BACKGROUND:Intra-articular injection therapy is a relatively safe and effective treatment that can effectively relieve clinical signs and symptoms of patients with osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint.OBJECTIVE:To summarize new developments in the types of intra-articular injectable drugs and multiple combined treatment options for patients with osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint.METHODS:We searched relevant articles included in CNKI and PubMed databases with the keywords of"temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis,steroid hormone,nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,hyaluronic acid,ozone,chitosan,platelet-rich plasma,stem cell,exosome,intra-articular injection,arthrocentesis,drug therapy,therapy"in Chinese and English,respectively.A total of 67 articles were finally included for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The application of intra-articular injection therapy in osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint is promising.There is a wide range of injectable drugs,including glucocorticoids,hyaluronic acid,chitosan,and platelet-rich plasma.Although the results of the existing studies show good efficacy,large-scale randomized controlled trials are still needed to further verify its safety and efficacy.(2)Different combinations of drugs injected into the joint cavity have shown better efficacy in osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint,and future studies should focus on the optimal combinations of different drugs as well as combinations of drugs with other therapeutic options,to provide a more effective treatment option for patients with osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint.

BACKGROUND:Intra-articular injection therapy is a relatively safe and effective treatment that can effectively relieve clinical signs and symptoms of patients with osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint.OBJECTIVE:To summarize new developments in the types of intra-articular injectable drugs and multiple combined treatment options for patients with osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint.METHODS:We searched relevant articles included in CNKI and PubMed databases with the keywords of"temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis,steroid hormone,nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,hyaluronic acid,ozone,chitosan,platelet-rich plasma,stem cell,exosome,intra-articular injection,arthrocentesis,drug therapy,therapy"in Chinese and English,respectively.A total of 67 articles were finally included for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The application of intra-articular injection therapy in osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint is promising.There is a wide range of injectable drugs,including glucocorticoids,hyaluronic acid,chitosan,and platelet-rich plasma.Although the results of the existing studies show good efficacy,large-scale randomized controlled trials are still needed to further verify its safety and efficacy.(2)Different combinations of drugs injected into the joint cavity have shown better efficacy in osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint,and future studies should focus on the optimal combinations of different drugs as well as combinations of drugs with other therapeutic options,to provide a more effective treatment option for patients with osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint.

Radiation-induced heart disease(RIHD)is a severe complication in patients with thoracic cancer undergoing radiotherapy,with important impacts on long-term survival among cancer survivors.There is an urgent need to investigate the pathogenesis of RIHD and to develop effective therapeutic agents,and the establishment of high-quality RIHD animal models is pivotal to addressing these issues.This review summarizes the critical factors to consider in establishing RIHD animal models,including species selection,radiation type,dosage,fractionation,and target fields,and modeling timeline,along with the evaluation method and success criteria.We also consider the potential pathogenic mechanisms underlying RIHD,including DNA damage,oxidative stress,inflammatory responses,mitochondrial dysfunction,renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation,and myocardial fibrosis,as well as their interrelationships.These insights provide a comprehensive reference framework for constructing RIHD animal models and advancing mechanistic investigations into this condition.

Objective To explore the role of miR-204-3p in silicosis and to elucidate the mechanism by which it affects silicosis fibers by regulating silica dust-induced alveolar epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)in rats.Methods Forty SD rats were divided randomly into 4 groups:Control,Silicosis,AAV-Control,and AAV-miR-204-3p groups.The pathology of lung tissue damage was detected by hematoxylin and eosin(HE)and Masson staining.Relative expression levels of miR-204-3p and EMT marker genes in lung tissues from rats in each group were analyzed by real-time fluorescence reverse transcription quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR),and protein expression levels of EMT-related markers in lung tissues were detected by Western blot.Results The alveolar structure was damaged,the lung septa showed interstitial fibrosis,and expression levels of mesenchymal markers were elevated in the Silicosis group compared with the Control group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01,P＜0.001).The alveolar structure was more complete,the EMT process was alleviated,fibrosis was improved,and mesenchymal marker expression was reduced in the AAV-miR-204-3p group compared with the AAV-Control group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01,P＜0.001).Conclusions Free silica dust induces EMT in rat lung tissue.Overexpression of miR-204-3p can attenuate the EMT process induced by free silica dust in rats,and may thus affect silicosis fibrosis.

