This article presents a case study of a patient who visited the Geriatric Department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital due to "palpitations, shortness of breath for more than 2 years, limb weakness for 6 months, edema, and nocturnal dyspnea for 2 months". The patient exhibited decreased muscle strength in the limbs and involvement of swallowing and respiratory muscles, alongside complications of heart failure and various arrhythmias which were predominantly atrial. Laboratory tests revealed the presence of multiple autoantibodies and notably anti-mitochondrial antibodies. Following a comprehensive multidisciplinary evaluation, the patient was diagnosed with anti-mitochondrial antibody-associated inflammatory myopathy. Treatment involved a combination of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants, along with resistance exercises for muscle strength and rehabilitation training for lung function, resulting in significant improvement of clinical symptoms. The case underscores the importance of collaborative multidisciplinary approaches in diagnosing and treating rare diseases in elderly patients, where careful consideration of clinical manifestations and subtle abnormal clinical data can lead to effective interventions.

ObjectiveTo understand the status of parasitic infection in the food sold on market in Qingpu District of Shanghai, and to provide an evidence for the development of prevention and control strategies for parasitic infection applicable to Qingpu District. MethodsAquatic products, meat products and other foodstuffs sold on online shops, at farm product markets, supermarkets/foodstores and restaurants were sampled in Qingpu District, Shanghai, during 2015‒2023, based on the administrative division of Qingpu District. The parasitic infection in the food samples were examined using pressing method and digestion for detecting metacercariae in freshwater products and pickled products, using dissection microscopy for Anisakis larvae in seawater products, Taenia cysticercus and Trichinella encysted larvae in meat products. ResultsA total of 1 079 samples of food products were examined during 2015‒2023, with a total parasite infection rate of 13.44%. The total parasite infection rate of freshwater fish products was 3.40% (16/471), and the difference of parasite infection rates between different freshwater fish species was statistically significant (χ²=229.609, P=0.001). The total infection rate of Clonorchis sinensis was 3.18% (15/471), which had been detected in Pseudorasbora parva, Cyprinidae rhodeus, and Carassius auratus, with a positive rate of 77.78% (7/9), 50.00% (5/10) and 3.90% (3/77), respectively. Metorchis orientalis was detected in in Pseudorasbora parva, with a positive rate of 33.33% (3/9). The positive rate of Gnathostoma spinigerum (third-stage larvae) was 0.81%. Paragonimus metacercariae were not detected in the freshwater shrimps and crabs. The infection rate of seawater fish products was 26.46%. The difference of parasite infection rate in seawater fishes was statistically significant (χ²=109.181, P=0.001). A total of 53 pork and beef samples were tested, none was detected with Trichinella larva cysts, Taenia solium metacercariae, and Taenia saginata metacercariae. The total infection rate of pickled yellow mud snail products was 58.11% (43/74). Paragonimus metacercariae was not detected in any of the pickled aquatic product samples. ConclusionThere are different degrees of parasitic infection in freshwater products, seawater products and pickled aquatic products in Qingpu District of Shanghai. The risk of parasite infection from raw or undercooked foods is high. Health education on healthy dietary practices such as throughly cooked food should be strengthened for local residents.

Objective To investigate the effect of FUNDC1 tyrosine phosphorylation site mutations on mitophagy in H9c2 myocardial cells by constructing tyrosine site mutant plasmids (Y11 and Y18) of the FUN14 domain-containing protein 1 (FUNDC1). Methods The mutant plasmids constructed by whole-gene synthesis were transfected into rat myocardial H9c2 cells and divided into five groups: empty plasmid group, FUNDC1 overexpression group, Y11 mutant group, Y18 mutant group, and Y11 combined with Y18 mutant group. The viability of H9c2 cells was assessed using the CCK-8 assay. Additionally, tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE) staining was utilized to detect mitochondrial membrane potential. The protein expression levels of FUNDC1, translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane 20 (TOM20), and cytochrome c oxidase IV (COX IV) were detected by Western blot analysis. Confocal microscopy was used to evaluate transfection efficiency as well as the co-localization of mitochondria and lysosomes. Results The FUNDC1 overexpression, Y11, Y18, and Y11 combined with Y18 mutant plasmids were successfully constructed. After plasmid transfection, widespread GFP fluorescence expression was observed under confocal microscopy. Compared with the empty plasmid group, FUNDC1 protein expression levels were significantly increased in the FUNDC1 overexpression group, Y11 mutation group, Y18 mutation group, and Y11 combined with Y18 mutation group, while cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential showed no significant changes. Compared to the empty plasmid group, cells transfected with Y18 and Y11 combined with Y18 mutant plasmids showed increased TOM20 and COX IV expression levels and decreased mitochondrial-lysosomal co-localization. Conclusion Transfection with FUNDC1 Y18 or Y11 combined with Y18 mutant plasmids inhibited mitophagy in H9c2 myocardial cells.
Animals ; Rats ; Mitophagy/genetics* ; Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology* ; Mitochondrial Proteins/metabolism* ; Mutation ; Phosphorylation ; Tyrosine/genetics* ; Cell Line ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism* ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial

