Objective:To comprehensively analyze the clinical characteristics,classification of causes,treatment methods,and outcomes of pediatric convulsions in the emergency department,providing a scientific basis for the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric convulsions and optimizing emergency management for these cases.Methods:The clinical data of 18 217 children with convulsions in the emergency department of Capital Institute of Pediatrics' Children's Hospital from January 1,2016 to December 31,2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:A total of 18 217 children were admitted to the emergency department due to convulsions,accounting for 2.3% of all visits.Among them,58.7% cases were male and 41.3% cases were female,with an average age of (2.00±0.03) years.The main age was 1 to 3 years old (54.2%).Generalized convulsions were the primary type (82.3%),with focal seizures accounting for 17.7%.Most convulsions lasted less than 5 minutes (82.4%),and approximately 55.2% of the patients could self-resolve.Febrile convulsions were the primary cause (69.2%),followed by benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis (11.7%) and epilepsy (10.5%).Regarding treatment,54.0% of the children recovered without medication.In the triage system of "three zones and four levels," the usage rate of anticonvulsants in the red zone was 93.1%,with 21.6% requiring combined treatment.After treatment,48.2% of the children returned home,92.2% showed improvement or recovery,and the mortality rate was extremely low at only 0.03%.Conclusion:Febrile convulsions are the main cause of pediatric convulsions in the emergency department,and an efficient triage system play an important role in improving treatment response.Different treatment zones and outcomes vary,providing important reference for optimizing emergency management.

Purpose/Significance To construct a specialized database for inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system(CNS),so as to contribute to clinical research and improve the diagnostic and treatment capabilities of primary healthcare institu-tions.Method/Process Using the internet to collect medical data,after processing and analysis,the CNS inflammatory demyelinating disease database is constructed.Using statistical analysis,natural language processing(NLP),artificial intelligence(AI)image recog-nition and data visualization and other technologies,the database information is integrated and analyzed.Result/Conclusion A standard-ized big database for CNS inflammatory demyelinating diseases is constructed,which enables visualization of clinical research data,pro-vides patient education and specialist training,and facilitates multi-center teleconsultations.The establishment of a specialized database for the CNS inflammatory demyelinating disease can promote the transformation of medical research achievements,provide references for future real-world clinical research,optimize the process of diagnosis and treatment,and improve the clinical capability of primary healthcare institutions.

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a peripheral vestibular disease with the highest incidence rate, and the elderly are the high incidence population. Particle repositioning maneuver, simple and practicable, and has good clinical effects, is recognized as the preferred treatment method for BPPV. However, the elderly patients have a higher prevalence rate, often suffer from multiple chronic diseases, and their various bodily functions have entered a declining stage, with poor response to treatment and a tendency to recur. Based on these, medical staff should continuously improve their professional abilities, and pay attention to and implement some comprehensive and multi-dimensional humanistic care measures from physiological to psychological aspects such as verbal encouragement, behavioral support, and spiritual integration during the diagnosis and treatment process, to improve the quality of life of elderly BPPV patients, reduce medical disputes, and save medical resources.

To improve overall satisfaction of patients with the hospital and build a harmonious doctor-patient relationship, a survey on satisfaction of patients with ECG examination was conducted in a tertiary A hospital. The analysis was carried out from the aspects of inspection environment, inspection process, inspection experience and overall satisfaction. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the effect of various variables on satisfaction. This paper found that the overall satisfaction rate of patients with ECG examination was 85.18%, lower than that of outpatients. Patients with different characteristics had different satisfaction degree with ECG examination. Patient satisfaction was lower on Mondays and Wednesdays than that on other inspection days, and was lower between 10 a.m. and 14 p.m. The longer the waiting time, the lower satisfaction degree of patients with examination. Based on the results, hospitals should improve the construction of humanistic soft environment to improve the medical environment, scientifically plan the medical treatment process of ECG examination, and further strengthen doctor-patient communication. The ECG room should further promote its management level and strengthen its cultural construction.

