Circadian rhythm is an endogenous biological clock mechanism that enables organisms to adapt to the earth’s alternation of day and night. It plays a fundamental role in regulating physiological functions and behavioral patterns, such as sleep, feeding, hormone levels and body temperature. By aligning these processes with environmental changes, circadian rhythm plays a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis and promoting optimal health. However, modern lifestyles, characterized by irregular work schedules and pervasive exposure to artificial light, have disrupted these rhythms for many individuals. Such disruptions have been linked to a variety of health problems, including sleep disorders, metabolic syndromes, cardiovascular diseases, and immune dysfunction, underscoring the critical role of circadian rhythm in human health. Among the numerous systems influenced by circadian rhythm, the skin—a multifunctional organ and the largest by surface area—is particularly noteworthy. As the body’s first line of defense against environmental insults such as UV radiation, pollutants, and pathogens, the skin is highly affected by changes in circadian rhythm. Circadian rhythm regulates multiple skin-related processes, including cyclic changes in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, as well as DNA repair mechanisms and antioxidant defenses. For instance, studies have shown that keratinocyte proliferation peaks during the night, coinciding with reduced environmental stress, while DNA repair mechanisms are most active during the day to counteract UV-induced damage. This temporal coordination highlights the critical role of circadian rhythms in preserving skin integrity and function. Beyond maintaining homeostasis, circadian rhythm is also pivotal in the skin’s repair and regeneration processes following injury. Skin regeneration is a complex, multi-stage process involving hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling, all of which are influenced by circadian regulation. Key cellular activities, such as fibroblast migration, keratinocyte activation, and extracellular matrix remodeling, are modulated by the circadian clock, ensuring that repair processes occur with optimal efficiency. Additionally, circadian rhythm regulates the secretion of cytokines and growth factors, which are critical for coordinating cellular communication and orchestrating tissue regeneration. Disruptions to these rhythms can impair the repair process, leading to delayed wound healing, increased scarring, or chronic inflammatory conditions. The aim of this review is to synthesize recent information on the interactions between circadian rhythms and skin physiology, with a particular focus on skin tissue repair and regeneration. Molecular mechanisms of circadian regulation in skin cells, including the role of core clock genes such as Clock, Bmal1, Per and Cry. These genes control the expression of downstream effectors involved in cell cycle regulation, DNA repair, oxidative stress response and inflammatory pathways. By understanding how these mechanisms operate in healthy and diseased states, we can discover new insights into the temporal dynamics of skin regeneration. In addition, by exploring the therapeutic potential of circadian biology in enhancing skin repair and regeneration, strategies such as topical medications that can be applied in a time-limited manner, phototherapy that is synchronized with circadian rhythms, and pharmacological modulation of clock genes are expected to optimize clinical outcomes. Interventions based on the skin’s natural rhythms can provide a personalized and efficient approach to promote skin regeneration and recovery. This review not only introduces the important role of circadian rhythms in skin biology, but also provides a new idea for future innovative therapies and regenerative medicine based on circadian rhythms.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Yiqi tongmai formula on atherosclerosis （AS） in ApoE－/－ mice and its mechanism. METHODS Forty ApoE－/－ mice were randomly divided into model group， positive control group [atorvastatin calcium， 2.6 mg/（kg·d）]， and low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups of Yiqi tongmai formula [0.46， 0.91， 1.82 g/（kg·d）， by raw material]， with 8 mice in each group. Eight C57BL/6J mice were selected as the normal group. Except for the normal group， the other groups were given a high-lipid diet and relevant drug or normal saline intragastrically， once a day， for 12 consecutive weeks. After the last medication， the serum levels of total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） as well as the contents of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 （MCP-1） were measured in mice. The proportion of aortic plaque area in each group of mice was detected and calculated， and the pathological morphological changes of the aortic sinus were observed； the protein phosphorylation levels of aortic phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K）， protein kinase B （aka Akt） and mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） were examined. RESULTS Compared with the model group， the serum levels of TC， TG and LDL-C and the contents of TNF-α， IL-1β and MCP-1 （including low-dose group） were decreased significantly in medium-dose and high-dose groups of Yiqi tongmai formula， while the content of HDL-C in high-dose group was increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； aortic plaques of the mice were reduced in Yiqi tongmai formula groups to different extents， and pathological changes such as lipid deposition and inflammatory cell infiltration were relieved to different extents； the proportion of aortic plaque area， the protein phosphorylation levels of PI3K， Akt and mTOR in aortic tissue were significantly reduced in medium-dose and high-dose groups of Yiqi tongmai formula （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS Yiqi tongmai formula can improve lipid metabolism， reduce inflammatory response， and delay plaque development in AS mice. Its effect may be related to the inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway activation.

