM， signaling mechanisms， and diseases based on "receptor-TCM" correlations， this article puts forward the possibility of combining the TCM theory of five flavors with modern biomedical research， providing a reference for the research on "flavors" in TCM and the correlations between TCM and taste receptors.

Intracranial aneurysm is a prevalent cerebrovascular disease,and its rupture can lead to subarachnoid hemorrhage,which is associated with high mortality and morbidity rates.Current treatment modalities for ruptured intracranial aneurysms primarily consist of surgical clipping and endovascular coiling.In recent years,the development and widespread clinical adoption of flow diverter have made these devices a prominent therapeutic option in the treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms.This article provides a comprehensive review of the mechanism of flow diverter,the current status of flow diverter implantation in the treatment of ruptured aneurysms,strategies for antiplatelet medication,and innovations in flow diverter materials,aiming to offer a refence for clinical decision-making in the management of ruptured aneurysms.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the advantages and effectiveness of the independently developed intelligent orthopedic robot-assisted distal locking of femoral intramedullary nails. METHODS: Thirty-two adult cadaveric femur specimens were randomly divided into two groups, with 16 specimens in each group. The experimental group used the intelligent orthopedic robot to assist in the distal locking of femoral intramedullary nail holes, while the control group used the traditional method of manual locking under X-ray fluoroscopy. The locking time, fluoroscopy times, and the success rate of first locking were recorded and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The locking time of the experimental group was (273.94±38.67) seconds, which was shorter than that of the control group [(378.38±152.72) seconds], and number of fluoroscopies was (4.56±0.81) times, which was less than that of the control group [(8.00±3.98) times]. The differences were significant [ MD=73.054 (-37.187, 85.813), P=0.049; MD=1.969 (-1.437, 2.563), P=0.002]. The first locking success rate of the experimental group was 100% (16/16), which was significantly higher than that of the control group (68.75%, 11/16) ( P=0.043). CONCLUSION The efficiency of distal locking of femoral intramedullary nails assisted by the intelligent orthopedic robot is significantly higher than that of the traditional manual locking method under fluoroscopy, as it can markedly reduce the time required for distal locking of femoral intramedullary nails, decrease intraoperative radiation exposure, and increase the success rate of locking.
Humans ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary/instrumentation* ; Bone Nails ; Fluoroscopy ; Femur/diagnostic imaging* ; Femoral Fractures/surgery* ; Robotic Surgical Procedures/instrumentation* ; Cadaver ; Adult ; Robotics ; Male

Mechanical thrombectomy,which improves the successful vascular recanalization rate and neurological functional prognosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke(AIS)caused by anterior circulation large vessel occlusion,has become one of the primary therapeutic strategies.Among the pharmacologic adjuvant therapies for mechanical thrombectomy,tirofiban(a platelet glycoprotein Ⅱ b/Ⅲ a receptor antagonist)has attracted significant attention due to its antithrombotic mechanism.This article summarized the research progress of tirofiban in the mechanical thrombectomy treatment of AIS patients from the perspectives of pharmacological mechanisms,administration timing,selection of eligible populations,and dosage regimens.It also analyzed the clinical application value and existing controversies of tirofiban,aiming to provide a scientific basis for optimizing the AIS treatment system.

Intracranial aneurysm is a prevalent cerebrovascular disease,and its rupture can lead to subarachnoid hemorrhage,which is associated with high mortality and morbidity rates.Current treatment modalities for ruptured intracranial aneurysms primarily consist of surgical clipping and endovascular coiling.In recent years,the development and widespread clinical adoption of flow diverter have made these devices a prominent therapeutic option in the treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms.This article provides a comprehensive review of the mechanism of flow diverter,the current status of flow diverter implantation in the treatment of ruptured aneurysms,strategies for antiplatelet medication,and innovations in flow diverter materials,aiming to offer a refence for clinical decision-making in the management of ruptured aneurysms.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the variations in taste， aroma and volatile organic compounds of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma decoction pieces derived from different sources， and to identify their origins. METHODS The flavor， odor and volatile organic compounds of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma decoction pieces from different sources were compared and analyzed by using electronic tongue， electronic nose， and gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry （GC-IMS）. Principal component analysis （PCA）， partial least squares-discriminant analysis （PLS-DA）， orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） and Fisher discriminant analysis were employed to identify the origins of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma decoction pieces and establish the basis discrimination criteria. RESULTS The differences in taste of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma decoction pieces from 3 origins were primarily characterized by bitterness， astringency， and bitter-astringent aftertaste. In terms of smell， variations were mainly observed in inorganic sulfides， organic sulfides containing aromatic components， methane and other short-chain alkanes， alcohols， ethers， aldehydes and ketones， as well as nitrogen oxides. Differentially volatile organic compounds mainly consisted of alcohols， aldehydes and ketones. Furthermore， the samples from 8 batches could be effectively classified into 3 categories.Three types of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma decoction pieces can be effectivily identified based on the peak intensity ratio between volatile substances. For example， when the peak intensity of 2-acetylfuran was 3-19 times that of isobutyric acid [dimer]， it was considered as Rheum officinale Baill. CONCLUSIONS The discriminant models established in this study， along with the criteria for determining the origins based on the peak intensity ofcharacteristic volatile compounds， can be utilized for the identification of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma decoction pieces.