This consensus will introduce the characteristics of fillers used in the surgical cavities of domestic nasal surgery patients based on relevant literature and expert opinions. It will also provide recommendations for the selection of cavity fillers for different nasal diseases, with chronic sinusitis as a representative example.
Humans ; Nasal Cavity/surgery* ; Nasal Surgical Procedures ; China ; Consensus ; Sinusitis/surgery* ; Dermal Fillers

Zishen Huoxue decoction (ZSHX) enhances cardiomyocyte viability following hypoxic stress; however, its upstream therapeutic targets remain unclear. Network pharmacology and RNA sequencing analyses revealed that ZSHX target genes were closely associated with mitophagy and apoptosis in the mitochondrial pathway. In vitro, ZSHX inhibited pathological mitochondrial fission following hypoxic stress, regulated FUN14 domain-containing protein 1 (FUNDC1)-related mitophagy, and increased the levels of mitophagy lysosomes and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta II (LC3II)/translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 (TOM20) expression while inhibiting the over-activated mitochondrial unfolded protein response. Additionally, ZSHX regulated the stability of beta-tubulin through Sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) and could modulate FUNDC1-related synergistic mechanisms of mitophagy and unfolded protein response in the mitochondria (UPR^mt) via the SIRT5 and -β-tubulin axis. This targeting pathway may be crucial for cardiomyocytes to resist hypoxia. Collectively, these findings suggest that ZSHX can protect against cardiomyocyte injury via the SIRT5-β-tubulin axis, which may be associated with the synergistic protective mechanism of SIRT5-β-tubulin axis-related mitophagy and UPR^mt on cardiomyocytes.
Mitophagy/drug effects* ; Tubulin/genetics* ; Animals ; Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Sirtuins/genetics* ; Unfolded Protein Response/drug effects* ; Myocardial Ischemia/genetics* ; Rats ; Humans ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Male

[摘 要] 目的：探究包被蛋白复合体β1亚基（COPB1）在食管鳞状细胞癌（ESCC）中的表达，及其对ESCC细胞恶性生物学行为的影响、作用机制及临床意义。方法：采用2014～2018年间在河北医科大学第四医院生物样本库中82例ESCC组织及癌旁组织，常规培养正常食管鳞状上皮细胞HEEC和食管癌细胞KYSE-150、KYSE-170、Eca109、TE1、KYSE-30、KYSE-450，用转染试剂将pcDNA3.1-vector（空载体）、pcDNA3.1-COPB1载体，si-NC和si-COPB1转染至KYSE-150、TE1细胞中，记为NC、COPB1-OE、si-NC和si-COPB1组。用数据库数据分析COPB1 mRNA在泛癌组织中的表达及其表达与免疫细胞浸润的关系，qPCR法检测ESCC组织和细胞中COPB1、PIK3CB、CD68、CD163、CD206、ARG1、IL-10 mRNA水平表达情况，WB法检测ESCC组织和各组细胞中的COPB1、PI3K、CD68、CD163、CD206、p-AKT蛋白表达，克隆形成实验和MTS实验检测各组细胞的增殖能力，划痕愈合实验和Transwell实验检测各组细胞的迁移和侵袭能力，免疫组织化学染色（IHC）法检测ESCC组织中COPB1和CD206蛋白表达。以人单核细胞白血病细胞（THP-1）构建巨噬细胞模型，用佛波酯（PMA）和IL-3和IL-4和ESCC细胞上清液诱导巨噬细胞转型，用qPCR和WB法检测CD68和CD206m RNA和蛋白的表达。结果：COPB1在泛癌组织和ESCC组织中均呈高表达且与淋巴结转移和TNM分期有关联（均P < 0.01），COPB1高表达的ESCC患者总生存期短（P < 0.05），COPB1是潜在的ESCC的诊断标志物。COPB1在KYSE-150和TE1细胞中也呈高表达（均P < 0.05），过表达或敲减COPB1可明显抑制或促进KYSE-150和TE1细胞的增殖能力、迁移和侵袭能力（均P < 0.05）。COPB1表达变化诱导的差异表达基因主要富集于PI3K/AKT通路（均P < 0.001）, COPB1可促进PI3K/AKT通路的活化（P < 0.05），COPB1高表达可导致M2型巨噬细胞浸润增加（P < 0.05），COPB1高表达促进TAM/M2极化（P < 0.05）。结论：COPB1在ESCC组织中呈高表达，其可激活PI3K/AKT通路及调控肿瘤免疫微环境促进 ESCC发生发展，COPB1有望成为ESCC诊断和预后的生物标志物及治疗靶点。