Radiation-induced heart disease(RIHD)is a severe complication in patients with thoracic cancer undergoing radiotherapy,with important impacts on long-term survival among cancer survivors.There is an urgent need to investigate the pathogenesis of RIHD and to develop effective therapeutic agents,and the establishment of high-quality RIHD animal models is pivotal to addressing these issues.This review summarizes the critical factors to consider in establishing RIHD animal models,including species selection,radiation type,dosage,fractionation,and target fields,and modeling timeline,along with the evaluation method and success criteria.We also consider the potential pathogenic mechanisms underlying RIHD,including DNA damage,oxidative stress,inflammatory responses,mitochondrial dysfunction,renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation,and myocardial fibrosis,as well as their interrelationships.These insights provide a comprehensive reference framework for constructing RIHD animal models and advancing mechanistic investigations into this condition.

In 2025,the International Association of Pancreatology(IAP),in collaboration with the American Pancreatic Association,European Pancreatic Club,Indian Pancreas Club,and Japan Pancreas Society,released the International Association of Pancreatology revised guidelines on acute pancreatitis 2025.This edition represents a comprehensive revision of the 2013 guidelines,based on high-quality evidence accumulated over the past decade,particularly randomized controlled trials.The guidelines encompass 18 key areas-including pain management,fluid therapy,nutritional support,management of infected necrosis,complication control,discharge and follow-up,and recurrence prevention-offering a total of 96 recommendations that emphasize individualized treatment.These updates provide important guidance for standardizing clinical practice and improving outcomes in acute pancreatitis,while also indicating future research directions such as the development of targeted therapies.However,some recommendations remain limited by lower evidence quality,uncertain applicability in specific clinical settings,and insufficient consideration of economic burden and cost-effectiveness.

Objective To explore the role of miR-204-3p in silicosis and to elucidate the mechanism by which it affects silicosis fibers by regulating silica dust-induced alveolar epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)in rats.Methods Forty SD rats were divided randomly into 4 groups:Control,Silicosis,AAV-Control,and AAV-miR-204-3p groups.The pathology of lung tissue damage was detected by hematoxylin and eosin(HE)and Masson staining.Relative expression levels of miR-204-3p and EMT marker genes in lung tissues from rats in each group were analyzed by real-time fluorescence reverse transcription quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR),and protein expression levels of EMT-related markers in lung tissues were detected by Western blot.Results The alveolar structure was damaged,the lung septa showed interstitial fibrosis,and expression levels of mesenchymal markers were elevated in the Silicosis group compared with the Control group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01,P＜0.001).The alveolar structure was more complete,the EMT process was alleviated,fibrosis was improved,and mesenchymal marker expression was reduced in the AAV-miR-204-3p group compared with the AAV-Control group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01,P＜0.001).Conclusions Free silica dust induces EMT in rat lung tissue.Overexpression of miR-204-3p can attenuate the EMT process induced by free silica dust in rats,and may thus affect silicosis fibrosis.

In 2025,the International Association of Pancreatology(IAP),in collaboration with the American Pancreatic Association,European Pancreatic Club,Indian Pancreas Club,and Japan Pancreas Society,released the International Association of Pancreatology revised guidelines on acute pancreatitis 2025.This edition represents a comprehensive revision of the 2013 guidelines,based on high-quality evidence accumulated over the past decade,particularly randomized controlled trials.The guidelines encompass 18 key areas-including pain management,fluid therapy,nutritional support,management of infected necrosis,complication control,discharge and follow-up,and recurrence prevention-offering a total of 96 recommendations that emphasize individualized treatment.These updates provide important guidance for standardizing clinical practice and improving outcomes in acute pancreatitis,while also indicating future research directions such as the development of targeted therapies.However,some recommendations remain limited by lower evidence quality,uncertain applicability in specific clinical settings,and insufficient consideration of economic burden and cost-effectiveness.