Objectives To explore the trend characteristics of foodborne diseases in Jinan City and apply the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model (SARIMA) for prediction. Methods The incidence data of foodborne diseases from two active monitoring sentinel hospitals in Jinan City from 2014 to 2020 were collected to establish a time series. The SARIMA model was used to fit the incidence situation. The numbers of cases in 2021 were compared with the predicted values to validate the model and evaluate the predictive effect. Results The SARIMA (2, 0, 1) (0, 1, 1)₁₂ model was established and fitted the time series of food borne diseases in Jinan well, with AIC=687.22. Using Ljung Box function, P=0.499 was obtained, indicating that the residual error belonged to the white noise series. The data in 2021 was used to test the model extrapolation effect, and the actual values fell within the 95% confidence interval of the predicted value. The model prediction effect was relatively ideal. Conclusion SARIMA (2, 0, 1) (0, 1, 1)₁₂ model can better fit the temporal change of foodborne diseases, and therefore can be used to fit and predict the monthly incidence of foodborne diseases.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of neferine（Nef） in promoting vascular regeneration against cerebral ischemia through modulation of mitochondrial calcium uniporter（MCU） ion channel. MethodTaking the area of subintestinal vessels in microvascular deficiency zebrafish as an index， the vascular regenerative efficacy of Nef was evaluated， and the median effective concentration（EC₅₀） was calculated. Rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group， a model group， a positive drug group（butylphthalide， 6 mg·kg^-1）， and Nef low， medium， and high dose groups（0.125， 0.625， 3.125 μg·kg^-1）. Except for the sham operation group， the middle cerebral artery occlusion（MCAO） model was established in other groups. After modeling， the groups were administered the corresponding dose of drugs by gavage， while the sham operation and model groups received equal volumes of saline， once a day for 7 consecutive days. Neurobehavioral scores were assessed for each group of rats， and the infarct rate of ischemic brain tissue was calculated by 2，3，5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride（TTC） staining. The regional cerebral blood flow（rCBF） of each group was measured using a speckle contrast imaging. Immunofluorescence and Western blot were conducted to detect the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF）， platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1（CD31）， and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α（HIF-1α） proteins in each group. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells（HUVECs） were divided into the normal group， model group， positive drug group（astragaloside Ⅳ， 10 μmol·L^-1）， and Nef group （32 nmol·L^-1）. In the verification of mitochondrial protection of Nef and its mechanism in promoting vascular regeneration， the spermine（MCU agonist） and Nef+spermine group were added. HUVECs model of oxygen-glucose deprivation（OGD） was established in all groups except the normal group， the cell viability was assessed using 3-（4，5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2，5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide（MTT） assay， and cell migration ability was evaluated through scratch and tube formation assays. Fluorescent probes（Rhod-2 AM， Fluo-3 AM， JC-1， Calcein AM） and a cellular energy metabolism analyzer were used to analyze the mitochondrial protective effects of Nef. Molecular docking was performed to predict the binding ability of Nef with MCU and HIF-1α， and Western blot was used to detect the effects of Nef on the protein expressions of MCU， B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X protein（Bax）， Caspase-3 and HIF-1α in the OGD model HUVECs. ResultThe results of vascular regeneration in microvascular deficiency zebrafish showed that compared to the normal group， the area of subintestinal vessels in the model group significantly decreased（P<0.01）. Compared to the model group， different concentrations of Nef could significantly increase the area of subintestinal vessels（P<0.01）， with the maximum tolerated concentration of 10.24 μmol·L^-1 and the EC₅₀ of 0.23 μmol·L^-1. Anti-cerebral ischemia results on MCAO rats showed that compared to the sham operation group， the model group had a significant decrease in rCBF and a significant increase in infarct rate， while CD31 expression significantly decreased（P<0.01）， and VEGF and HIF-1α protein expressions significantly increased（P<0.05）. Compared to the model group， the treated groups showed significant increases in rCBF， significant reductions in infarct volume， and significant increases in CD31， VEGF， and HIF-1α protein expression（P<0.01）. Cell experiment results showed that compared to the normal group， the model group had decreased cell viability and migration ability， increased intracellular Ca²⁺ and mitochondrial Ca²⁺ levels， reduced mitochondrial permeability transition pore（MPTP） opening， and decreased mitochondrial energy metabolism capability， with increased expressions of MCU， Bax， Caspase-3 and HIF-1α proteins（P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared to the model group， the Nef group showed increased cell viability and migration ability， decreased intracellular Ca²⁺ and mitochondrial Ca²⁺ levels， increased MPTP opening， enhanced mitochondrial energy metabolism capability， decreased expressions of MCU， Bax and Caspase-3 proteins， and increased HIF-1α protein expression（P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionNef can stabilize mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibit mitochondrial apoptosis. By down-regulating the expression of MCU， it suppresses the activation of intracellular Bax and Caspase-3 while activating the HIF-1α signaling pathway， enhancing the expression of VEGF and CD31， thereby promoting vascular regeneration to treat ischemic brain injury.

