The economic toxicity of cancer patients has gradually become one of the important factors affecting their disease diagnosis and treatment. This article summarizes the current situation, evaluation methods, influencing factors and management strategies of economic toxicity, in order to provide reference for clinical healthcare professionals to identify economic toxicity cancer patients and develop personalized intervention measures.

Objective:To summarize the current research status, assessment tools, and influencing factors of fatigue in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) and provide a reference for the management of fatigue in this patient population.Methods:A literature search was conducted in databases including PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Embase, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, VIP, and China Biology Medicine disc for studies related to fatigue in patients receiving MHD. The search timeframe was from establishing the databases to January 23, 2024.Results:A total of 46 studies were included. Various assessment tools for fatigue in patients receiving MHD were identified, though specific tools were limited. The Short Form 36 Vitality Subscale (SF-36 VS) was the most commonly used assessment tool. The main factors influencing fatigue in these patients included sociodemographic, dialysis-related, disease-related, physical, nutritional, and psychological factors.Conclusions:Fatigue is a significant symptom in patients receiving MHD. Healthcare professionals must develop specific tools for accurately assessing fatigue in this population and explore standardized management plans.

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a clinical syndrome with impairment of at least one cognitive domain caused by vascular risk factors or cerebrovascular diseases, and its pathogenesis is not completely clear so far. Microglia are innate immune cells in the brain. They participate in many processes such as neuroinflammation, synaptic pruning, myelin regeneration, neurogenesis and connection. They are associated with the occurrence and development of various neurological diseases such as cerebral infarction, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and autism. Recent studies have shown that microglia play an important role in the development of VCI. This article reviews the role of microglia in VCI.

Objective We aimed to assess systematically the effect of pressure treatment instrument on pre-venting deep venous thrombosis of lower extremity for hospitalized patients.Methods Relative literature was searched by computer at home according to the inclusion and the exclusion criteria,which were ana-lyzed by RevMan5.2 software and literature selection and repetition were used according to the Note Ex-press software.Results A total of 13 studies of randomized controlled or not randomized controlled trials were brought into the study by fixed effects model.A total of 1 194 were included into the study,599 in the experimental group and 595 in the control group.Literature analysis showed that pressure treatment in-strument can decrease the incidence rate of deep venous thrombosis of lower extremity (OR=0.24,OR95％ CI:0.15～0.37,P＜0.01) and increase venous blood flow velocity (OR=0.52,OR95％CI:0.25～0.80,P＜0.01).By replacing the statistical effect model,the sensitivity analysis showed a stable and reliable result conclusion.Conclusions Pressure treatment device can reduce the incidence rate of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis in hospitalized patients,prolong the survival time and improve the quality of life,and can also reduce the complications caused by anti-thromboembolic drugs.It is favored by clinical workers more and more,and it is worthy of further promotion and application.

Objective To investigate long-term protective effects of custom-made hearing earplugs on the hearing of oceangoing seafarers,so as to provide scientific evidence for the development of related countermeasures against noise-induced hearing damage.Methods One hundred and twenty noise-exposed ship crew members,who were randomly selected from the engineering department of the surveillance ship and wore custom-made hearing protection earplugs (HPE) were chosen as the custom-made hearing protection earplug group.Other 40 ship crew members with similar age,years of sea service and gender,who wore earlyplugs readily available from market,were chosen as the market ear-plug group.A follow-up study was made for successively 4 years from 2007 to 2011,and then,changes in hearing thresholds and adverse reactions were compared between the crews of the 2 groups.Results Noise in the engineering department of the surveillance ship was mainly medium and high frequency noise and intensity was between 73.3 dB (A) and 102.7 dB (A),with LEX,8h ≥ 85 dB (A).A 4-year consecutive investigation on the seafarers wearing the custom-made earplugs indicated that there was no significant changes in the hearing threshold at various frequencies (P ＞0.05).Four years later,incidence of deafness among the seafarers increased from 7.5％ to 9.6％,but without statistical significance (P ＞ 0.05).Custom-made earplugs were more comfortable to wear,with little discomfort,and statistical significance could be noted,when compared with the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Noise environment onboard the surveillance ship had adverse effects on the hearing of seafarers during prolonged operation at sea.Custom-made earplugs were individual hearing protection devices that were designed and built according to individual outer ear canal structures,for that reason,they could offer positive hearing protection for the ship crew.

