Background:Autoimmune gastritis(AIG)is a CD4+T cell-mediated immune disease.In recent years,with increased awareness and understanding of the condition,reports of AIG cases in China have been gradually increasing.Aims:To analyze and summarize the clinical characteristics of AIG for better disease recognition and diagnosis.Methods:Data on AIG patients diagnosed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University from August 2018 to December 2023 were collected and analyzed for their clinical,laboratory,endoscopic,and pathological features.Results:A total of 161 AIG patients were included,with the mean age of 56.81 years old,63 were males and 98 females.Most of the patients exhibited no characteristic clinical symptoms.The laboratory measurements were as follows:gastrin-17,44.68 pmol/L;pepsinogen(PG)Ⅰ,38.61 μg/L;PG Ⅱ,10.41 μg/L;PGⅠ/Ⅱ ratio,32.1;vitamin B12,344.45 pmol/L;and hemoglobin,125.15 g/L.The positivity rates of thyroglobulin antibody and thyroid peroxidase antibody were 46.0%and 30.0%,respectively.The main comorbid autoimmune diseases were Hashimoto's thyroiditis(8.1%)and rheumatoid arthritis(5.0%).One hundred and seven cases exhibited the"reverse atrophy"phenomenon,while 54 cases showed pan-gastric atrophy,predominantly in the fundus and body.Fifteen cases were diagnosed as gastric neuroendocrine tumors(NET)or gastric carcinoma.Pathological analysis of 90 gastric mucosal specimens showed 24 cases of lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration without significant atrophy,42 cases of glandular atrophy and lymphocyte infiltration,and 24 cases of enterochromaffin cell hyperplasia and the formation of endocrine micro-nests.Conclusions:AIG is more common in middle-aged and elderly individuals,with a slightly higher prevalence in females and a frequent association with anemia.It should be suspected in patients with low PGⅠ level and hypergastrinemia.Due to the increased risk of gastric adenocarcinoma and NETs,regular endoscopic monitoring is recommended.

Background:Autoimmune gastritis(AIG)is a CD4+T cell-mediated immune disease.In recent years,with increased awareness and understanding of the condition,reports of AIG cases in China have been gradually increasing.Aims:To analyze and summarize the clinical characteristics of AIG for better disease recognition and diagnosis.Methods:Data on AIG patients diagnosed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University from August 2018 to December 2023 were collected and analyzed for their clinical,laboratory,endoscopic,and pathological features.Results:A total of 161 AIG patients were included,with the mean age of 56.81 years old,63 were males and 98 females.Most of the patients exhibited no characteristic clinical symptoms.The laboratory measurements were as follows:gastrin-17,44.68 pmol/L;pepsinogen(PG)Ⅰ,38.61 μg/L;PG Ⅱ,10.41 μg/L;PGⅠ/Ⅱ ratio,32.1;vitamin B12,344.45 pmol/L;and hemoglobin,125.15 g/L.The positivity rates of thyroglobulin antibody and thyroid peroxidase antibody were 46.0%and 30.0%,respectively.The main comorbid autoimmune diseases were Hashimoto's thyroiditis(8.1%)and rheumatoid arthritis(5.0%).One hundred and seven cases exhibited the"reverse atrophy"phenomenon,while 54 cases showed pan-gastric atrophy,predominantly in the fundus and body.Fifteen cases were diagnosed as gastric neuroendocrine tumors(NET)or gastric carcinoma.Pathological analysis of 90 gastric mucosal specimens showed 24 cases of lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration without significant atrophy,42 cases of glandular atrophy and lymphocyte infiltration,and 24 cases of enterochromaffin cell hyperplasia and the formation of endocrine micro-nests.Conclusions:AIG is more common in middle-aged and elderly individuals,with a slightly higher prevalence in females and a frequent association with anemia.It should be suspected in patients with low PGⅠ level and hypergastrinemia.Due to the increased risk of gastric adenocarcinoma and NETs,regular endoscopic monitoring is recommended.

