Objective To investigate the acquisition of the"standard for intubation and maintenance of nasointestinal tube in adult patients"of Chinese Nursing Association,and its influencing factors,so as to provide a basis for targeted training programs.Methods A multi-centered,cross-sectional study was performed in 31 provinces from September to November 2023,and nurses from different departments which use nasointestinal tubes like intensive care units,gastroenterology,neurology,geriatrics were included by a convenient sampling method.The tool was a self-designed questionnaire based on the group standard and the survey was conducted.Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of nurses'knowledge of nasointestinal tubes intubation and maintenance.Results 1 350 valid questionnaires were collected.Only 61.63％of the respondents knew about the publishing of the standard.The score of knowledge of tube intubation and maintenance was(61.09±13.56).The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed the influencing factors of the score of knowledge of intubation and maintenance were as follows:education level,professional title,job position,intubation experience within half a year,and corresponding achievements(P＜0.05).Conclusion The acqui-sition level of nurses for the standard calls for continuous promotion.Nursing managers should establish targeted training programs based on the related influencing factors,so as to advance the implementation of the group standard.

Objective:To analyze the occurrence of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and related inflammatory indicators in obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and explore the risk factors of MAFLD.Methods:A cross-sectional study. From January 2022 to October 2024,172 patients with sleep disorders were enrolled in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University,including 38 patients with non-OSAHS,53 patients with mild OSAHS,37 patients with moderate OSAHS,and 44 patients with severe OSAHS. The occurrence of MAFLD was comprehensively judged from three aspects: metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver (MAFL),elevated liver enzymes,and liver fibrosis. The situation of MAFLD and the level of related inflammatory markers were compared among the four groups. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for MAFLD in OSAHS.Results:There were significant differences in the prevalence of MAFL,the percentage of elevated liver enzymes,and interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels among the four groups ( P<0.05). The differences of fibrosis-4 index and C-reactive protein among the four groups were not statistically significant ( P>0.05). Binary logistic regression showed that BMI,triglycerides,longest time of sleep apnea and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were the risk factors for MAFL ( P<0.05). BMI,glucose,and apnea-hypopnea index were the risk factors for elevated liver enzymes ( P<0.05). Conclusions:OSAHS is strongly associated with MAFLD,and the involvement of OSAHS in the occurrence and development of MAFLD may be related to obesity,lipid metabolism disorders,insulin resistance,inflammatory responses,and intermittent hypoxia.

Humanistic caring for patients in the operating room refers to providing the whole process of caring medical services for patients in the operating room. In order to standardize humanistic caring services for patients in the operating room of medical institutions, improve the comprehensive service level of the operating room, and enhance the surgical experience of patients, the Chinese Association for Life Care released the group standard " Humanistic Caring Management Standards for Patients in the Operating Room" in December 2023. This article interpreted the basic requirements for humanistic caring of patients in the operating room, the environment and facilities for humanistic caring, the procedures and measures for humanistic caring, and the quality management framework, aiming to assist administrators and clinical practitioners across various levels of medical institutions in accurately understanding and effectively implementing the standard, and to provide essential textual reference and practical guidance for promoting the application of the standard.

Objective To explore the characteristics of gastric emptying in the whole process of drinking water for colonoscopy in the elderly,and to develop an elderly-friendly drinking water program,thereby improving the comfort and the quality of bowel preparation.Methods From April to September 2024,gastric ultrasound was used to monitor gastric emptying indicators in the whole process of drinking water for colonoscopy in the elderly,summa-rizing its physiological features.On this basis,in October 2024,through literature review and expert argumentation,a bowel preparation drinking water program that meets the characteristics of gastric emptying in the elderly was de-veloped.A convenience sample of 90 elderly patients scheduled for colonoscopy at 2 tertiary hospitals in Beijing was enrolled from November 2024 to January 2025.A non-concurrent controlled trial was conducted:an experimen-tal group from December 2024 to January 2025 received the new elderly-friendly drinking water program,while a control group in November 2024 followed the conventional program.Outcomes included drinking comfort assessed via Visual Analogue Scale(VAS),adverse events,total fluid intake volume and bowel preparation quality via Boston Bowel Preparation Scale(BBPS).Results The experimental group demonstrated superior VAS score(P＜0.05),bowel preparation quality(P＜0.05),total fluid intake(P＜0.05),and higher compliance with optimal stool consistency(P＜0.05),compared to the control group.The experimental group also exhibited a lower incidence of adverse events(P＜0.05).No significant difference was observed in total bowel preparation duration between 2 groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion The bowel preparation drinking water program based on the characteristics of gastric emptying in the elderly improved solution intake tolerance and bowel preparation quality,with practical implications for clinical implementation.