Objective To investigate long-term protective effects of custom-made hearing earplugs on the hearing of oceangoing seafarers,so as to provide scientific evidence for the development of related countermeasures against noise-induced hearing damage.Methods One hundred and twenty noise-exposed ship crew members,who were randomly selected from the engineering department of the surveillance ship and wore custom-made hearing protection earplugs (HPE) were chosen as the custom-made hearing protection earplug group.Other 40 ship crew members with similar age,years of sea service and gender,who wore earlyplugs readily available from market,were chosen as the market ear-plug group.A follow-up study was made for successively 4 years from 2007 to 2011,and then,changes in hearing thresholds and adverse reactions were compared between the crews of the 2 groups.Results Noise in the engineering department of the surveillance ship was mainly medium and high frequency noise and intensity was between 73.3 dB (A) and 102.7 dB (A),with LEX,8h ≥ 85 dB (A).A 4-year consecutive investigation on the seafarers wearing the custom-made earplugs indicated that there was no significant changes in the hearing threshold at various frequencies (P ＞0.05).Four years later,incidence of deafness among the seafarers increased from 7.5％ to 9.6％,but without statistical significance (P ＞ 0.05).Custom-made earplugs were more comfortable to wear,with little discomfort,and statistical significance could be noted,when compared with the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Noise environment onboard the surveillance ship had adverse effects on the hearing of seafarers during prolonged operation at sea.Custom-made earplugs were individual hearing protection devices that were designed and built according to individual outer ear canal structures,for that reason,they could offer positive hearing protection for the ship crew.

ObjectiveTo inyestigate the effect of miRNA-155 expression on the differentiations and functions of CD4 + T lymphocyte in patients with unstable angina pectoris. MethodsTwenty-one patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) were enrolled in this study, and another 18 patients with normal coronary arteries evidenced by angiography were assigned as control group. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of miRNA-155 in CD4 + T lymphocyte of the peripheral blood. And the levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 in serum were determined by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The CD4 + T lymphocyte were isolated from mononuclear cells prepared with Ficoll-Hypaque density-gradients centrifugation from human peripheral blood by magnetic cell sorting system. Then, the CD4 +T cells (2 × 106 cells/mL) were seeded in culture plates with 6 wells.The CD4 + T lymphocytes were divided into 3 groups in experiment: control group, miRNA-155 group, and miRNA-155 inhibitor group. The numbers of Th1 and Th2 cells were measured by flow cytometry analysis (FACS).The protein levels and expressions of IFN-γRα, T-bet, GATA-3 mRNA were measured by using western blotting and qRT-PCR, respectively. The levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 in culture supernatants of CD4 +T lymphocytes were detected by using ELISA. ResultsIn comparison with the control group, there was significant increase in the expression of miRNA-155 and serum level of IFN-γ in the UAP group (P ＜0. 01 ). There was a positive correlation between miRNA-155 and serum IFN-γ ( r =0. 842, P ＜ 0. 0l ).However, in vitro, the number of Th1, the protein level and expression of T-bet mRNA, and supernatant IFN-γ increased, and the protein level and expression of IFN-γRα protein decreased in miRNA-155 group in comparison with the control group (all P ＜0. 01 ). Interestingly, there were no significant differences in the number of Th2 cells, the expressions of GATA-3mRNA and IFN-γRα mRNA, GATA-3 protein and supernatant IL-4 between control group and miRNA-155 group ( all P ＞ 0. 05 ). And the miRNA-155 inhibitor could attenuate the effect of miRNA-155 effectively. ConclusionsThe miRNA-155 can promote differentiations and improve the function of Thl, playing an important role in the pathogenesis of unstable angina pectoris.