Objective To investigate the clinical value of serum mast cell carboxypeptidase(MC-CP),C-C motif chemokine 26(CCL26),and decoy receptor 3(DcR3)in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS)in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods Ninety COPD patients who visited the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from January 2021 to January 2023 were collected.Among them,48 patients with simple COPD were included in the COPD group,and 42 patients with COPD combined with OSAS were included in the COPD-OSAS group.During the same period,48 healthy volunteers who underwent physical examination in that Hospital of Hebei North collected as the control group.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was applied to detect serum level of MC-CP,CCL26,and DcR3.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was applied to analyze the clinical value of serum level of MC-CP,CCL26,and DcR3 in the diag-nosis of COPD complicated with OSAS.Multivariate Logistic regression was applied to analyze the influencing fac-tors of COPD complicated with OSAS.Results Compared with the control group,the smoking index,C-reactive protein(CRP)and white blood cell count(WBC)in the COPD and COPD-OSAS groups increased obviously in sequence,the ratio of forced expiratory volume in first second to forced vital capacity(FEV1/FVC)decreased obviously in sequence(P<0.05);Compared with the control group,the level of MC-CP,CCL26,and DcR3 in patients with COPD and COPD-OSAS increased significantly in sequence(P<0.05);The combination of serum MC-CP,CCL26 and DcR3 had a higher area under the curve(AUC)for the diagnosis of COPD complicated with OSAS compared to the individual diagnosis(Z=4.066,P<0.001;Z=2.391,P<0.05;Z=2.353,P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that smoking index,serum level of MC-CP,CCL26 and DcR3 were influencing factors for COPD complicated with OSAS(P<0.05).Conclusions The simultane-ously increased expression of MC-CP,CCL26 and DcR3 in the serum of COPD may support clinical diagnostic of COPD patients with OSAS.

Objective To review the application of user profiles in the health management of elderly patients with chronic diseases,and to provide references for nursing staff to apply this technology to manage chronic diseases in the elderly.Methods According to the scoping review methodology,a systematic search was conducted across 9 databases including Wanfang Database,CNKI,VIP,Chinese Biomedical Abstracted Database,PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,CINAHL and Cochrane Library.The search time was from the establishment of the database to January 2024.The literature was screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and the information in the literature was independently extracted and summarized by 2 researchers.Results A total of 10 pieces of the literature were included in the study.The results showed that the process of constructing user profiles mainly includes data collection,user feature extraction,and profiles generation and visualization.User profiles are widely used in the health management of chronic diseases in the elderly,commonly used in the management of diabetes,heart failure and other chronic diseases in the elderly,including the formulation of personalised intervention plans,the provision of personalised health education and information,and the adjustment of health management strategies.User profiles significantly enhanced the accuracy of health information delivery and health services,improved user experience,enhanced patients'self-management ability and quality of life.Conclusion As an emerging health information integration tool,user profiles can merge and analyze multidimensional health data to provide personalized and precise health management for elderly patients with chronic diseases.This approach enhances remote monitoring,prevents and manages complications,improves treatment outcomes,and reduces medical costs,thereby demonstrating significant potential in the health management of elderly patients with chronic conditions.

Objective To understand the clinical applicability and implementation of expert consensus on the implementation and removal of protective restraints in psychiatry,and to provide references for promoting the standardized practice of psychiatric protective restraints and updating the consensus.Methods By the convenience sampling method,a questionnaire survey was conducted among nurses from 480 hospitals in 30 provinces from June 15 to July 15,2024.The survey was conducted using the instrument for evaluating clinical applicability of guide-lines(version 2.0)and a self-compiled questionnaire on the clinical implementation of the restraint consensus.Results A total of 7,844 valid questionnaires were collected,with a valid questionnaire recovery rate of 93.78％.The results of clinical applicability scoring showed that the consensus had the lowest availability score(64.72％)and the highest acceptability score(76.74％).The results showed that nurses' receiving training and the level of their hospitals were the main influencing factors for scores in various dimensions(P＜0.05).4,774 participants(87.42％)believed that the application of consensus could enhance the standardization of nurses' restraint operations.The safety rate of the restraint consensus was 79.51％,and the economic ratio was 76.87％.Among the evaluators,1,739(22.17％)believed that there were implementation obstacles in the consensus.Conclusion The clinical applicability of the consensus is relatively good,and the application of the consensus helps to improve the standardization of clinical operations.In the future,efforts should be made to strengthen the promotion and training of the consensus,develop hierarchical promotion strategies according to the characteristics of medical institutions,and improve the quality of evidence for the consensus,so as to further enhance the clinical application effect of the consensus.