It is difficult to treat malignant tumors, neurodegenerative diseases, and vascular diseases. For pathogenesis complexity of these diseases, researchers have focused on finding more drugs with high efficacy and low side effects. As a potential first-in-class drug, RRx−001 is expected to be an important first-line drug in tumor immunology, radiosensitizer and radio protecter. Currently, RRx−001 entered phase Ⅲ clinical trials. The data of the phase Ⅱ clinical trials demonstrated its safety and effectivity as a single agent and in combination with first-line clinical drugs. The novel mechanisms of RRx−001 and the result of main clinical trials were summarized, which could be valuable to further optimization and clinical application.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical efficacy of oral administration of modified Tuoli Xiaodusan on postoperative patients with perianal abscess， and its effects on related inflammatory factors and signal transducers and activators of transcription protein 3 （STAT3）/vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） signaling pathways. MethodsFrom January 2023 to December 2023 in Inner Mongolia hospital of traditional Chinese medicine， 60 postoperative patients with perianal abscess who met the inclusion criteria were selected. They were divided into a treatment group and a control group using the random number table method， with 30 cases in each group. The control group received conventional treatment， while the treatment group received additional treatment with modified Tuoli Xiaodusan on the basis of the control group. The course of treatment in both groups was three weeks. On the day of operation and on the 7^th， 14^th and 21^st day after operation， enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to measure the expression levels of serum interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）. Hematoxylin eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the pathological morphology of pathological tissue. Western blot was used to measure the levels of phosphorylated STAT3 （p-STAT3） and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） proteins， and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to determine the expression level of VEGF mRNA. The clinical efficacy of the two groups was compared according to the wound pain， secretion volume score， and healing rate of patients on the 3^rd， 7^th， 14^th， and 21^st day after operation. ResultsThe total effective rate of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group （P<0.05）. For intra-group comparison， the pain score of the control group decreased at each time period （P<0.05）， and the healing rate increased （P<0.05）. The secretion volume score decreased on the 14^th and 21^st days after operation （P<0.05）. The pain score and secretion volume score of the treatment group decreased at each time period （P<0.05）， and the healing rate increased （P<0.05）. The levels of various inflammatory factors decreased in both groups （P<0.05）. Compared with those on the surgical day， the levels of p-STAT3 and VEGF proteins in the wound tissue of the two groups were different on the 7^th and 21^st days after operation （P<0.05）. There were significant differences in VEGF mRNA levels in wound tissue between the two groups at each time period （P<0.01）. For inter-group comparison， on the 7^th and 14^th days after operation， the pain score in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group. On the 7^th， 14^th and 21^st days after operation， the secretion volume scores and healing rate of the treatment group were better than those of the control group （P<0.05）. The levels of various inflammatory factors in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group （P<0.05）， and the decline rate was faster （P<0.05）. On the 7^th day after operation， the levels of p-STAT3， VEGF protein， and VEGF mRNA in the wound tissue of the treatment group were higher than those in the control group （P<0.05）. HE staining showed that the inflammatory cell infiltration in the treatment group decreased faster. The cell arrangement was more orderly， and new blood vessel lumens were visible. There were no abnormalities in the safety observation indexes of all patients during the study period. ConclusionModified Tuoli Xiaodusan can relieve wound pain after perianal abscess surgery， reduce secretions， and improve wound healing rate. The mechanism may be reducing the levels of serum IL-1β， IL-6， and TNF-α， reducing the inflammatory response of the wound， upregulating the expression of p-STAT3 and VEGF proteins， and stimulating the STAT3/VEGF signaling pathway， thereby accelerating angiogenesis and promoting wound healing.