The early symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)are insidious,and its occurrence and development are a gradual accumulation of pathogenic factors.Clinically,it exhibits symptoms of yang deficiency and yin injury,and its pathogenic characteristics are consistent with the insidious,accumulative and injury positive characteristics of the latent cold."Latent cold"runs through the entire course of COPD.Qi-yang deficiency is the basis for the production of latent cold,external cold triggers the onset of latent cold and the cohesion of latent cold is the key to its onset.The clinical practice advocates for staged treatment based on clinical manifestations and the characteristics of changes in latent cold.During the acute phase of the attack,external cold invasion occurs and there is excessive movement due to the presence of cold.Treatment is based on warming and promoting the spread of pathogenic factors;during chronic stable period,warming and supplementing qi yang should be adopted;during the gradual aggravation period,the patients are prone to prolong chilliness and stagnation with phlegm and blood stasis forming.The treatment is based on a combination of warming and cooling.

Objective To investigate the level of self-efficacy in peritoneal dialysis patients,and to ana-lyze its influencing factors.Methods The convenience sampling method was adopted.A total of 232 patients with peritoneal dialysis in the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from March 2022 to March 2023 were selected as the study subjects to conduct the status quo survey of chronic disease self-efficacy scale,social support scale,medical coping style questionnaire and patient positivity scale,and the results were analyzed.Re-sults The self-efficacy score of the patients with peritoneal dialysis(6.67±2.14)points,education level,fam-ily monthly income,working status,submission,social support,objective support,subjective support and pa-tient positivity were the main factors affecting the level of self-efficacy(P<0.05),explaining 64.4%of the variation amount.Self-efficacy was positively correlated with social support,facing and patient positivity(P<0.05),and negatively correlated with avoidance and submission(P<0.05).Conclusion The self-efficacy of peritoneal dialysis patients is generally at a low to medium level.Medical staff should pay more attention to it and improve it.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of nirsevimab in preventing respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in infants.Methods:Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of nirsevimab in the prevention of RSV infection in newborns and infants (≤ 2 years old) were collected by searching relevant databases at home and abroad (up to February 12, 2025). Subjects in the trial group received a single dose injection of nirsevimab, while those in the control group received placebo or no interventions, with an observation period of ≥150 days. The efficacy outcome indicators included the incidence of acute lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), RSV-associated hospital visits, RSV-associated hospitalization, and severe RSV infection events. The safety outcome indicators were the occurrence of adverse events (AEs) after injection of nirsevimab. Quality of methodology was evaluated using bias risk assessment tool of Cochrane collaboration networks. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. The effect sizes were relative risk ( RR) and its 95% confidence interval ( CI). Results:A total of 4 RCTs and 11 051 subjects were entered in the analysis, including 6 032 subjects in the trial group and 5 019 in the control group. The results of meta-analysis showed that compared with the control group, the incidences of acute LRTI [4.94% (298/6 032) vs. 5.70% (286/5 019), RR=0.57, 95% CI: 0.41-0.81], RSV-associated hospital visits [1.85% (37/1 995) vs. 7.11% (71/998), RR=0.26, 95% CI: 0.18-0.38], RSV-associated hospitalization [0.31% (19/6 032) vs. 1.75% (88/5 019), RR=0.17, 95% CI: 0.07-0.43], and severe RSV infection events [0.10% (5/5 038) vs. 1.52% (69/4 523), RR=0.07, 95% CI: 0.03-0.17] in the trial group were significantly lower, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.001). The differences in incidences of AEs, grade ≥3 AEs, AEs of great concern, and death events in the 2 groups during the observation period were not significant (all P>0.05), and no nirsevimab-related death events occurred. Conclusion:Nirsevimab is effective in preventing RSV infection in infants and has a good safety profile.

