Objective To analyze the causes of HIV-2 specific bands in the Western blot (WB) tests and to understand previous HIV-2 infection status in this city. Methods A total of 68 samples with HIV-2 specific bands in WB were analyzed using two confirmatory reagents. The test results were further analyzed in combination with epidemiological data, nucleic acid testing and gene sequencing. Results When tested with MP reagent, 66 samples (97.06%) were found to be positive for HIV-2 antibody, while the other two were negative or undetermined for HIV-2 antibody. When tested with MIKROGEN reagent, 67 samples (98.53%) were found to be positive for HIV-1 antibody, and one sample was negative for HIV-1 antibody. Further HIV-1 nucleic acid testing was conducted on these samples, and all 68 samples tested positive for HIV-1 RNA, with the results all exceeding 5,000 copies/ml. After BLAST comparison, it was found that the homology similarity of 68 samples to the HIV-1 reference strain sequence was >90%, but there was no similarity with the HIV-2 reference strain sequence. Conclusion The results of the serological test, nucleic acid test and gene sequencing of the 68 samples all have indicated HIV-1 infection. Combined with the epidemiological data, it can be concluded that the double reaction of HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies in WB tests of these 68 samples is very likely to be a non-specific cross-reaction rather than HIV-2 infection. This study indicates that no HIV-2 infection cases have been found in Chengdu so far.

The incidence of complications after radical resection of esophageal carcinoma is high up to about 20%-50%. The incidence of pneumonia, pleural effusion, tracheal intubation, anastomotic fistula and cardiac events is relatively high. Among them, pulmonary complications are the most common complications after esophageal cancer operation and cause the most perioperative deaths. Among the factors that influence the occurrence of postoperative complications of esophageal cancer, the amount of fluid infusion during and after the operation is closely related to the occurrence of postoperative complications. Moreover, in the environment of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS), it is more important to optimize the postoperative fluid management of esophageal cancer. Restricted fluid therapy plays a more and more important role in patients undergoing esophagectomy. This review integrated the relevant research results and discussed the advantages of the restricted fluid therapy compared with other fluid therapy, how to control the restricted infusion volume and infusion speed and how to monitor and evaluate the infusion process and the selection of infusion types, so as to provide reference for clinical practice test.

Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), as an important pattern recognition receptor (PRR), dominates the innate and adaptive immunity regulating many acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Atherosclerosis is proved as an inflammatory disease, and inflammatory events involved in the entire process of initiation and deterioration. However, the contribution of TLR3 to atherosclerosis remains unclear. Herein, we identified the clinical relevance of TLR3 upregulation and disease processes in human atherosclerosis. Besides, activation of TLR3 also directly led to significant expression of atherogenic chemokines and adhesion molecules. Conversely, silencing TLR3 inhibited the uptake of oxLDL by macrophages and significantly reduced foam cell formation. Given the aberrance in TLR3 functions on atherosclerosis progression, we hypothesized that TLR3 could serve as novel target for clinical atherosclerosis therapy. Therefore, we developed the novel ellipticine derivative SMU-CX24, which specifically inhibited TLR3 (IC₅₀ = 18.87 ± 2.21 nmol/L). In vivo, atherosclerotic burden was alleviated in Western diet fed ApoE^-/- mice in response to SMU-CX24 treatment, accompanying notable reductions in TLR3 expression and inflammation infiltration within atherosclerotic lesion. Thus, for the first time, we revealed that pharmacological downregulation of TLR3 with specific inhibitor regenerated inflammatory environment to counteract atherosclerosis progression, thereby proposing a new strategy and probe for atherosclerosis therapy.

