Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of measles cases in the measles elimination stage and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention, control, diagnosis and treatment of measles. Methods The descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the clinical characteristics of 442 confirmed measles cases in Hebei Province from 2018 to 2020. Results Among the 442 measles cases, the main symptoms were rash (96.61%), fever (90.50%), cough (56.11%), and Koplik spots (30.09%). Complications were mainly pneumonia (12.22%). There were significant differences in symptoms among different age groups (P < 0.05). The incidence of symptoms in children under 5 years old (except cough) was higher than that in other age groups. Immunization history had no significant impact on the symptoms of fever and rash (P > 0.05), but the incidence of symptoms such as cough, conjunctivitis, Koplik's spots and catarrhal rhinitis in the immunized group was lower than that in the non-immunized group (P < 0.05). The group with an interval of 0 days from fever to rash was the largest, and the proportion of people with an immunization history in the 0-day group (68.06%) was significantly higher than that in the 3-4-day group (49.44%) (P < 0.05). Pneumonia complications were mainly concentrated in children under 5 years old (87.03%), and most of the cases had a 0-dose immunization history (81.48%). Conclusion In the measles elimination stage, the incidence of fever and rash in cases is relatively high, while the incidence of Koplik spots is relatively low. The symptoms are more obvious in the younger age group. Vaccination can reduce the incidence of specific symptoms. The change in the time of rash appearance suggests that the diagnosis and treatment plan need to be adjusted. This study provides key data support for the formulation of measles prevention, control and treatment strategies.

Based on the opening-closing-pivot theory， this paper proposes that adolescent bipolar disorder is closely associated with taiyin （太阴）， shaoyang （少阳）， and jueyin （厥阴） channels. The principal pathogenesis involves dysfunction of the opening function of taiyin， impaired pivot function of shaoyang， and failure of the closing function of jueyin. Accordingly， the therapeutic principles include regulating taiyin to restore the ascending and descending movement of qi， harmonizing shaoyang to facilitate the pivot mechanism， and balancing yin and yang to reinforce the closing and storing function of jueyin. In clinical practice， Yihuang Powder （益黄散） and Tongxie Important Formula （痛泻要方） are commonly prescribed to regulate the qi movement of taiyin and restore its ascending and transporting functions， while Xiaochaihu Decoction （小柴胡汤） and Sini Powder （四逆散） are used to regulate the shaoyang pivot， and Wumei Pill （乌梅丸）， Danggui Sini Decoction （当归四逆汤）， and Huanglian Ejiao Decoction （黄连阿胶汤） combined with Shaoyao Gancao Decoction （芍药甘草汤） are employed to harmonize the jueyin closing mechanism. In addition， traditional daoyin （导引） exercise yi jin jing （易筋经） is incorporated to simultaneously regulate the body and mind by guiding internal regulation through external movement， thereby calming the body and tranquilizing the mind.

Based on the opening-closing-pivot theory， this paper proposes that adolescent bipolar disorder is closely associated with taiyin （太阴）， shaoyang （少阳）， and jueyin （厥阴） channels. The principal pathogenesis involves dysfunction of the opening function of taiyin， impaired pivot function of shaoyang， and failure of the closing function of jueyin. Accordingly， the therapeutic principles include regulating taiyin to restore the ascending and descending movement of qi， harmonizing shaoyang to facilitate the pivot mechanism， and balancing yin and yang to reinforce the closing and storing function of jueyin. In clinical practice， Yihuang Powder （益黄散） and Tongxie Important Formula （痛泻要方） are commonly prescribed to regulate the qi movement of taiyin and restore its ascending and transporting functions， while Xiaochaihu Decoction （小柴胡汤） and Sini Powder （四逆散） are used to regulate the shaoyang pivot， and Wumei Pill （乌梅丸）， Danggui Sini Decoction （当归四逆汤）， and Huanglian Ejiao Decoction （黄连阿胶汤） combined with Shaoyao Gancao Decoction （芍药甘草汤） are employed to harmonize the jueyin closing mechanism. In addition， traditional daoyin （导引） exercise yi jin jing （易筋经） is incorporated to simultaneously regulate the body and mind by guiding internal regulation through external movement， thereby calming the body and tranquilizing the mind.