【Objective】 To analyze the efficacy and safety of intralesional triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of mass granulomatous mastitis (GLM). 【Methods】 Retrospective analysis was made on 67 patients with GLM who were treated in Xijing Hospital from July 2021 to May 2022 and met the inclusion criteria. Among them, 31 patients were treated with local injection of triamcinolone acetonide, while 36 ones were treated with oral methylprednisolone. All the included patients underwent surgical treatment after their condition met the surgical criteria, and the follow-up period lasted for up to six months after surgery. The two groups were compared in improvement of symptoms and signs, treatment time, clinical effectiveness and safety, and recurrence rate. 【Results】 The effective rate of triamcinolone acetonide group and methylprednisolone group was 100%, but the clinical cure rate was significantly higher in triamcinolone acetonide group than in methylprednisolone group in stratified analysis (P<0.05). The improvement time of symptoms and signs in triamcinolone acetonide group was significantly shorter than that in methylprednisolone group (P<0.05). The incidence of side effects in triamcinolone acetonide group was also significantly reduced compared to methylprednisolone group (P<0.05). Follow-up for half a year showed no recurrence in both groups. 【Conclusion】 Compared with the traditional oral methylprednisolone group, local injection of triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of mass granulomatous mastitis can rapidly relieve clinical symptoms and signs, shorten treatment time, and has higher efficiency and fewer side effects. Local injection of hormone combined with surgery is effective in treating mass granulomatous mastitis with low recurrence rate.

Background:With the increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance and adverse reactions to Helicobacter pylori(Hp),it is difficult for proton pump inhibitor-based quadruple therapy to meet the actual clinical treatment needs,so it is necessary to seek another effective combination therapy program on this basis.In recent years,the application of microecological preparations represented by Bifid triple viable capsule has been widely valued in clinical practice with its unique advantages.Aims:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Bifid triple viable capsule combined with quadruple therapy in the treatment of Hp infection.Methods:The databases of CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,CBM,PubMed,Web of Science from January 2012 to April 2023 were searched by computer,to collect the relevant literature published at home and abroad on the treatment of Hp infection with Bifid triple viable capsule combined with quadruple therapy,and to screen the included literature for quality evaluation using the Cochrane risk bias tool,and to extract relevant data.Data were Meta-analyzed with RevMan 5.4.Results:Ten randomized controlled trials were included,including 1 828 patients with or without underlying disease who were Hp positive.Meta-analysis showed that the eradication rate of Hp in Bifid triple viable capsule combined with quadruple therapy was significantly higher than that in quadruple therapy group(RR=1.23,95%CI:1.19-1.29,P<0.000 01),while the incidence of adverse reactions was significantly decreased(RR=0.37,95%CI:0.28-0.48,P<0.000 01).Conclusions:Bifid triple viable capsule combined with quadruple therapy can significantly increase the eradication rate of Hp and reduce the adverse drug reactions,which has practical significance to guide clinical application.

Cardiovascular disease, with high morbidity and mortality, has been threatening the health of human beings. Therefore, expecting to find a more effective therapeutic method, a plenty of researchers devote themselves to the study of the cardiovascular disease all the time. Since discovered on the heart, M3 receptor of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAchR, M receptor) became a new starting point of the research of the cardiovascular disease. With more and more investigation, many people found that M3 receptor could protect the heart from kinds of cardiovascular disease, which may make it a new hopeful therapeutic point. So, expecting to give support to the reference and encouragement for the study of disease related to M3 receptor in future, this review expounds M3 receptor on the heart from the main following aspects: the effect on the heart, the influence on the cardiovascular disease and the mechanism of M3 receptor involved.

AIM To elucidate the possible antiarrhythmic mechanism of matrine. METHODS Whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to record ionic currents in ventricular myocytes. RESULTS In guinea pig ventricular myocytes, matrine 100 μmol·L-1 prolonged 90% action potential duration (APD90) by 40% at a stimulation of 0.1 Hz in a frequency-independent manner, inhibited IK1 by 47% at the test potential of -120 mV, reduced IKr,tail by 50% and had no effect on IKs,tail. CONCLUSION Matrine prolonged APD through blockade of multiple potassium currents, which may relate to its antiarrhythmic efficacy.