Objective:To investigate the role of microRNA (miR)-497 in the formation of corneal neovascularization (CNV) induced by alkali burn and its mechanism.Methods:Forty-two wild type (WT) C57BL/6 mice aged 6 to 8 weeks, 42 CRISPR/Cas9 mediated miR-497 knockout (KO) and 42 CRISPR/Cas9 mediated overexpression transgenic (TG) C57BL/6 mice were selected and assigned as WT group, KO group and TG group, respectively.The corneal alkali burn model was established.At 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after modeling, corneal epithelium damage and stromal turbidity were scored according to slit lamp microscopy.The area of neovascularization was measured.Corneal structural changes and expression of inflammatory cells were observed by histopathological staining.The expression of CD31 in corneal tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry staining.The targeted binding relationship between miR-497 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was detected by luciferase reporter assay.The relative expressions of miR-497, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and macrophage inflammatory protein (MCP)-1 mRNA were detected by real-time quantitative PCR.At 14 days following modeling, the expression of STAT3 and p-STAT3 proteins in mice corneal tissues was detected by Western blot.The use and care of animals complied with the ARVO statement.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University (No.2019K-K010).Results:Corneal injury, inflammatory cell infiltration and CNV occurred in mice cornea after alkali burn.Corneal epithelial injury score, corneal stromal turbidity score and CNV area increased first and reached the peak on the 14th day after modeling, and then decreased.There were significant differences in corneal epithelial injury score, corneal stromal turbidity score, CNV area and number of CD31-positive cells among various time points after alkali burn ( Fgroup=49.19, 34.56, 44.56, 77.56; all at P<0.01; Ftime=51.62, 65.62, 71.32, 46.12; all at P<0.01). Corneal epithelial injury score, corneal stromal turbidity score, CNV area and the number of CD31-positive cells were greater in KO group at various time points than in WT and TG groups, and those in WT group were greater than in TG group (all at P<0.05). In WT STAT3 co-transfected cells, the luciferase activity of the miR-497 group was significantly lower than that of the miR-negative control group and normal control group (both at P<0.05). In mutant STAT3-transfected cells, there was no significant difference in luciferase activity among all groups ( F=0.69, P=0.56). On the 14th day after modeling, the relative expression levels of miR-497 in corneal tissue of WT, KO and TG groups were 0.68±0.11, 0.41±0.06 and 1.05±0.14, respectively, which were significantly lower than 1.00±0.04, 0.56±0.07 and 1.34±0.11 before modeling (all at P<0.01). The relative expressions of STAT3 and p-STAT3 were higher in KO group than in WT and TG groups, and were lower in TG group than in WT group, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). The expressions of VEGFA, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and MCP-1 mRNA at various time points after modeling in various groups were significantly higher than before modeling, which were higher in KO group than in WT and TG groups and were lower in TG group than in WT group, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.01). Conclusions:MiR-497 inhibits corneal inflammation and CNV formation induced by alkali burn.It might inhibit the activation of the inflammation signal pathway via targeting STAT3.