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus(AFI)on slow-transit constipation(STC)in mice.Methods A STC model was established via intragastric administration of Loperamide Hydrochloride.Successfully modeled mice were randomized into a model group,low-and high-dose AFI groups,a high-dose AFI+Masitinib[tyrosine kinase(c-Kit)inhibitor]group,additionally,a normal group was set up.After intervention,intestinal transit rate,6-hour fecal pellet number,fecal water content,and colonic histomorphology(hematoxylin-eosin staining)were assessed.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to measure levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),vasoactive intestinal polypeptide(VIP),substance P(SP),nitric oxide(NO),and nitric oxide synthase(NOS)activity in colon tissue.Quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)was used to evaluate mRNA expression of stem cell factor(SCF)and c-Kit in colon tissue,Western Blot was used to analyze relative protein expression of aquaporin 3(AQP3),aquaporin 8(AQP8),SCF,and c-Kit in colon tissue.Results Compared with the normal group,there was devere colonic damage observed in the colon tissue of the mice in the model group,the fecal pellet number,fecal water content,intestinal transit rate,colon tissue SP content,c-Kit and SCF gene and protein expression levels were reduced.The contents of 5-HT,VIP and NO,NOS activity and the protein expression levels of AQP3 and AQP8 in colon tissue were increased,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the colonic injury of mice in the low-and high-does AFI groups showed obvious improvement,the fecal pellet number,fecal water content,intestinal transit rate,colon tissue SP content,c-Kit and SCF gene and protein expression levels were increased,the contents of 5-HT,VIP and NO,NOS activity and the protein expression levels of AQP3 and AQP8 in colon tissue were decreased(P＜0.05).Masitinib partially reversed the laxative effects of AFI(P＜0.05).Conclusion AFI enhances intestinal motility,alleviates colonic injury,and improves defecation in STC mice,potentially via activation of the SCF/c-Kit pathway.

Background Repeated-sprint training in hypoxia (RSH) can improve athletic performance and reduce body fat in obese individuals. However, studies characterizing metabolic changes experienced by elite athletes before and after RSH are currently scarce in China. Objective To characterize the plasma metabolic profile alterations in elite athletes induced by a two-week RSH intervention using untargeted metabolomics, and to analyze the associations between differential metabolites and indices of blood lipids and body composition. Methods Blood samples from 11 elite athletes before and after 2 weeks of RSH were collected for metabolomics analysis and blood lipid analysis. Plasma metabolites were detected by liquid chromatographymass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined technology, and the differential metabolites before and after training were screened out by differential analysis. Key metabolic pathways were identified by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome Database (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Then, the correlations of blood lipid indexes and body composition indexes with differential metabolites before and after training were evaluated. Results Finally 20 differential metabolites were identified, among which 17 lipid metabolites were significantly up-regulated, and amino acids and their derivatives (1 type) and sugar derivatives (2 types) were significantly down-regulated. The results of KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the differential metabolites were mainly involved in three pathways closely related to RSH, namely hypoxia inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1) signaling pathway, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway, and sphingolipid signaling pathway. The post-training analysis revealed significant increases in total cholesterol (P<0.05) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P<0.001), as well as a significant decrease in triglycerides (P<0.01). There were minor decreases in body weight, body fat, body fat percentage, fat mass index (FMI), and fat-free mass (FFM) (P>0.05). After training, total cholesterol was negatively correlated with phosphatidylinositol (16:0/22:4) and D-fructose, HDL-C was negatively correlated with D-fructose and β-D-glucuronic acid, while body fat, body fat percentage, and FMI showed positive correlations with multiple carnitine fatty acid derivatives. Conclusion The 2-week RSH promotes the decomposition of lipid metabolites, increases the utilization of fatty acids, and reduces the accumulation of carbohydrate metabolites in elite athletes, which has a positive effect on the health of blood lipid metabolism. It may also help elite athletes regulate body fat by promoting lipid metabolism. Further research is needed in the future to validate these findings.