Objective To investigate the value of serum cell cycle protein-dependent kinase 1(CDK1)and aurora kinase A(AURKA)in the diagnosis of patients with hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma(HBV-HCC).Methods A total of 50 HBV-HCC patients,50 patients with hepatitis B virus-related liver cirrhosis(HBV-LC),and 50 chronic hepatitis B(CHB)patients who were hospitalized in Department of Gastroenterology,Gansu Provincial Hospital,from June 2022 to December 2023 were enrolled,and 50 healthy individuals,matched for age and sex,who received physical examination at Physical Examination Center during the same period of time were enrolled as control group.Related data were recorded for all patients,including age,sex,complications,and the results of routine blood test,liver function,and coagulation for the first time after admission.ELISA was used to measure the serum levels of CDK1 and AURKA.A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups,and the least significant difference t-test was used for further comparison between two groups;the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups and the least significant difference Bonferroni test was used for further comparison between two groups;the chi-square test or the Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups.The Spearman correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between CDK1 and AURKA,and the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and the area under the ROC curve(AUC)were used to investigate the value of CDK1 and AURKA in the diagnosis of HBV-HCC.Results There were significant differences in liver function parameters between the HBV-HCC patients and the control group(all P<0.05);there were significant differences between the CHB group and the HBV-HCC group in albumin,Glb,direct bilirubin,aspartate aminotransferase(AST),gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase(GGT),and alkaline phosphatase(all P<0.05);there were significant differences between the HBV-LC group and the HBV-HCC group in Glb,AST,and GGT(all P<0.05).The HBV-HCC group had significantly higher serum levels of CDK1 and AURKA than the HBV-LC group,the CHB group,and the control group(all P<0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between CDK1 and AURKA in the overall study population and the HBV-HCC patients(r=0.526 6 and 0.815 2,P<0.001).With the control group as reference,CDK1 had an AUC of 0.832 3 in the diagnosis of HBV-HCC,with a sensitivity of 92.86%and a specificity of 75%,and AURKA had an AUC of 0.886 6 in the diagnosis of HCC,with a sensitivity of 95.80%and a specificity of 74%.With the CHB group as reference,CDK1 had an AUC of 0.833 3 in the diagnosis of HBV-HCC,with a sensitivity of 93.75%and a specificity of 75%,and AURKA had an AUC of 0.972 7 in the diagnosis of HBV-HCC,with a sensitivity of 95.83%and a specificity of 91.67%.With the HBV-LC group as reference,CDK1 had an AUC of 0.608 5 in the diagnosis of HBV-HCC,with a sensitivity of 66.67%and a specificity of 54.17%,and AURKA had an AUC of 0.762 2 in the diagnosis of HBV-HCC,with a sensitivity of 95.83%and a specificity of 47.92%.Conclusion The serum levels of CDK1 and AURKA increase with the progression of hepatitis B-associated chronic liver disease,and significant increases in serum CDK1 and AURKA have a certain value in the diagnosis of HBV-HCC.