Objective:To investigate the inhibitory effect of miR-497 on the corneal epithelial healing in diabetic mice and its possible mechanism.Methods:Forty healthy clean-grade wild-type C57BL/J6 mice were randomly divided into a blank control group and a model control group, with 20 mice in each group.Another 20 CRISPR/Cas9-mediated miR-497 knockout mice and miR-497 overexpression mice were taken as miR-497 knockout and miR-497 overexpression groups, respectively.The diabetes model was constructed by continuous intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) to the mice in model control, miR-497 knockout and miR-497 overexpression groups, and the mice in blank control group were injected with an equal amount of citrate buffer, followed by 8-week normal feeding.After the establishment of diabetes model, the corneal epithelial injury model was further constructed by scraping off part of the corneal epithelium with a central diameter of 2 mm.The corneal epithelial defect area of mice in 0, 12, 24 and 36 hours after corneal epithelial injury was observed by corneal fluorescein sodium staining.The expression of Wnt3a and β-catenin proteins in mice corneal tissues was detected by Western blot.The expression of miR-497 as well as the mRNA expression levels of cell proliferation-associated factor genes CyclinD1, c-Myc, and Ki-67 mRNA was detected by real-time quantitative fluorescence PCR.The targeting relationship between miR-497 and wnt3a was detected by a dual luciferase reporter gene assay.Human corneal epithelial cells (HCEC) were cultured in vitro and transfected with miR-497 mimics, miR-497 mimics negative control, miR-497 inhibitor, and miR-497 inhibitor negative control by Lipo8000 as miR-497 mimics group, mimics negative control group, miR-497 inhibitor group, andmiR-497 inhibitor negative control group, respectively, all of which were cultured in high glucose medium containing 25% glucose.Another two groups of HCEC were taken and cultured in medium containing 5% and 25% glucose as control and high glucose groups, respectively.The cell proliferation viability was determined by CCK8 method.The use and care of animals complied ith the ARVO statement.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University (2019K-K010). Results:Eight weeks after STZ injection, the blood glucose of mice was significantly higher and the weight was significantly lower in each diabetic model group than those of blank control group (all at P<0.05). At 12, 24 and 36 hours after the corneal epithelial injury, the percentages of corneal epithelial defect area observed by slit-lamp microscopy in model control group were significantly higher than those in blank control group and miR-497 knockout group and lower than those in miR-497 overexpression group, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). The relative expressions of wnt3a and β-catenin proteins in the corneal tissues of model control group were significantly lower than those of blank control group and miR-497 knockout group, but higher than those of miR-497 overexpression group, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). The relative expressions of CyclinD1, c-Myc and Ki-67 mRNA in model control group were lower than those in miR-497 knockout group, but higher than those in miR-497 overexpression group, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). The relative expression of miR-497 in model control group, miR-497 knockout group and miR-497 overexpression group was 1.00±0.02, 0.63±0.06 and 1.48±0.03, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=19.62, P<0.01). The luciferase activity of miR-497-5p mimics group in wild-type wnt3a transfected cells was lower than that of miR-497-5p negative control group and empty vector group, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). In the mutant wnt3a transfected cells, there was no significant difference in the luciferase activity among various groups ( F=0.73, P=0.59). The cell proliferation A value of high glucose group was 0.59±0.03, which was significantly lower than 0.59±0.03 of normal control group and 0.88±0.08 of miR-497 inhibitor group, but significantly higher than 0.48±0.11 of miR-497 mimics group (all at P<0.05). Conclusions:The silencing of miR-497 may promote the repair of diabetic corneal epithelial defects by targeting wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Objective:Based on the high-throughput detection technique of multiplex PCR combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, constructing the characteristic SNP profiles of different strains, and establishing a rapid, accurate and highly sensitive method for the diagnosis of bloodstream infection pathogens.Methods:Seven kinds of pathogens such as common Escherichia coli were selected as target. The multiple PCR reaction conditions was optimized, and the characteristic peaks of each target bacteria were detected by MALDI-TOF MS to establish the joint detect system. Common primer pairs and central homo-sequence primer pairs were designed to analyse the formation of primer dimer. Using simulated bacterial infection blood samples with detection system to determine specificity and sensitivity. One hundred and fifty blood samples from suspected bacteremia patients were collected from June to September 2020 in a hospital in Beijing, and the identification results were compared to traditional identification method of clinical application that are using χ 2 test. Results:The cycle threshold (Ct) value of the central homo-sequence primers that were designed were more than 38, with a delay of 6-10 cycles. The joint mass spectrometry detection system could detect seven kinds of bacteria divided into two groups at the same time. The target bacteria can be detected specific product of the peak, and the clinical strains other than the target strains only had primer peaks. All maps had non-specific miscellaneous peaks. The sensitivity of Escherichia coli could reach 50 CFU/ml, and the detection limit of other bacteria was 100 CFU/ml. The detection results of 150 patients showed that 46 cases were positive by traditional method. The positive rate was 30.67% (46/150), including two cases of mixed infection. Forty-eight cases were positive by mass spectrometry, and the positive rate was 32.0% (48/150), including three cases of mixed infections. The negative coincidence rate was 100% (101/101). The comparison of the two methods showed that the P=0.625>0.01, the Kappa=0.938, the sensitivity and specificity was 97.82%(45/46) and 97.11%(101/104), respectively. There was no significant difference between the two methods, and the results of nucleic acid mass spectrometry could also be used in clinic. Conclusions:The established detection system can not only quickly and accurately detect seven common pathogens causing bloodstream infection, and effectively shorten the time needed for traditional culture and identification, but also can detect multiple bacterial mixed infections at the same time to make up for the possibility of missed detection. Besides, the method can also be used to identify other bacteria.