ObjectiveTo examine the inhibitory effects of berberine compounds， including columbamine， on acetylcholinesterase from the perspectives of drug-target binding affinity and kinetics and explore the blood-brain barrier （BBB） permeability of these compounds in different multi-component backgrounds. MethodThe median inhibitory concentration （IC₅₀） of acetylcholinesterase by berberine compounds including columbamine was measured using the Ellman-modified spectrophotometric method. The binding kinetic parameters （K_off） of these compounds with acetylcholinesterase were determined using the enzyme activity recovery method. A qualitative analysis of the ability of these components to penetrate the BBB and arrive at the brain tissue in diverse multi-component backgrounds （including medicinal herbs and compound formulas） was conducted using ultra performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry （UPLC-HRMS）. ResultBerberine compounds， including columbamine， exhibited strong inhibition of acetylcholinesterase， with IC₅₀ values in the nanomolar range. Moreover， they displayed better drug-target binding kinetics characteristics （with smaller K_off values） than the positive control of donepezil hydrochloride （P<0.01）， indicating a longer inhibition duration of acetylcholinesterase. Berberine components such as columbamine could penetrate the BBB to arrive at brain tissue in the form of a monomer， as well as in the multi-component backgrounds of Coptis and Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex medicinal extracts and the compound formula Huanglian Jiedutang. ConclusionThese berberine compounds such as columbamine exhibit a strong inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase and can arrive at brain tissue in multi-component backgrounds. In the level of pharmacological substance， this supports the clinical efficacy of compound Huanglian Jiedutang in improving Alzheimer's disease， providing data support for elucidating the pharmacological basis of compound Huanglian Jiedutang.

ObjectiveTo investigate the antiviral effect of Menispermi Rhizoma total alkaloids and its relationship with the type Ⅰ interferon （IFN-Ⅰ） signaling pathway. MethodThe effects of Menispermi Rhizoma total alkaloids on the intracellular replication of influenza A virus （H1N1）， vesicular stomatitis virus （VSV）， and cerebral myocarditis virus （EMCV） were detected by fluorescent inverted microscope， flow cytometry， Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）， and Western blot. A mouse model infected with H1N1 was constructed， and the mice were divided into a control group， H1N1 model group， Menispermi Rhizoma total alkaloids groups （10， 20， 30 mg·kg^-1）， and oseltamivir group （40 mg·kg^-1）， so as to study the effects on the weight and survival rate of infected mice. Real-time PCR was used to detect the activation effect of Menispermi Rhizoma total alkaloids on the IFN-Ⅰ pathway in cells， and the relationship between the antiviral effect of Menispermi Rhizoma total alkaloids in IFNAR1 knockout A549 cells （IFNAR1^-/--A549） and IFN-Ⅰ pathway was detected. ResultCompared with the control group， the virus proliferated significantly in the model group （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Menispermi Rhizoma total alkaloids could significantly inhibit the replication of H1N1， VSV， and EMCV in vitro （P<0.01）， inhibit the weight loss of the mice infected with the H1N1 in vivo， and improve the survival rate of mice （P<0.05）. In addition， Menispermi Rhizoma total alkaloids activated the IFN-I pathway and relied on this pathway to exert the function of antiviral infection. ConclusionMenispermi Rhizoma total alkaloids exert antiviral effects in vivo and in vitro by activating the IFN-Ⅰ pathway.

Objective To analyze the occurrence characteristics of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV-23) in Hebei Province and to evaluate the safety of the vaccine. Methods AEFI cases related to vaccination of PPSV-23 in Hebei Province from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2022 were collected through the AEFI surveillance module of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Information System. The incidence of reported AEFI cases were then analyzed and compared. Results The reported incidence rate of AEFI of PPSV-23 was 56.12 /100,000 doses, and the incidence rate of adverse reactions was 55.50 /100 000 doses. The incidence rate of common adverse reactions was 53.94/100 000 doses, and the incidence rate of rare adverse reactions was 1.56/100 000 doses. Most of the reported AEFI cases caused by PPSV-23 were common adverse reactions, which occurred mainly within one day after vaccination, and the overall regression was positive. Conclusion The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine used in Hebei Province is safe，but its safety monitoring still needs to be strengthened.

Enthesitis related arthritis（ERA）is one of the subtypes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis（JIA）. It is a group of diseases characterized by arthritis，inflammation，axial lesions，and human leucocyte antigen-B27 positive. In the previous classification criteria，ERA does not include all of the subsets of juvenile spondyloarthritis（JSpA）. Based on an evidence-based approach，the Pediatric Rheumatology International trials Organization developed the latest classification criteria in 2019，and proposed the classification criteria of ERA/SpA，to distinguish it from other subtypes of JIA. The new definition added the term spondylitis，included imaging criteria，and adopted a new definition of back pain. The pathogenesis，evolution of classification criteria and prognosis of spondyloarthritis are described in this paper，in order to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment of patients with axial joint involvement，so as to improve the prognosis.