Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and epidemic situation of children with Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) in China,and provide the basis for formulating prevention and control measures. Methods Fixed-point monitoring,moving-point monitoring,and full coverage of monitoring were promoted successively from 1990 to 2023. Some children (7-12 years old) underwent clinical and right-hand X-ray examinations every year. According to the KBD diagnosis criteria,clinical and X-ray assessments were used to confirm the diagnosis. Results In 1990,the national KBD detectable rate was 21.01％. X-ray detection decreased to below 10％ in 2003 and below 5％ in 2007. Between 2010 and 2018,the prevalence of KBD in children was less than 0.4％,which fluctuated at a low level,and has decreased to 0％ since 2019. Spatial epidemiological analysis indicated a spatial clustering of adult patients prevalence rate in the KBD areas. Conclusion The evaluation results of the elimination of KBD in China over the last 5 years showed that all villages in the monitored areas have reached the elimination standard. While the adult KBD patients still need for policy consideration and care.

Objective To investigate the effects of monocyte chemotactic protein-4(MCP-4)on pyroptosis and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38 MAPK)activation in human nasal epithelial cells(HNEpCs).Methods Forty patients diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS)were selected as the case group,and another 40 healthy individuals were selected as the normal group.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the levels of MCP-4 in serum samples from both groups.Receiver operator characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic efficacy of serum MCP-4 levels for CRS.HNEpCs were divided into six groups:control group,5 mg/L lipopolysaccharide(LPS)model group,LPS+siRNA negative control(si-Con)group,LPS+siRNA MCP-4(si-MCP-4)group,LPS+pcDNA3.1-vector group,and LPS+pcDNA3.1-MCP-4 group.Cell viability was assessed using the cell counting kit-8(CCK-8),and cell proliferation activity was detected by 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine(EdU)staining.Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of phosphorylated p38 MAPK(p-p38 MAPK),Gasdermin D(GSDMD),NOD-like receptor family,pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3),apoptosis-associated speck-like protein(ASC),and caspase-1.ELISA was performed to measure the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-18(IL-18),and IL-1β in cell supernatants.The Transwell chamber was utilized to assess the effects of MCP-4 on the migratory capacity of HNEpCs.HNEpCs were divided into four groups:control group,10 ng/ml MCP-4 group,and 20 ng/ml MCP-4 group.Results Compared with the normal group,the level of MCP-4 in the serum of patients in the case group was significantly upregulated.ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve(AUC)for serum MCP-4 levels in the diagnosis of CRS was 0.921.In vitro experiments demonstrated that LPS stimulation reduced the survival rate and proliferation ability of HNEpCs,increased the expression of pyroptosis proteins,and upregulated p-p38 MAPK levels,and increased the release of TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-18(P<0.01).Compared with the LPS model group,the LPS+si-MCP-4 group showed increased survival rate and proliferation ability of HNEpCs,decreased expression levels of p-p38 MAPK,pyroptosis proteins and reduced levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-18(P<0.01).In contrast,compared with the LPS model group,the LPS+pcDNA3.1-MCP-4 group exhibited further decreased survival rate and proliferation ability of HNEpCs,increased expression levels of p-p38 MAPK,pyroptosis proteins,and elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-18(P<0.01).Compared with the control group,there was no significant increase in the migration ability of HNEpCs in the 10 ng/mL MCP-4 and 20 ng/ml MCP-4 groups.Conclusion Inhibiting the expression of MCP-4 can block the activation of p38 MAPK,reducing pyroptosis and the release of inflammatory cytokines in HNEpCs.