OBJECTIVE：To explore the effect of clinical pharmacists participating in the therapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia （BPH），and to provide reference for clinical pharmacists participating in the management of chronic diseases. METHODS：Totally 195 BPH patients ，admitted to urology outpatient department of Nanjing Jiangning Hospital during Jan. 2018 to Nov. 2019，were collected and divided into intervention group （98 cases）and control group （97 cases）according to visiting order. Patients in the control group received routine outpatient service of urology surgery . Clinical pharmacists took the initiative to provide individualized pharmaceutical care for intervention group on the basis of routine service ，which mainly included BPH disease education ，healthy lifestyle guidance ，and guidance on rational drug use. International prostate symptom score （IPSS）， quality of life score （QOL），medication adherence and disease progression were compared between 2 groups before intervention and at 2，4，6 and 9 months of follow-up. RESULTS ：Because 15 patients in intervention group lost follow-up ，83 cases were included in the intervention group and 97 cases were included in the control group. Before the intervention ，there was no statistical significance in general information ，IPSS，QOL scores and medication adherence between 2 groups（P＞0.05）. Compared with control group ，IPSS score and QOL score of intervention group were significantly decreased at 2，4，6 and 9 months of follow-up （P＜0.001）；the proportion of patients with high medication adherence in the intervention group increased significantly （P＜ 0.001）；there was no significant difference in disease progression as urinary tract infection between 2 groups （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS：The participation of clinical pharmacists in the treatment of BPH can significantly decrease IPSS score and QOL score，and improve medication adherence and therapeutic effect.

As a digestive organ, the liver has the functions of metabolism, synthesis, and detoxification. It is also an immune organ and plays an important role in maintaining anti-infection, autoimmune stability, and anti-tumor. In particular, the liver has unique immunological advantages. Its immune cells can maintain the liver's immune homeostasis and participate in immunoregulation. A variety of immunotherapy is used in clinical trials for the treatment of difficult and critical liver diseases. This review mainly summarizes the recent clinical trials of immunotherapy in chronic hepatitis B, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and autoimmune liver disease.

As the frontline health care workers at the center of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, we have encountered many asymptomatic COVID-19 patients or patients with mild symptoms since December 2019.A number of COVID-19 cases with conjunctivitis or conjunctivitis as the first symptom have been observed in our clinical work.This paper reports the diagnosis and treatment of one COVID-19 patient with conjunctivitis as the first symptom and one COVID-19 patient with conjunctivitis.In case one conjunctivitis occurred at the third day after patient came in close contact with determined COVID-19 patient and visited an eye doctor, and the symptom of conjunctivitis following the topical administration of anti-viral eyedrops for 1 week, followed by COVID-19.Her 2019-nCoV RNA detection of nasopharynx swab was positive but that of conjunctival sac swab was a negative result.Case two had a positive epidemiological history and simultaneous onset of COVID-19 and conjunctivitis.She presented positive results of 2019-nCoV RNA detection in both nasopharynx and conjunctival sac swabs, and other lab results supported the diagnosis of COVID-19 but she had a normal CT findings of the chest.The ocular symptoms were disappeared after topical administration of anti-viral eyedrops for 1 week.