Arachidonic acid can be transformed into a variety of metabolites that trigger an inflammatory response through cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, cytochrome P450 enzymes, and other metabolic pathways. Moreover, it plays a key role in the occurrence and development of inflammatory diseases. In recent years, multi-target drugs based on the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway have become an important direction of anti-inflammatory drug research. This article summarizes the opportunities and challenges of arachidonic acid metabolic pathways as well as their interference in the development of anti-inflammatory drugs, reviews the research progress of multi-target drug design, synthesis, and anti-inflammatory activity based on the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway, and discusses the difficulties and prospects of multi-target drugs based on metabolic pathways in anti-inflammatory drug development, aiming to provide some reference and inspiration for the study of multi-target anti-inflammatory drugs based on the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway.

This study aims to research the relationship between arterial stiffness and serum indirect bilirub in levels(IBIL)in patients with type 2 diabetes by measuring brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). The clinical data of 1 327 patients with T2DM admitted to Qingdao Huangdao District People′s Hospital from July 1st, 2018 to March 1st, 2024 were retrospectively and cross-sectionally analyzed (609 men and 718 women; age range, 45.3-79.5 years; median age, 60.3 years; mean age, 61.4 years). The subjects were stratified based on gender-specific quartiles of IBIL values(male, Q1:<6.7 μmol/L, Q2:6.7-8.9 μmol/L, Q3:8.9-12.3 μmol/L, Q4:≥12.3 μmol/L;female, Q1:<6.4 μmol/L, Q2:6.4-7.9 μmol/L, Q3:7.9-10.4 μmol/L, Q4:≥10.4 μmol/L), and a high baPWV was defined as greater than 18.37 m/s (75th percentile). The results showed that the serum IBIL concentration was negatively correlated with the duration of diabetes ( r=-0.142, P=0.010), the SBP ( r=-0.158, P=0.005) and the baPWV ( r=-0.194, P<0.001) in women and was positively correlated with TC (men: r=0.282, P<0.001; women: r=0.237, P<0.001), HDL-C (men: r=0.171, P=0.011; women: r=0.287, P<0.001) and LDL-C (men: r=0.196, P=0.009; women: r=0.233, P<0.001) levels in both genders. Dividing IBIL levels into quartiles, there were significant statistical differences in the incidence of high baPWV among different subgroups of female patients ( χ 2=36.468, P<0.001), and the incidence of high baPWV showed a decreasing trend with increasing IBIL levels. After adjusting for confounding factors, the IB levels were inversely associated with a greater risk of a high baPWV both as a continuous variable [a 1-SD difference; odds ratio ( OR):0.836; 95% confidence interval ( CI):0.774-0.942; P=0.009] and when categorized in quartiles (the highest vs. the lowest quartile; OR:0.381; 95% CI:0.162-0.897; P=0.025) in women but not in men. Low IBIL levels were significantly associated with arterial stiffness in middle-aged and elderly women with type 2 diabetes. In conclusion, the serum IBIL levels were independent protective factors for macrovascular disease in middle-aged and elderly diabetic women.