There has been a growing amount of evidence that a balanced blood component transfusion with roughly equal ratio of units of packed red blood cells,fresh frozen plasma,and platelets leads to better outcomes in massive transfusion re-suscitation of trauma victims.Therefore,the great interest of massive transfusion protocol(MTP)with whole blood was a-roused.Low titer group O whole blood(LTOWB)is implemented in routine use for civilian prehospital ambulance services in large trauma centers of most European and American countries nowadays.There is a growing body of evidence to date to support that early use of LTOWB in patients with life-threatening bleeding improve their survival.In view of the current situ-ation of whole blood supply in our country,most trauma resuscitation guidelines still recommend balanced component trans-fusion for MTPs in the early stage of resuscitation.The research and application of LTOWB abroad will be introduced in this article.

Objective To correctly identify the blood group of ABO and study its molecular biological characteristics.Methods Blood samples from blood donors with discrepancies in forward and reverse typing using the microplate method were subjected to both saline tube agglutination test for serological identification and polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers(PCR-SSP)for genotyping.Additionally,direct sequencing of exons 1 to 7 of the ABO gene was performed on some donor samples to analyze their blood phenotype,genotype and gene sequence.Results For 256 samples showing discrepancy between forward and reverse typing in microwell method,119 were identified as normal ABO blood types,90 were weakened ABO antibodies and 47 were ABO subtypes by serology tube test.According to the PCR-SSP genotyping test,233 of 256(91.02%)were consistent with serological phenotype and genotype,17 of 256(6.64%)were inconsistent,and 6 samples can′t read genotype based on the kit result typing table.A total of 17 genotypes were identified in 250 samples as AO1 in 56,AO2 in 58,AA in 50,BO1 in 31,BO2 in 17,BB in 8,O1O1 in 2,O1O2 in 7,AB in 13,AO4 in 1,A205O2 in 1,A205A in 1,A201A in 1,O1O4 in 1,O2O2 in 1,A201B in 1 and A205B in 1.Sequencing of exons 1 to 7 of the ABO gene was carried out in 78 samples,and 29 ABO alleles were detected,seven of which were common alleles(?A101,?A102,?A104,?B101,?O01,?O02,?O04),22 of which were rare alleles(?A201,?A205,?Ax01,?Ax03,?Ax13,?Ax19,?Ax22,?Ael10,?B305,?Bel03,?Bel06/?Bx02,?Bw07,?Bw12,?Bw17,?Bw37,?O05,?O26,?O61,?B(A)04,?B(A)07,?cisAB01 and ?cisAB01var).In addition,six rare allele mutation sites were identified(c.101A＞G;c.103_106delG;c.146_147insGC;c.259G＞T;c.322C＞T;c.932T＞C).Conclusion The identification of ambiguous ABO blood group requires the combination of serological testing and molecular biological examination to correctly identify the blood type and ensure the safety of clinical blood transfusion.

Objective:To explore the cause of inconsistency between the results of trisomy 7 by expanded non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT-PLUS) and trisomy 18 by prenatal diagnosis.Methods:A pregnant woman who received genetic counseling at Jiaozuo Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital on July 5, 2020 was selected as the study subject. NIPT-PLUS, systematic ultrasound and interventional prenatal testing were carried out. The middle segment and root of umbilical cord, center and edge of the maternal and fatal surface of the placenta were sampled for the validation by copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq).Results:The result of NIPT-PLUS indicated that the fetus has trisomy 7. Systematic ultrasound has shown multiple malformations including atrioventricular septal defect, horseshoe kidney, and rocker-bottom feet. However, QF-PCR, chromosomal karyotyping analysis, and CNV-seq of amniotic fluid samples all showed that the fetus was trisomy 18. Validation using multiple placental samples confirmed that the middle segment of the umbilical cord contains trisomy 18, the center of the placenta contained trisomy 7, and other placental sites were mosaicism for trisomy 7 and trisomy 18. Notably, the ratio of trisomy 18 became lower further away from the umbilical cord.Conclusion:The false positive results of trisomy 7 and false negative trisomy 18 by NIPT-PLUS was probably due to the existence of placental mosaicism. Strict prenatal diagnosis is required needed aneuploidy is detected by NIPT-PLUS to exclude the influence of placental mosaicisms.