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic capabilities of PCR-flow Fluorescence Hybridization technology in prenatal genetic diagnosis of thalassemia.Methods:8 005 cases of prenatal genetic diagnosis of thalassemia in Guangdong Women and Children Hospital from September 2017 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. All samples were diagnosed by traditional genetic methods include multiple Gap-PCR, PCR-RDB, MLPA and Sanger sequencing. Meanwhile, PCR-flow Fluorescence Hybridization technology was used as a verification platform for detecting common mutation sites of thalassemia. The results were analyzed to evaluate the diagnostic capabilities of PCR-flow Fluorescence Hybridization technology compared with traditional methods in prenatal genetic diagnosis of thalassemia.Results:By traditional methods, 1 939 cases (24.22%, 1 939/8 005) were normal and 6 066 cases (75.78%, 6 066/8 005) were diagnosed as thalassemia, including 4 513 cases of α-thalassemia, 1 475 cases of β-thalassemia, and 78 cases of αβ-thalassemia. By PCR-flow Fluorescence Hybridization technology, 7 845 samples were successfully diagnosed after initial interpretation by software. Compared with traditional methods, all the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 100%. The other 160 samples which failed in the initial interpretation can be successfully interpreted after review or manual interpretation.Conclusion:There were no differences between the two methods on the detecting of common mutation sites of thalassemia.

Objective:Reflux esophagitis (RE) may be negatively correlated with Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori) infection, but the conclusion and relevant mechanism is still controversial. This study proposed to explore the correlation between RE and H. pylori infection based on natural population. Methods:From July 2013 to December 2014, 3 940 residents aged 40-69 years were recruited in Linqu County of Shandong Province and Hua County of Henan Province by the whole sampling method. All the subjects underwent gastroscopy, and gastric mucosa biopsy specimens were collected for pathological diagnosis and Warthin-Starry (WS) staining to identify H. pylori infection. Venous blood samples of some subjects were collected for H. pylori immunoglobulin G ( H. pylori-IgG) detection. Also, demographic and sociological data were collected. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to analyze the correlation between RE and H. pylori infection. Results:A total of 359 cases of RE were detected. Excluding RE and other upper gastrointestinal organic diseases, 3 382 cases were considered as controls. Chi-square test showed that WS staining positive rate in RE group was significantly lower than that in control group ( P=0.023), but there was no significant difference in the positive rate of H. pylori-IgG between the two groups ( P=0.281). There were significant differences between RE group and control group in gender composition, age, body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol consumption, education level and mucosal active inflammation. Multivariate regression analysis showed that RE was negatively correlated with gastric mucosa active inflammation [ OR=0.754 (95% CI 0.600-0.949), P=0.016], and positively correlated with male [ OR=4.231 (95% CI 3.263-5.486), P<0.001], age ≥60 years, BMI≥24 kg/m 2 [ OR=1.540 (95% CI 1.220-1.945), P<0.001]. Compared to those aged 40-49 years and 50-59 years, the odds ratio ( OR) of RE in these aged ≥60 years were 1.566 (95% CI 1.144-2.143, P=0.005) and 1.405 (95% CI 1.093-1.805, P=0.008). Conclusion:RE is more closely related to H. pylori present infection. Multivariate analysis showed that RE is negatively correlated with active inflammation of gastric mucosa caused by H. pylori infection, and positively correlated with male, overweight and aged ≥60 years.

BACKGROUND: Preoperative anxiety/depression can bring physical and mental harm to the patients with lung cancer. There is little study on whether hospital waiting time before surgery can increase the psychological burden of patients with lung cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the preoperative anxiety and depression of patients with lung cancer in our hospital, and to analyze the related influencing factors. METHODS: A total of 135 lung cancer inpatients in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Beijing Friendship Hospital were studied. Their general information and anxiety/depression were recorded by general questionnaire, Zung self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS). RESULTS: The score of SAS was 36.25 (30.00, 42.50) on the day of admission, and 37.50 (31.25, 43.75) on one day before operation. The score of self-rating depression scale (SDS) was 46.25 (40.00, 52.50) on the day of admission, and 47.50 (41.25, 53.75) on one day before operation. Compared with the Chinese norm, there were 0 patient suffered from anxiety on the day of admission, and one day before operation. There were 2 patients suffered from mild anxiety; 6 patients suffered from mild depression on the day of admission, and this number went up to 8 on the day before operation. Single factor analysis showed that the hospital waiting time before surgery was positively correlated with preoperative anxiety and depression, and the results were statistically significant (P<0.05). The generalized linear model analysis showed that other factors such as knowledge, gender, age and marital status had no significant correlation with preoperative anxiety and depression. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of preoperative anxiety in hospitalized patients with lung cancer is positively correlated to the hospital waiting time before surgery. The longer they stayed in the hospital before operation, the greater their risk of anxiety/depression. So medical staff should actively focus on the psychological condition of the patients with lung cancer, and it is strongly recommended that patients complete preoperative examination and preparation in the outpatient department, in order to reduce the waiting time before operation and reduced the risk of adverse psychological problems such as anxiety and depression.