Objective To investigate the effects of monocyte chemotactic protein-4(MCP-4)on pyroptosis and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38 MAPK)activation in human nasal epithelial cells(HNEpCs).Methods Forty patients diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS)were selected as the case group,and another 40 healthy individuals were selected as the normal group.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the levels of MCP-4 in serum samples from both groups.Receiver operator characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic efficacy of serum MCP-4 levels for CRS.HNEpCs were divided into six groups:control group,5 mg/L lipopolysaccharide(LPS)model group,LPS+siRNA negative control(si-Con)group,LPS+siRNA MCP-4(si-MCP-4)group,LPS+pcDNA3.1-vector group,and LPS+pcDNA3.1-MCP-4 group.Cell viability was assessed using the cell counting kit-8(CCK-8),and cell proliferation activity was detected by 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine(EdU)staining.Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of phosphorylated p38 MAPK(p-p38 MAPK),Gasdermin D(GSDMD),NOD-like receptor family,pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3),apoptosis-associated speck-like protein(ASC),and caspase-1.ELISA was performed to measure the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-18(IL-18),and IL-1β in cell supernatants.The Transwell chamber was utilized to assess the effects of MCP-4 on the migratory capacity of HNEpCs.HNEpCs were divided into four groups:control group,10 ng/ml MCP-4 group,and 20 ng/ml MCP-4 group.Results Compared with the normal group,the level of MCP-4 in the serum of patients in the case group was significantly upregulated.ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve(AUC)for serum MCP-4 levels in the diagnosis of CRS was 0.921.In vitro experiments demonstrated that LPS stimulation reduced the survival rate and proliferation ability of HNEpCs,increased the expression of pyroptosis proteins,and upregulated p-p38 MAPK levels,and increased the release of TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-18(P<0.01).Compared with the LPS model group,the LPS+si-MCP-4 group showed increased survival rate and proliferation ability of HNEpCs,decreased expression levels of p-p38 MAPK,pyroptosis proteins and reduced levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-18(P<0.01).In contrast,compared with the LPS model group,the LPS+pcDNA3.1-MCP-4 group exhibited further decreased survival rate and proliferation ability of HNEpCs,increased expression levels of p-p38 MAPK,pyroptosis proteins,and elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-18(P<0.01).Compared with the control group,there was no significant increase in the migration ability of HNEpCs in the 10 ng/mL MCP-4 and 20 ng/ml MCP-4 groups.Conclusion Inhibiting the expression of MCP-4 can block the activation of p38 MAPK,reducing pyroptosis and the release of inflammatory cytokines in HNEpCs.

Objective:To analyze the molecular mechanism of Zhenqi Fuzheng Capsules in the adjuvant treatment of AIDS by network pharmacology method and molecular docking technology.Methods:The active components and targets of Zhenqi Fuzheng Capsules were obtained through TCMSP, and the AIDS-related targets were obtained through GeneCards, OMIM and DrugBank databases. The intersection target PPI network was constructed through STRING 11.5 database, and Cytoscape 3.9.1 software was used for network topology analysis; Metascape database was used for GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of core targets; Cytoscape 3.9.1 was used to construct Zhenqi Fuzheng Capsules component-target-pathway network; Autodock Tools software was used to carry out molecular docking of core targets and active components.Results:Totally 31 active components and 180 targets of Zhenqi Fuzheng Capsules were screened out. TNF, IL6, AKT1, IL1B, TP53, VEGFA, RELA, EGFR and CASP3 were identified as the core targets. GO functional enrichment analysis obtained 1 436 biological processes, 53 cellular components, and 117 molecular functions. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis obtained 167 pathways, which were related to pathways in cancer, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, and IL-17 signaling pathway was closely related. Molecular docking results showed that core targets such as AKT1 and TNF had good binding activity to quercetin, kaempferol, and luteolin.Conclusion:The main active components of Zhenqi Fuzheng Capsules in the adjuvant treatment of AIDS are quercetin, kaempferol and luteolin, which may treat AIDS through the IL-17 signaling pathway.

Objective:To investigate the dynamic prevalence of Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) in 2020, and to provide the basis for assessment of KBD control and elimination.Methods:According to the "Kashin-Beck Disease Monitoring Plan (2019 Edition)", collection of basic information of endemic areas and children KBD examination were executed in all endemic areas from every endemic county (city, district, banner) of 13 endemic provinces. All children aged 7 - 12 years in endemic areas underwent clinical examination, X-ray examination was performed for clinically positive children. According to the criteria of "Diagnosis of Kashin-Beck Disease" (WS/T 207-2010), KBD cases were diagnosed by both clinical examination and X-ray check.Results:In monitoring of 827 986 children of 7 - 12 years old, a total of 703 children with similar clinical signs of KBD were suspected positive cases. X-ray results showed that 703 children were normal, with no X-ray positive change, they were not children KBD cases.Conclusions:In 2020, no cases of Kashin-Beck disease are detected in children nationwide, and the condition of Kashin-Beck disease in children nationwide continues to be at a level of elimination.