ObjectiveTo investigate the anti-Alzheimer's disease （AD） effect of Dipsacus asper（DA） in the Caenorhabditis elegans model， and decipher the underlying mechanism via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α （PPARα）/transcription factor EB （TFEB） pathway. MethodsFirst， transgenic AD C. elegans individuals were assigned into the blank control， model， positive control （WY14643， 20 µmol·L^-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （100， 200， and 400 mg·L^-1， respectively） DA groups. The amyloid β-42 （Aβ₄₂） formation in the muscle cells， the paralysis time， and the deposition of amyloid β-protein （Aβ） in the head were detected. The lysosomal autophagy in the BV2 cell model was examined by Rluc-LC3wt/G120A. The expression levels of lysosomal autophagy-related proteins LC3Ⅱ， LC3I， LAMP2， and TFEB were detected by Western blot. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was employed to determine the mRNA levels of autophagy-related genes beclin1 and Atg5 and lysosome-related genes LAMP2 and CLN2 downstream of PPARα/TFEB. A reporter gene assay was used to detect the transcriptional activities of PPARα and TFEB. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the fluorescence intensity of PPARα， and the active components of the ethanol extract of DA were identified by UPLC-MS. RCSB PDB， Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform （TCMSP）， and Autodock were used to analyze the binding between the active components and PPARα-ligand-binding domain （LBD）. ResultsCompared with the model group， the positive control group and 200 and 400 mg·L^-1 DA groups showed prolonged paralysis time （P<0.05）， and all the treatment groups showed decreased Aβ deposition in the head （P<0.01）. DA within the concentration range of 50-500 mg·L^-1 did not affect the viability of BV2 cells. In addition， DA enhanced the autophagy flux （P<0.05）， up-regulated the mRNA levels of beclin1， Atg5， LAMP2， and CLN2 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， promoted the nuclear translocation of TFEB （P<0.05）， increased LAMP2 expression and autophagy flux （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and enhanced the transcriptional activities of PPARα and TFEB （P<0.01）. The positive control group and 200 and 400 mg·L^-1 DA groups showed enhanced fluorescence intensity of PPARα in the BV2 nucleus （P<0.01）. UPLC-MS detected nine known compounds of DA， from which 8 active components of DA were screened out. The docking results suggested that a variety of components in DA could bind to PPARα-LBD and form stable hydrogen bonds. ConclusionDA may reduce the pathological changes in AD by regulating the PPARα-TFEB pathway.

Objective To analyze the operation of Measles Surveillance System (MSS) in Hebei Province, and to provide evidence for measles elimination. Methods Measles surveillance data was collected from the MSS from 2020 to 2023, and a modified weighted technology for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) method was used to evaluate the surveillance indexes of measles in Hebei Province. Results The operation quality of the measles surveillance system in Hebei Province was improved year by year, with the highest quality in 2023, and all the indicators reached the monitoring program standards. The quality of measles surveillance system was not balanced among cities, and the main influencing factor was the substandard sensitivity indicators. The quality of measles surveillance system was the highest in Baoding City and the lowest in Zhangjiakou City. Conclusion The measles surveillance system in Hebei province is running well, and the sensitivity of the surveillance system should be improved to keep the high-quality operation of the surveillance system.