Objective To explore the characteristics of gastric emptying in the whole process of drinking water for colonoscopy in the elderly,and to develop an elderly-friendly drinking water program,thereby improving the comfort and the quality of bowel preparation.Methods From April to September 2024,gastric ultrasound was used to monitor gastric emptying indicators in the whole process of drinking water for colonoscopy in the elderly,summa-rizing its physiological features.On this basis,in October 2024,through literature review and expert argumentation,a bowel preparation drinking water program that meets the characteristics of gastric emptying in the elderly was de-veloped.A convenience sample of 90 elderly patients scheduled for colonoscopy at 2 tertiary hospitals in Beijing was enrolled from November 2024 to January 2025.A non-concurrent controlled trial was conducted:an experimen-tal group from December 2024 to January 2025 received the new elderly-friendly drinking water program,while a control group in November 2024 followed the conventional program.Outcomes included drinking comfort assessed via Visual Analogue Scale(VAS),adverse events,total fluid intake volume and bowel preparation quality via Boston Bowel Preparation Scale(BBPS).Results The experimental group demonstrated superior VAS score(P＜0.05),bowel preparation quality(P＜0.05),total fluid intake(P＜0.05),and higher compliance with optimal stool consistency(P＜0.05),compared to the control group.The experimental group also exhibited a lower incidence of adverse events(P＜0.05).No significant difference was observed in total bowel preparation duration between 2 groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion The bowel preparation drinking water program based on the characteristics of gastric emptying in the elderly improved solution intake tolerance and bowel preparation quality,with practical implications for clinical implementation.

The early symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)are insidious,and its occurrence and development are a gradual accumulation of pathogenic factors.Clinically,it exhibits symptoms of yang deficiency and yin injury,and its pathogenic characteristics are consistent with the insidious,accumulative and injury positive characteristics of the latent cold."Latent cold"runs through the entire course of COPD.Qi-yang deficiency is the basis for the production of latent cold,external cold triggers the onset of latent cold and the cohesion of latent cold is the key to its onset.The clinical practice advocates for staged treatment based on clinical manifestations and the characteristics of changes in latent cold.During the acute phase of the attack,external cold invasion occurs and there is excessive movement due to the presence of cold.Treatment is based on warming and promoting the spread of pathogenic factors;during chronic stable period,warming and supplementing qi yang should be adopted;during the gradual aggravation period,the patients are prone to prolong chilliness and stagnation with phlegm and blood stasis forming.The treatment is based on a combination of warming and cooling.

Objective To investigate the acquisition of the"standard for intubation and maintenance of nasointestinal tube in adult patients"of Chinese Nursing Association,and its influencing factors,so as to provide a basis for targeted training programs.Methods A multi-centered,cross-sectional study was performed in 31 provinces from September to November 2023,and nurses from different departments which use nasointestinal tubes like intensive care units,gastroenterology,neurology,geriatrics were included by a convenient sampling method.The tool was a self-designed questionnaire based on the group standard and the survey was conducted.Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of nurses'knowledge of nasointestinal tubes intubation and maintenance.Results 1 350 valid questionnaires were collected.Only 61.63％of the respondents knew about the publishing of the standard.The score of knowledge of tube intubation and maintenance was(61.09±13.56).The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed the influencing factors of the score of knowledge of intubation and maintenance were as follows:education level,professional title,job position,intubation experience within half a year,and corresponding achievements(P＜0.05).Conclusion The acqui-sition level of nurses for the standard calls for continuous promotion.Nursing managers should establish targeted training programs based on the related influencing factors,so as to advance the implementation of the group standard.