Objective: To analyze the correlation between the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sacroiliac joint inflammation score (SPARCC score)/structural score (SSS) and the disease activity as well as the functional indexs. The correlation between the MRI score and inflammatory indicators [erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP)] in patients with active axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) before and after treatment was explored. In addition, the contribution of the two MRI scoring method in evaluating conditions was also explored. Methods: According to the inclusion criteria, 24 patients with active axial SpA were recruited and received the recombinant hauman tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α receptor Ⅱ: IgG Fc fusion protein(rhTNFR:Fc), sulfasalazine and thalidomide for 12 weeks. Subjects were scored at week 0 and 12 by SPARCC/SSS scores. Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI), Assessment of Spondyloarthritis Intemational Society (ASAS)-endorsed disease activity score(ASDAS)-CRP, bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index (BASFI). Bath ankylosing spondylitis metrology index(BASMI), ESR and CRP. The correlation between the SPARCC/SSS scores and that of clinical indicators were analyzed. Paired sample t test, Wilcoxon signedrank test, Spearman correlation analysis and Pearson correlation analysis were used for statistical analysis, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the effectiveness of SPARCC score decline as a response to treatment. Results: ① Compared with baseline, after 12 weeks treatment, SPARCC scores [(15±4) and(33±10)], BASDAI [(3.2±0.9) and (5.2±1.1)], BASFI [(2.3±0.6) and (4.6±1.0)], BASMI [(2.3±0.7) and (4.1±1.1)], ASDAS-CRP scores [(2.0±0.8) and (3.7±0.9)], ESR [(16±12) mm/1 h and (49±26) mm/1 h], CRP [(7.2±2.8) mg/L and (30.4±19.3) mg/L] were significantly decreased (t values were 7.822, 6.950, 10.707, 7.204, 6.281,-4.015 and-4.257, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant (P=0.000). There was no significant difference in SSS scores between baseline [(20±6) and (19±7)] and after 12 weeks treatment (t=-0.761, P=0.455). ② Before treatment, SPARCC score showed positive linear correlation with BASDAI (r=0.630, P=0.001), ASDAS-CRP (r=0.646, P=0.001), CRP (r=0.574, P=0.003) and ESR (r=0.559, P=0.004), and the correlation of the above indexes disappeared after treatment (P>0.05). The association between SPARCC structral scores and the above indicators was not significant before and after treatment. ③ Areas under curve(AUC) of ROC for assessing treatment response by reduced SPARCC scores was 0.809. The cut-off value for response to treatment was 20.5, with the sensitivity of 68.8% and specificity of 75.0%. Conclusion The SPARCC MRI SIJ inflamm-ation score has certain value in evaluating disease activity and efficacy, while the SPARCC SSS is not.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effectiveness and safety of electrothermal acupuncture in the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in the cancerous patients of phlegm-stasis interaction in cisplatin-containing chemotherapy.

METHODSSixty cases of phlegm-stasis interaction in cisplatin-containing chemotherapy were randomized into a trial group and a control group, 30 cases in each one. In the control group, the intravenous drip of granisetron hydrochloride injection was adopted, 3 mg before and after cisplatin-containing chemotherapy 30 min, continuously for 3 days. 43 to 45℃ electrothermal acupuncture at zusanli(ST 36) for 30 min was used on the basis of the treatment as the control group in the trial group,once a day for 3 days. CINV, anti-nausea effects, Karnofsky score, the syndrome score of phlegm-stasis interaction, and relevant indices of safety were observed on the 1st and 7th days of cisplatin-containing chemotherapy separately.