Objective:To analyze the association between inflammation-related dietary patterns and the risk for cognitive impairment in older adults aged ≥65 years in longevity areas in China by using reduced rank regression (RRR) analysis.Methods:This study used cross-sectional data from the 2021 Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study, including the information about study participants' demographic characteristics, lifestyles, daily life activities, and disease histories. Dietary intake was obtained by using a simplified food frequency questionnaire. Cognitive impairment was evaluated based on the Mini-Mental State Examination Scale combined with years of education. Fasting venous blood samples were collected to detect inflammatory markers, especially high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR). RRR analysis was used to obtain inflammation-related dietary patterns using hs-CRP and PLR as response variables. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between dietary pattern score and the risk for cognitive impairment. Restricted cubic spline was used to explore the dose response relationship, and mediation analysis was used to quantify the mediating effects of hs-CRP and PLR.Results:Two dietary patterns were identified with RRR. The primary pattern was characterized by higher intakes of flour, red meat, and dairy products, and lower intake of fresh vegetables, explaining 6.84% of the variance in food intake and 0.50% of the variance in inflammatory markers. Compared with the T1 group, the T3 group had significantly higher risk for cognitive impairment ( OR=1.242, 95% CI: 1.034-1.491). Each one standard deviation increase in the dietary pattern score was associated with an 8.7% increase in the risk for cognitive impairment ( OR=1.087, 95% CI: 1.008-1.172), with a significant linear trend (overall-model P<0.001, non-linear P=0.295). Mediation analysis indicated that hs-CRP mediated 6.2% of the association between the dietary pattern and the risk for cognitive impairment. Conclusion:The inflammation- related dietary pattern characterized by higher consumption of flour, red meat, and dairy products and lower consumption of fresh vegetables is associated with an increased risk for cognitive impairment in older adults, and hs-CRP partially mediates this association.

Objective To analyze the differences of brain activity between first-episode untreated depressive patients with and without suicidal ideation(SI),and its correlations with clinical characteristics.Methods A total of 40 major depressive disorder(MDD)patients with SI(MDD+SI group),40 patients without SI MDD(MDD+NSI group),and 40 healthy controls(HC)(HC group)were enrolled.The 17-item Hamilton depression scale(HAMD-17)and Beck scale for suicide ideation(BSI)were used to assess the severity of depression and SI,respectively.MRI data were collected.The values of fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation(fALFF)were calculated.Results(1)Compared with the HC group,the MDD+NSI group showed decreases in the fALFF val-ues of the default network and attention network.The fALFF values of the attention network in the MDD+SI group showed decreases.Compared with the MDD+NSI group,the MDD+SI group showed decreases in the fALFF values of the attention network.(2)The fALFF values in the left middle frontal gyrus were negatively correlated with the total score of HAMD-17(r=-0.55;P<0.001)in the MDD+NSI group,while the fALFF values in the left middle frontal gyrus were negatively correlated with the total score of HAMD-17(r=-0.53;P<0.001)and the total score of BSI(r=-0.51;P<0.001)in the MDD+SI group.(3)The optimal critical value of fALFF value in left middle frontal gyrus for predicting SI occurrence in MDD patients was-0.039,area under the curve(AUC)was 0.76,sensitivity was 0.63,and specificity was 0.80.Conclusion The decreased local activity intensity in the left middle frontal gyrus of the brain might be the central mechanism for the occurrence of SI in MDD patients.In addition,the left middle frontal gyrus might have certain value in identifying SI and predicting the severity of SI.