A complete plant body consists of elements on different scales, including microscopic molecules, mesoscopic multicellular structures, and macroscopic tissues and organs, which are interconnected to form complex biological networks. The growth and development of plants involve the regulation of elements on different scales and their biological networks, which requires the coordinated operation of multiple molecules, cells, tissues, and organs. It is difficult to reveal the essence of multi-level life activities by a single method or technology. In recent years, the development of various novel imaging technologies has provided new approaches for revealing the complex life activities in plants. Using multi-modal imaging technologies to study the cross-scale network connections of plants from the microscopic, mesoscopic, and macroscopic levels is crucial for understanding the complex internal connections behind biological functions. This paper first summarizes multi-modal cross-scale imaging technologies, three-dimensional reconstruction, and image processing methods, outlines the basic framework of cross-scale network connection properties, and then summarizes the applications of multi-modal imaging technologies in elucidating plant multi-scale networks. Finally, this review systematically integrates the combined analysis of cross-scale 3D spatial structural data and single-cell omics, laying a theoretical foundation for the innovation of novel plant imaging technologies. Furthermore, it provides a new research paradigm for in-depth exploration of the interaction mechanisms among cross-scale elements and the principles of biological network connectivity in plant life activities.
Plants/metabolism* ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods* ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods* ; Multimodal Imaging/methods* ; Plant Physiological Phenomena

Objective: To explore the association between physical activity, anxiety symptoms and academic performance among junior high school students, so as to provide data support for optimizing school physical education and health work and formulating physical activity guidelines. Methods: From September to December 2022, a convenience cluster sampling method was used to survey 2 800 junior high school students in a middle school from Anqing City, Anhui Province. Data were collected on the students anxiety symptoms, academic performance, 24 hour physical activity [moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity(MVPA), light intensity physical activity(LPA), sedentary behavior(SB), and sleep(SLP) duration] as well as demographic characteristics. Compositional data analysis was used to explore the associations between 24 hour physical activity, anxiety symptoms and academic performance among junior high school students, and to predict the optimal time use combination pattern. Results: Among the junior high school students, 16.0% (447 students) reported anxiety symptoms, and 42.0% (1 175 students) achieved excellent or good academic performance. Compositional data analysis showed that increased SLP duration was associated with both reduced anxiety symptoms ( β =-0.18) and decreased academic performance ( β =-0.03) among junior high school students; increased MVPA duration was correlated with fewer anxiety symptoms ( β =-0.02) and lower academic performance ( β =-0.13); in contrast, increased SB duration was linked to more anxiety symptoms ( β =0.09) and higher academic performance ( β =0.09) (all P <0.01). LPA duration exhibited a non linear relationship with anxiety symptoms and academic performance in junior high school students (all P >0.05). The time use combination pattern corresponding to the lowest anxiety symptoms and highest academic performance (top 5%) in adolescents was 611 (520-640) minutes of SLP, 258 (230-320) minutes of SB, 454 (280-610) minutes of LPA, and 117 (20-200) minutes of MVPA per day. Conclusions The 24 hour physical activity of junior high school students is associated with anxiety symptoms and academic performance. Therefore, it is recommended to increase the time spent on SB, MVPA, and LPA for junior high school students, while reducing SB.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a significant global health challenge as a common malignancy of the digestive tract. The involvement of B vitamins—specifically folic acid (B9), riboflavin (B2), pyridoxine (B6), and cobalamin (B12)—is crucial in metabolic processes by mediating the transfer of one-carbon (1C) units, which plays a fundamental role in cellular functions and tumor growth. 1C metabolism is involved in synthesis of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and other cofactors. 1C metabolism, intertwined with the metabolism of other nutrients, forms complex pathways where B vitamins act as precursors or coenzymes, influencing the production of various intermediates. These vitamins, as essential nutrients, are implicated to varying the pathogenesis and progression of colorectal cancer such as epigenetics. Furthermore, 1C metabolism affects tumor cell fate through multiple aspects including nucleotide synthesis, redox homeostasis, and the interaction with gut microbiota. Given these roles, understanding and monitoring B vitamin levels and their metabolic pathways are essential for colorectal cancer prevention and management. This approach not only helps in reducing tumor-related mortality but also opens new avenues for research into CRC mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies.