Objective:To analyze the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening status and the resulting residual risk (RR) among blood donors across 17 provincial blood centers in China.Methods:This study used a cross-sectional study. Data on HIV infection markers per 100 000 first-time donors (FD) and repeat donors (RD) from January 2015 to December 2024 were extracted from the National Blood Establishment Performance Comparison Information Management System. Questionnaires were used to collect each center′s HIV screening strategy, algorithm, serological test (ST) kit manufacturers, gray-zone setting for ST, and nucleic acid test (NAT) modality, method, and platform. The incidence-window-period model was used to calculate the residual risk for first-time donors (RR FD), repeat donors (RR RD), and total donors (RR TD) at each center. Horizontal and vertical analysis of RR FD, RR RD, and RR TD across centers and years were performed. Results:All 17 centers applied the same HIV screening strategy which was two rounds of ST followed by one round of NAT. Eight of them operated a single screening algorithm, six employed two algorithms and three used three. Eleven centers used both imported and domestic ST kits, five relied on domestic ST kits only, and one used imported ST kits only, while four centers never set a grey zone for ST throughout the decade. For NAT modalities, eight centers adopted both individual nucleic acid test (ID-NAT) and minipool nucleic acid test (MP-NAT), eight used MP-NAT only and one used ID-NAT only. Seven centers combined transcription mediated amplification (TMA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), nine used PCR only and one used TMA only, and fourteen centers ran both imported and domestic NAT systems, two used imported systems only and one used a domestic system only. Over the ten-year period, the mean RR FD across the centers ranged from 2.22 to 12.33 per 10 6 person-years, RR RD from 0.83 to 3.29 per 10 6 person-years and RR TD from 1.59 to 9.29 per 10 6 person-years, with center Z4 consistently showing the lowest values for all three metrics and center U4 recording the highest RR FD and RR TD, while center D2 had the highest RR RD. In 2024 compared with 2015, eleven centers achieved a lower RR FD and ten centers achieved lower RR RD and RR TD. The RR FD and RR TD of centers W2 and U4 displayed pronounced fluctuations and an upward trend in recent years. Conclusions:The 17 provincial blood centers maintain consistent HIV screening strategies, while demonstrating variations in screening algorithm, ST kit manufacturers, NAT modalities, methods, and platform. And the RR FD, RR RD, and RR TD differ across centers. Although most centers show declining trend in RR over the ten-year period, some centers exhibite data fluctuations with a rising trend, suggesting potential for further optimization of HIV screening protocols.

Objective To understand the clinical applicability and implementation of expert consensus on the implementation and removal of protective restraints in psychiatry,and to provide references for promoting the standardized practice of psychiatric protective restraints and updating the consensus.Methods By the convenience sampling method,a questionnaire survey was conducted among nurses from 480 hospitals in 30 provinces from June 15 to July 15,2024.The survey was conducted using the instrument for evaluating clinical applicability of guide-lines(version 2.0)and a self-compiled questionnaire on the clinical implementation of the restraint consensus.Results A total of 7,844 valid questionnaires were collected,with a valid questionnaire recovery rate of 93.78％.The results of clinical applicability scoring showed that the consensus had the lowest availability score(64.72％)and the highest acceptability score(76.74％).The results showed that nurses' receiving training and the level of their hospitals were the main influencing factors for scores in various dimensions(P＜0.05).4,774 participants(87.42％)believed that the application of consensus could enhance the standardization of nurses' restraint operations.The safety rate of the restraint consensus was 79.51％,and the economic ratio was 76.87％.Among the evaluators,1,739(22.17％)believed that there were implementation obstacles in the consensus.Conclusion The clinical applicability of the consensus is relatively good,and the application of the consensus helps to improve the standardization of clinical operations.In the future,efforts should be made to strengthen the promotion and training of the consensus,develop hierarchical promotion strategies according to the characteristics of medical institutions,and improve the quality of evidence for the consensus,so as to further enhance the clinical application effect of the consensus.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of astragalus polysaccharide(APS)in inhibiting the proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells.Methods Cell counting kit-8(CCK8)assay was used to detect the inhibitory effect of APS on the proliferation of osteosarcoma cell lines U2OS,HOS,MG63 and osteoblast cell line hFOB1.19,the cell line with the most significant inhibitory effect of APS on osteosarcoma cells was selected for subsequent experiments.Osteosarcoma cells were divided into control group(NC group),APS group,APS+sh-SP1 co treatment group with transfected SP1 knockdown plasmid(APS+sh-SP1),and APS+oe SP1 co treatment group with transfected SP1 overexpression plasmid(APS+oe SP1 group).Western blotting was used to detect the expression of SP1 protein in each group.CCK8 assay was used to detect the proliferation ability of each group.Transwell assay was used to detect the metastatic ability of cells in each group.TOP/FOP Flash assay was used to detect the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.The protein expressions of