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Yiqi Tongxin formula （YQTM） on liver inflammation in apolipoprotein E^-∕- （ApoE^-∕-） mice by regulating the nuclear transcription factor-κB （NF-κB）/NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3） signaling pathway. MethodForty ApoE^-∕- mice were randomly divided into a model group， an atorvastatin group （positive drug group）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose YQTM groups （0.39， 0.78， 1.56 g·kg^-1）. Each drug administration group was given the corresponding concentration of the drug by gavage on the basis of high-fat feeding for 12 consecutive weeks. Eight C57BL/6J mice were used as a blank group and fed with normal chow. After 12 weeks， oil red O staining and Masson staining were used to observe the aortic lesions in mice and to determine whether the modeling was successful. Oil red O staining was used to observe the lipidosis in the livers of mice. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the tissue lesions in the livers of mice. Masson staining was used to observe the distribution of collagen fibers in the livers of mice. Enzyme markers were used to detect the total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， low-density lipoprotein （LDL-C）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， and alanine aminotransferase （ALT） in mouse serum， as well as total cholesterol （TC） and triglyceride （TG） in the liver. Interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and IL-18 were detected in mouse liver by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was utilized to observe the expression regions of NF-κB and NLRP3 in the livers of mice. Western blot was employed to detect the protein expression levels of NF-κB， NF-κB inhibitory protein （IκB）， IκB kinase β （IKKβ）， phosphorylated NF-κB （p-NF-κB）， phosphorylated IκB （p-IκB）， phosphorylated IKK β （p-IKKβ）， NLRP3， and Caspase-1 in the livers of mice. ResultCompared with the blank group， the model group showed severe aortic lipidosis， and the intracellular fat droplets in the livers aggregated in large quantities. The cytoplasm was filled with fat vacuoles（P<0.01）. The serum levels of TG， TC， LDL-C， AST， and ALT were significantly elevated in the mice（P<0.01）. TG and TC levels were elevated in the liver（P<0.01）. The levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in liver tissue， as well as the protein expression levels of NF-κB， IκB， IKKβ， p-NF-κB， p-IκB， p-IKKβ， NLRP3， and Caspase-1 in the liver were significantly elevated（P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the aortic arch plaques of mice in each YQTM group were attenuated， and the fat aggregation in the liver was reduced. The inflammatory cell infiltration was alleviated（P<0.05，P<0.01）. The serum levels of TG， TC， LDL-C， AST， and ALT were significantly reduced（P<0.05，P<0.01）. TG and TC levels in the liver were reduced. The IL-1β and IL-18 levels in liver tissue， as well as protein expression levels of NF-κB， IκB， IKKβ， p-NF-κB， p-IκB， p-IKKβ， NLRP3， and Caspase-1 in the liver were significantly reduced（P<0.05，P<0.01）. ConclusionThe intervention mechanism of YQTM on liver inflammation in ApoE^-∕- mice may be related to the down-regulation of the NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.

Hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） is a common tumor in the digestive tract， the formation mechanism of which remains to be fully elucidated. Although surgery， radiation， chemotherapy， targeted therapy， and immunotherapy have achieved significant results in the treatment of HCC， these methods are accompanied by a considerable number of adverse reactions and complications. In recent years， Chinese medicine has shown remarkable efficacy in the treatment of HCC， and both basic experiments and clinical studies have confirmed the effectiveness of Chinese medicine， which exerts therapeutic effects via multiple components and multiple targets. However， the pathogenesis of HCC is exceptionally complex and not fully understood， which means that studies remain to be carried out regarding the specific mechanism of Chinese medicine in preventing and treating HCC. Network pharmacology and molecular biology can be employed to decipher the mechanism of Chinese medicine in the treatment of diseases. Studies have shown that Chinese medicine can regulate various pathways such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt）， Hedgehog， Wnt/β-catenin， nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）， Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （JAK2/STAT3）， and transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β）/Smad signaling pathways. Chinese medicine can exhibit its anti-HCC effects by inducing cell apoptosis， inhibiting cell proliferation and migration， and blocking the cell cycle via the above pathways. However， the specific mechanisms remain to be systematically studied. This study comprehensively reviews the regulatory effects of Chinese medicine on HCC-related signaling pathways to reveal the molecular mechanisms of Chinese medicine in the treatment of HCC. This view holds the promise of providing new targets， new perspectives， and new therapies for HCC treatment and advancing the modernization and development of Chinese medicine.