Background::Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a type of highly invasive breast cancer with a poor prognosis. According to new research, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a significant role in the progression of cancer. Although the role of lncRNAs in breast cancer has been well reported, few studies have focused on TNBC. This study aimed to explore the biological function and clinical significance of forkhead box C1 promoter upstream transcript (FOXCUT) in triple-negative breast cancer.Methods::Based on a bioinformatic analysis of the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database, we detected that the lncRNA FOXCUT was overexpressed in TNBC tissues, which was further validated in an external cohort of tissues from the General Surgery Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. The functions of FOXCUT in proliferation, migration, and invasion were detected in vitro or in vivo. Luciferase assays and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) were performed to reveal that FOXCUT acted as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for the microRNA miR-24-3p and consequently inhibited the degradation of p38. Results::lncRNA FOXCUT was markedly highly expressed in breast cancer, which was associated with poor prognosis in some cases. Knockdown of FOXCUT significantly inhibited cancer growth and metastasis in vitro or in vivo. Mechanistically, FOXCUT competitively bounded to miR-24-3p to prevent the degradation of p38, which might act as an oncogene in breast cancer. Conclusion::Collectively, this research revealed a novel FOXCUT/miR-24-3p/p38 axis that affected breast cancer progression and suggested that the lncRNA FOXCUT could be a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for breast cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a significant global health challenge as a common malignancy of the digestive tract. The involvement of B vitamins—specifically folic acid (B9), riboflavin (B2), pyridoxine (B6), and cobalamin (B12)—is crucial in metabolic processes by mediating the transfer of one-carbon (1C) units, which plays a fundamental role in cellular functions and tumor growth. 1C metabolism is involved in synthesis of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and other cofactors. 1C metabolism, intertwined with the metabolism of other nutrients, forms complex pathways where B vitamins act as precursors or coenzymes, influencing the production of various intermediates. These vitamins, as essential nutrients, are implicated to varying the pathogenesis and progression of colorectal cancer such as epigenetics. Furthermore, 1C metabolism affects tumor cell fate through multiple aspects including nucleotide synthesis, redox homeostasis, and the interaction with gut microbiota. Given these roles, understanding and monitoring B vitamin levels and their metabolic pathways are essential for colorectal cancer prevention and management. This approach not only helps in reducing tumor-related mortality but also opens new avenues for research into CRC mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies.

Objective To compare the efficacy of MRI-transrectal ultrasound(TRUS)software fusion-guided biopsy and cognitive fusion-guided biopsy for detecting prostate cancer(PC).Methods Data of 120 patients with suspected PC(127 lesions)who underwent transperineal prostate biopsy with 2-3 times of target biopsy(TB)and 10 times of system biopsy were retrospectively analyzed.According to TB guidance methods,73 cases(78 lesions)received MRI-TRUS software fusion-guided biopsy were classified into group A,and 47 cases(49 lesions)received cognitive fusion-guided biopsy were classified into group B.The positive rate of PC,clinic significant PC(csPC)and PC in different sized lesions by TB were compared between groups,and the positive rate of PC between 2 or 3 times TB was also compared within each group.Results The positive rate of PC and csPC detected by TB was 55.13%(43/78)and 39.74%(31/78)in group A,53.06%(26/49)and 34.69%(17/49)in group B,respectively,no significant difference was found(all P＞0.05).The positive rate of PC in lesions with the maximum diameter≤10 mm detected by TB in group A was higher than that in group B(P＜0.05),but no significant difference of lesions with the maximum diameter＞10 mm and＜15 mm nor≥15 mm was found between groups(all P＞0.05).No significant difference of positive rate of PC was found between 2 and 3 times TB in group A(P＞0.05),while positive rate of PC of 3 times TB was significantly higher than that of 2 times TB in group B(P＜0.05).Conclusion MRI-TRUS software fusion-guided biopsy had positive rate of PC and csPC similar to that of cognitive fusion-guided biopsy,but was helpful for reducing times of TB and increasing detecting rate for lesions with the maximum diameter≤10 mm.