RESULTS1.Regarding CINV and anti-nausea effect, CINV did not occur before chemotherapy in the patients of the two groups. On the 1st and 7th days of chemotherapy, CINV in the trial group were milder than those in the control group (both<0.05).The anti-nausea effects in the trail group were better than those of the control group.2.Regarding Karnofsky score and the syndrome score of phlegm-stasis interaction, the improvements on the 7th days of chemotherapy in the trial group were better than those in the control group, indicating the significant differences (both<0.05). 3.Regarding the safety indies, there was no adverse reaction during the treatment in the two groups.

CONCLUSIONSThe electrothermal acupuncture effectively relieves CINV, and improves self-care dbility and the symptoms of phlegm-stasis interaction.

Objective:To determine the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FrND) scale among smoking male inpatients with schizophrenia.Methods:Two hundred and twenty smoking male inpatients,who met criteria for schizophrenia of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fourth Edition (DSM-Ⅳ),were consecutively included.FTND scale and Russell's Reasons for Smoking Questionnaire (RRSQ) were used to assess subjects'severity of nicotine dependence and addiction score of the dimension of reason for smoking,respectively.According to the principle of voluntariness,37 subjects were selected and re-assessed with FTND scale after two-week interval.Reliability,correlation and factor analyses were used to examine the reliability and validity.Results:The Cronbach α (internal consistency) and two-week re-test reliability coefficients of FTND scale were 0.68 and 0.72 (P ＜0.01),respectively.The criterion related validity coefficient with addiction score of RRSQ was 0.53 (P ＜0.01).Two common factors were abstracted from the scale factor analysis,accounting for 52.4％ of the total variance.There were statistically significant differences between patients with different duration of illness,number of hospitalizations and age of smoking initiation (P ＜0.05).Conclusion:The Chinese version of FTND scale for smoking male inpatients with schizophrenia has a relatively low internal consistency and good re-test reliability,criterion related validity,construct validity and empirical validity.

Objective To explore the influence of dexmedetomidine on blood gas and inflammation cytokines in patients with one-lung ventilation (OLV).Methods Sixty-two patients undergoing radical resection of pulmonary carcinoma were divided into observation group and control group in sequence,31 cases in each group.All patients treated with intravenous sufentanil 0.3-0.5 μg/kg,propofol 1.5-2.5 mg/kg,midazolam 0.5 mg/kg and rocuronium 0.9 mg/kg for induction of anesthesia;intravenous infusion of propofol 6-8 mg·kg-1 ·h-1 and remifentanil 0.1-0.5 μg·kg-1 ·min-1,intermittent intravenous injection of cisatracurium for anesthesia maintenance.The patients in the observation group were given 1μg/kg loading dose dexmedetomidine 10 min before anesthesia induction (infusion in 10 min),maintaining at 0.5 μg·kg-1 ·h-1 until 30 min before the end of surgery.The patients in the control group were given the same amount of saline as a control.The blood gas analysis index,pH,partial oxygen pressure (PaO2),CO2 partial pressure (PaCO2) and such inflammation cytokines as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) at OLV (T0),after OLVlh (T1),the end of OLV (T2) were respectively tested,the dosage of propofol in the two groups were recorded.Results The dosage of propofol in observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05);pH declined in the two groups (P＜0.05),but the difference had no statistical significance;PaO2 was rising then declined in the two groups (P＜0.05),but it was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group(P＜0.05);PaCO2 in the two groups increased gradually(P＜0.05),it was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group (P＜0.05);The serum TNF-α,IL-6 in the two groups showed a trend of increasing (P＜0.05),it was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can maintain blood gas stability and reduce inflammation caused by single lung ventilation.