Wnt3a,β-catenin,CyclinD1,cMYC,matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP2)and Snail were detected by western blotting.Result After 48h of APS treatment,the cell proliferation inhibition rates of osteosarcoma cells U2OS,HOS,MG63 and osteoblast cells hFOB1.19 were 62.93%±4.79%,20.66%±1.10%,39.31%±3.20%and 5.97%±0.72%,respectively.Compared with osteoblast hFOB1.19,APS significantly inhibited the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells,and the difference was statistically significant(F=208.400,P<0.001),and the inhibitory effect on osteosarcoma U2OS cells was the most significant(t=20.380,P<0.001).Compared with NC group,SP1 protein expression,cell proliferation ability,number of transmembrane cells,Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activity in cells,Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway key proteins Wnt3a,β-catenin,downstream proliferation-related protein CyclinD1,cMYC,and downstream metastasis related proteins MMP2 and Snail in the APS group were decreased,and the differences were statistically significant(t=9.740～90.780,all P<0.05).Compared with the APS group,the expression of SP1 protein,cell proliferation ability,the number of transmembrane cells,the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and the expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway related proteins in the APS+sh-SP1 group were further decreased,and the differences were statistically significant(t=3.032～12.940,all P<0.05).Compared with the APS group,the expression of SP1 protein,cell proliferation ability,the number of transmembrane cells,the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and the expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway related proteins in the APS+oe-SP1 group were increased,and the differences were statistically significant(t=3.350～22.450,all P<0.05).Conclusion APS inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells by targeting SP1/Wnt/β-catenin signaling axis.

Objective:To explore the impact of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT-G) on depressive symptoms and social cognitive function of adolescents with depression.Methods:From June 2021 to December 2023, a total of 75 adolescent inpatients diagnosed with depression were recruited from Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital. They were divided into intervention group and control group according to the general information matching principle.Finally, 30 patients in each group completed the study.The patients in control group received antidepressant medication, psychiatric care, and general recreational activities.While the patients in intervention group received IPT-G based on the treatment of control group. Children's depression inventory (CDI), interpersonal trust scale (ITS), self-esteem scale (SES) and the adolescent cognitive style questionnaire (ACSQ) were adopted to assess the depressive symptoms and social cognitive function of adolescent inpatients before and after the intervention and at 3 and 6 months of follow-up, respectively. SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Chi-square test, independent sample t-test and repeated measure ANOVA were used for inter or intra group comparisons. Results:1.Comparison of depression: The time and group interaction effect of CDI scores between the two groups was significant ( F=6.405, P<0.01). Inter group comparison showed that the CDI scores of the intervention group at 3 and 6 months (12.10±5.20, 7.93±2.98) were lower than those of the control group(18.13±7.28, 15.77±5.52) (both P<0.05), and the scores of both groups at the end of the intervention, 3 months after the intervention, and 6 months after the intervention were lower than that before intervention (all P<0.05).2.Comparison of social cognitive function: (1)There were significant time and group interaction effect of ITS score and SES score( F=5.871, 6.594, both P<0.01).Inter group comparison showed that the ITS score(78.97±7.63, 83.03±7.42) and the SES score(28.00±4.00, 30.30±3.21) of intervention group at 3 months and 6 months after intervention were all higher than those of control group(ITS: (71.70±12.29, 73.90±12.79); SES: (24.37±5.08, 25.80±4.10)(all P<0.05).Intra group comparison showed that the ITS and the SES scores of the intervention group at 3 months and 6 months after intervention were all higher than before intervention( P<0.05).The ITS score of the control group at 6 months after intervention was higher than before intervention( P<0.05).The SES scores of the control group at three time points after intervention were all higher than those before intervention(all P<0.05).(2)Comparison of ACSQ scores: There were significant time and group interaction effects for the scores of academic stability, academic specificity, interpersonal introversion and extroversion, and interpersonal stability, interpersonal specificity( F=5.414, 9.294, 3.440, 8.231, 10.669, all P<0.05). Inter group comparison showed that the academic stability, academic specificity, interpersonal stability, and interpersonal specificity scores of the intervention group were lower than those of the control group at 3 and 6 months after intervention (all P<0.05).Intra group comparison showed that the academic stability, academic specificity, interpersonal introversion and extroversion, interpersonal stability, and interpersonal specificity scores of the intervention group at 3 months and 6 months after the intervention were lower than those before the intervention (all P<0.05).After 3 and 6 months of intervention, the academic stability, academic specificity, interpersonal introversion and extroversion, interpersonal stability, and interpersonal specificity scores of the control group were all lower than those before intervention (all P<0.05). Conclusion:IPT-G can not only alleviate depressive symtoms, but also improve social cognitive function.