Objective To investigate the value of polar residual network(PResNet)model for assisting evaluation on rat myocardial infarction(MI)segment in myocardial contrast echocardiography(MCE).Methods Twenty-five male SD rats were randomly divided into MI group(n=15)and sham operation group(n=10).MI models were established in MI group through ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery using atraumatic suture,while no intervention was given to those in sham operation group after thoracotomy.MCE images of both basal and papillary muscle levels on the short axis section of left ventricles were acquired after 1 week,which were assessed independently by 2 junior and 2 senior ultrasound physicians.The evaluating efficacy of MI segment,the mean interpretation time and the consistency were compared whether under the assistance of PResNet model or not.Results No significant difference of efficacy of evaluation on MI segment was found for senior physicians with or without assistance of PResNet model(both P＞0.05).Under the assistance of PResNet model,the efficacy of junior physicians for diagnosing MI segment was significantly improved compared with that without the assistance of PResNet model(both P＜0.01),and was comparable to that of senior physicians.Under the assistance of PResNet model,the mean interpretation time of each physician was significantly shorter than that without assistance(all P＜0.001),and the consistency between junior physicians and among junior and senior physicians were both moderate(Kappa=0.692,0.542),which became better under the assistance(Kappa=0.763,0.749).Conclusion PResNet could improve the efficacy of junior physicians for evaluation on rat MI segment in MCE images,shorten interpretation time with different aptitudes,also improve the consistency to some extent.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of polydatin(PLD)on primary cultured rat cortical neurons induced by β-amyloid protein(Aβ25-35)and its possible mechanism.Methods Cortical neurons were isolated from SD rats and primarily cultured,and then divided into control group,PLD group,Aβ25-35 group and Aβ25-35+PLD group.Cell viability was detected by MTT as-say,intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels were detected by dichlo-rofluorescein diacetic acid probe or MitoSOX Red staining,opening of mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore(MPTP)was detected by MPTP kit,and contents of cytochrome C(Cyt C)and mitochondrial transcription factor A(TFAM)were detected by Western blotting.In addition,the activity of intracellular electron transport chain complexes(including complexes Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ)and the level of adenylate triphosphate(ATP)were determined.High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was conducted to determine the content of 8-hydroxydeox-yguanosine(8-OHdG)in the mitochondria.Results Compared with the control group,cell vitali-ty,mitochondrial fluorescence intensity,activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes(complex Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ),intracellular ATP and mitochondrial TFAM expression were signifi-cantly decreased in the cortical neuron from the Aβ25～35 group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Compared with the Aβ25-35 group,mitochondrial fluorescence intensity,mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme activity(complex Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ),intracellular ATP and mitochondrial TFAM expression were obviously increased in the PLD group,and intracellular and mitochondrial ROS levels were nota-bly decreased after cortical neuron exposure for 3,6,12 and 24 h(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The ratio of cytoplasmic/mitochondrial Cyt C and mitochondrial level of 8-OHdG were statistically lower in the Aβ25-35+PLD group than the Aβ25-35 group[3.02±0.28 vs 5.73±0.45,P＜0.05;(8.07±1.45)× 106 dG vs(16.07±2.29)X 106 dG,P＜0.05].Conclusion PLD can effectively protect cortical neu-rons against Aβ25-35-induced injury,which may be partially by its inhibiting mitochondrial oxida-tive stress and improving mitochondrial function.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and the influencing factors of prognosis.Methods:The clinical data of 76 elderly (≥60 years old) patients with DLBCL admitted to Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University between January 2015 and December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The R-CHOP regimen was the preferred treatment for 54 patients, while the remaining patients received R-miniCHOP, CHOP or other regimens or supportive treatments due to age, physical condition, economic factors, etc., which were not included in the efficacy analysis. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the survival status of patients. Multivariate Cox proportional risk model was used to analyze the prognostic factors.Results:Among the 54 patients who preferred R-CHOP regimen for treatment, 26 cases (48.1%) achieved complete remission and 14 cases (25.9%) achieved partial remission, and the total effective rate was 74.1% (40/54); Among them, the total effective rate of 37 cases aged 60-69 years was 70.3% (26/37), and the total effective rate of 17 cases aged 70-79 years was 82.4% (14/17); there was no statistically significant difference in the total effective rate between the two groups ( χ2 = 3.01, P = 0.390). All 76 patients were followed up for 1-60 months. As of the last follow-up, 49 patients (64.5%) died, with the median overall survival (OS) time of 16 months and 5-year OS rate of 35.5%. Kaplan-Meier method showed that age ≥ 70 years old at initial diagnosis, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score ≥ 2 points, presence of B symptoms, international prognosis index (IPI) score >3 points, elevated lactate dehydrogenase, immunohistochemistry positive for bcl-2, and non-germinal center type were associated with poor OS (all P < 0.05). Multivariate Cox analysis showed that age ≥ 70 years old at initial diagnosis, presence of B symptoms, positive expression of bcl-2, non-germinal center type were independent risk factors for OS (all P < 0.05). Conclusions:Elderly DLBCL patients have poor survival. Old age at initial diagnosis, B symptoms, bcl-2 positive, and non-germinal center type are independent risk factors of prognosis.

Objective: To explore the association between light intensity physical activity (LPA) and sedentary behavior (SB) with body composition, so as to provide data references for improving adolescent physical health. Methods: From August 2020 to January 2021, general information of 694 students in grade one of a high school in Foshan City was collected, and the 24 hour activity behavior and body composition of the students were measured objectively by triaxial accelerometer and bioelectrical impedance tester. Dual component multivariate regression and dual compositional isotemporal substitution model were used to explore the relationship between LPA and SB and body composition. Results: LPA was associated with lower fat relative dominance (FRD) (male weekends FRD=-21.44%, female weekly FRD=-17.83%, weekdays FRD=-18.27%, P <0.05), and LPA was also associated with higher muscle relative dominance (MRD) and bone relative dominance (BRD) (male weekends MRD=12.78%, BRD= 12.87 %; female weekly MRD=11.64%, BRD=9.01%; female weekdays MRD=12.02%, BRD=9.23%, P <0.05). Replacing sedentary behavior (SB) with 10 minutes of LPA could reduce fat proportion [male:weekly -0.15(-0.26--0.04), weekdays -0.12 (-0.22--0.02); female:weekly -0.18(-0.27--0.08), weekdays -0.16(-0.25--0.07)) and increase muscle proportion (male:weekly 0.14(0.03-0.24), weekdays 0.11(0.02-0.21); female:weekly 0.17(0.07-0.26), weekdays 0.15(0.07-0.24)]. Conclusion Interrupting continuous SB with LPA can serve as an intervention measure to promote physical health and fitness in adolescents. School should encourage students to engage in frequent LPA during breaks and after school activities, while avoiding prolonged SB.