Atherosclerosis (AS) is one of the pathological bases of ischemic stroke. AS caused by elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels is the main causative factor. However, recent studies have found that the traditional blood lipid indicators can not fully reflect the risk of stroke in high-risk populations. Non-traditional blood lipid parameters are developed from traditional blood lipid parameters, including remnant cholesterol (RC), non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol and a variety of blood lipid ratios, which may play a role in the prevention and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases. Among them, RC is increasingly recognized as a biomarker driving the residual risk of AS. It has been confirmed that RC is closely associated with the risk of cerebrovascular disease in the primary and secondary prevention studies of stroke.

Post-stroke fatigue is one of the common symptoms of stroke patients. Continuous fatigue will affect the rehabilitation of patients' limb functions, lead to the decline of daily living ability, and at the same time, make patients lack energy, lose the initiative of rehabilitation exercise, and seriously affect the quality of life and social function. This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, evaluation scales, influencing factors, pathophysiological mechanism and treatment of post-stroke fatigue.

【Objective】 To evaluate the suitability of current quality standard for end-stage hemolytic rate required by Quality Requirements for Whole Blood and Blood Components in Taiyuan through a 5- year retrospective analysis of leukocyte-reduced RBCs in additive solution in Taiyuan Blood Center. 【Methods】 A total of 240 packs of leukocyte-reduced RBCs in additive solution were collected from January 2007 to December 2021. Hb concentration, hematocrit(Hct) and free Hb in supernatant at end-stage were detected to measure the hemolytic rate. And the hemolytic rate was then compared with the current standard(0.8%) to analyze whether statistical differences existed. 【Results】 The hemolytic rate of leukocyte-reduced RBCs in additive solution were 0.109±0.123 in 2017, 0.113±0.085 in 2018, 0.121±0.076 in 2019, 0.101±0.057 in 2020, and 0.128±0.089 in 2021, with no significant difference among each other (P>0.05). And 97.5% of the products showed an end-stage hemolytic rate below 0.4%, 0.83% among 0.6%~0.7%, and none over the standard of 0.8%. 【Conclusion】 The current national standard for end-stage hemolytic rate of leukocyte-reduced RBCs in additive solution might not be suitable for blood quality control in Taiyuan, and a much stricter criteria should be considered.

Objective:To analyze and study the difficulties and countermeasures in the implementation of the Qualified Person(QP) system for stem cell clinical research, and share the experience of QP management practice in our hospital in order to promote and improve the construction of the QP management system in medical institutions.Methods:Comprehensive investigations were conducted to summarize and analyze the shortage of talents, unclear qualifications, unclear responsibilities, and lack of assessment standards in the QP system of medical institutions.Results:In view of the difficulties in the implementation of the current QP system, it is suggested to consider a combination of improving the system of laws and regulations, strengthening the top-level design of stem cell research institutions, clarifying the qualification threshold, refining QP responsibilities, continuing training and assessment system, establishing QP support system, etc.Conclusions:Medical institutions are responsible for stem cell clinical research, and the improvement of the QP system can promote the development of the cell industry in China.

Objective:To master the status of Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) in 2019, to provide the basis for assessment of KBD control and elimination.Methods:Data of endemic areas basic information collection and children KBD examination were executed in all endemic villages from every endemic county (city, district, banner) of 13 endemic provinces. All children aged 7 - 12 years in endemic villages underwent clinical examination, and X-ray examination was performed for clinically positive children. When both the clinical examination and X-ray reexamination were positive, the diagnosis was KBD.Results:In monitoring of 823 365 7 - 12 years old children, a total of 3 057 children with similar clinical signs of KBD were suspected positive cases. The results of X-ray reexamination showed that the X-ray manifestations of 3 057 children were normal, and no X-ray positive changes were found, that is, there was no case of KBD in children. A total of 16 559 endemic villages in 13 endemic provinces were monitored, and all reached the criteria for KBD elimination. Surveillance of all endemic villages was completed except Tibet Autonomous Region, the KBD elimination rates of endemic villages were 100.00% in 12 endemic provinces and 99.01% (16 559/16 725) in all 13 endemic provinces.Conclusions:No children KBD case is detected in 2019, children KBD stays at its eliminating level throughout the country. And 100.00% endemic villages meet the criteria for KBD elimination in the remaining 12 endemic provinces except Tibet Autonomous Region.