BACKGROUND:Apoptosis and autophagy imbalance in the hippocampal region of perimenopausal depressed rats are closely related to cognitive decline.Whether aerobic exercise can reduce apoptosis by promoting hippocampal autophagy and thus improve the learning and memory abilities of perimenopausal depressed rats is not clear.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the possible mechanism by which 4-week moderate-intensity treadmill exercise improves learning memory ability in ovariectomized stressed rats.METHODS:Forty Sprague-Dawely rats were randomly divided into four groups,namely,sham operation group(n=10),ovariectomized group(n=10),ovariectomized stress group(n=10)and ovariectomized stress exercise group(n=10).Except for the sham operation group,the ovaries were removed in the other three groups to establish a perimenopausal rat model,and then a depressed rat model was established by chronic unpredictable stress in the latter two groups.The rats in the ovariectomized stress exercise group underwent a 4-week moderate-intensity treadmill exercise.Tail suspension test and sucrose preference test were performed to text depression-like behaviors in rats after exercise and stress.The eight-arm maze experiment was used to test the learning and memory behaviors of rats after exercise and stress.Western blot was used to detect the protein levels of AMP-activated protein kinase/UNC-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1/mammalian target of rapamycin(AMPK/mTOR/ULK1),hippocampus apoptotic factor Caspase-3 and the protein expression of autophagy markers LC-3II/Beclin-1 in the hippocampus.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the sham operation group,rats in the ovariectomized and ovariectomized stress groups had prolonged resting time in the tail suspension test and decreased sugar-water intake and sugar-water preference in the sucrose preference test.(2)Ovary removal reduced the learning memory capacity of rats,as evidenced behaviorally by a significant increase in the number of working memory errors,the number of reference memory errors,and the completion time,and an even more pronounced increase in the above measures in the ovariectomized stress group.(3)Compared with the ovariectomized group,there was a significant reduction in the number of working memory errors,the number of reference memory errors,and the completion time in the ovariectomized stress group.(4)Compared with the sham operation group,in the ovariectomized and ovariectomized stress groups,the expression of hippocampal apoptotic factor Caspase 3 protein was significantly elevated,the expression of autophagy-related factors proteins Beclin-1 and LC3II,as well as the protein expression of AMPK and ULK1,was decreased,whereas the expression of mTOR protein was elevated.Changes in the above indicators were more significant in the ovariectomized stress group.(5)Compared with the ovariectomized stress group,in the ovariectomized stress exercise group,the protein expression of Caspase 3 was significantly decreased,the protein expression of Beclin-1 and LC3II was significantly increased,the protein expression of AMPK and ULK1 was significantly increased,and the protein expression of mTOR was significantly reduced.To conclude,4-week moderate-intensity treadmill exercise may promote cellular autophagy and reduce apoptosis through the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 autophagy signaling pathway,thereby enhancing the learning and memory capacity of rats with ovariectomized depression

This study aims to research the relationship between arterial stiffness and serum indirect bilirub in levels(IBIL)in patients with type 2 diabetes by measuring brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). The clinical data of 1 327 patients with T2DM admitted to Qingdao Huangdao District People′s Hospital from July 1st, 2018 to March 1st, 2024 were retrospectively and cross-sectionally analyzed (609 men and 718 women; age range, 45.3-79.5 years; median age, 60.3 years; mean age, 61.4 years). The subjects were stratified based on gender-specific quartiles of IBIL values(male, Q1:<6.7 μmol/L, Q2:6.7-8.9 μmol/L, Q3:8.9-12.3 μmol/L, Q4:≥12.3 μmol/L;female, Q1:<6.4 μmol/L, Q2:6.4-7.9 μmol/L, Q3:7.9-10.4 μmol/L, Q4:≥10.4 μmol/L), and a high baPWV was defined as greater than 18.37 m/s (75th percentile). The results showed that the serum IBIL concentration was negatively correlated with the duration of diabetes ( r=-0.142, P=0.010), the SBP ( r=-0.158, P=0.005) and the baPWV ( r=-0.194, P<0.001) in women and was positively correlated with TC (men: r=0.282, P<0.001; women: r=0.237, P<0.001), HDL-C (men: r=0.171, P=0.011; women: r=0.287, P<0.001) and LDL-C (men: r=0.196, P=0.009; women: r=0.233, P<0.001) levels in both genders. Dividing IBIL levels into quartiles, there were significant statistical differences in the incidence of high baPWV among different subgroups of female patients ( χ 2=36.468, P<0.001), and the incidence of high baPWV showed a decreasing trend with increasing IBIL levels. After adjusting for confounding factors, the IB levels were inversely associated with a greater risk of a high baPWV both as a continuous variable [a 1-SD difference; odds ratio ( OR):0.836; 95% confidence interval ( CI):0.774-0.942; P=0.009] and when categorized in quartiles (the highest vs. the lowest quartile; OR:0.381; 95% CI:0.162-0.897; P=0.025) in women but not in men. Low IBIL levels were significantly associated with arterial stiffness in middle-aged and elderly women with type 2 diabetes. In conclusion, the serum IBIL levels were independent protective factors for macrovascular disease in middle-aged and elderly diabetic women.