High-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), typically referring to systems with a magnetic field strength of ≥ 3 Tesla (T), offers significant advantages over conventional MRI in terms of higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and improved resolution. These advantages have opened new prospects for the assessment of kidney diseases. This review summarizes the application progress of high-field MRI in evaluating kidney diseases, focusing on advanced techniques for refined assessment of renal anatomy and function, including arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion imaging, blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) oxygenation imaging, sodium (23Na) imaging, and quantitative evaluation of renal fibrosis. Furthermore, the review explores the value of high-field MRI in the diagnosis of renal tumors and kidney stones, tumor characterization, and its role in supporting treatments such as percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Specifically, high-field MRI provides new approaches for early diagnosis and accurate staging of renal tumors, as well as radiation-free detection, composition analysis, and preoperative planning for PCNL in kidney stones. Finally, the review discusses current technical challenges, practical issues such as equipment accessibility, and future development directions. High-field MRI is emerging as a powerful non-invasive tool, providing crucial support for improving the diagnosis, management, and research of kidney diseases.

BackgroundCurrent studies on the relationship between depressive symptoms and the risks of stroke and all-cause mortality mostly focus on the elderly population or high-risk groups with chronic diseases. The long-term impact of depressive symptoms in young and middle-aged people on the risks of stroke and all-cause mortality still lacks systematic assessment， and the relevant evidence is insufficient. ObjectiveTo explore the association between depressive symptoms and the risks of stroke and all-cause mortality in young and middle-aged adults， thereby expanding the risk evidence in this age group and providing epidemiological basis for early identification of high-risk individuals and the development of targeted intervention strategies. MethodsBased on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey （NHANES） database （2009–2018）， a total of 14 947 young and middle-aged respondents aged 18 to 64 were included as the research subjects. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline （RCS） models were employed to examine the association between depressive symptoms and stroke. Cox proportional hazards model， RCS model， and Kaplan-Meier （K-M） survival curves were used to clarify the relationship between depressive symptoms and all-cause mortality risk. To verify the robustness of main findings， sensitivity analysis was conducted stratified by gender， hypertension， diabetes， hyperlipidemia， body mass index （BMI）， and age. ResultsLogistic regression analysis revealed that compared with the non-depressed group， the risk of stroke in the mild depression group increased by 53.50% （OR=1.535， 95% CI： 1.147–2.053）， while the moderate-to-severe depression group showed the highest risk with a 132.90% increase （OR=2.329， 95% CI： 1.733–3.129）. RCS analysis indicated an approximately linear dose-response relationship between PHQ-9 score and the risk of stroke （P_{for non-linearity}=0.089）， with stroke risk increasing as PHQ-9 scores rose. As the PHQ-9 score increased， the risk of stroke also showed an upward trend. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that compared with the non-depressed group， the risk of all-cause mortality in the mild depression group increased by 48.80% （HR=1.488， 95% CI： 1.164–1.902）， and the moderate-to-severe depression group had a 70.60% increased risk （HR=1.706， 95% CI： 1.310–2.221）. RCS analysis showed a linear dose-response relationship between PHQ-9 scores and all-cause mortality risk （P_{for non-linearity}=0.440）. K-M curves indicated that as the severity of depressive symptoms increases， the risk of all-cause mortality gradually rises （P<0.05）. Sensitivity analysis confirmed that the associations between depression symptoms and risks of stroke and all-cause mortality were not modified by gender， hypertension， diabetes， hyperlipidemia， BMI， or age， demonstrating robust findings. ConclusionAmong the young and middle-aged population， both mild and moderate-to-severe depression were associated with increased risks of stroke and all-cause mortality， with the moderate-to-severe depression group showed more pronounced risk elevations. A positive dose-response relationship was observed between depressive symptoms and these risks.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of a zanubrutinib-based combination regimen as first-line treatment for patients with B-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorder (B-CLPD). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 26 patients with B-CLPD, including indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-iNHL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and other unclassifiable B-CLPD, who were newly diagnosed and treated at the Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University between January 2021 and January 2025. Patients were divided into two groups according to the treatment regimen: BR (bendamustine plus rituximab) and ZBR (zanubrutinib combined with BR regimen). Baseline characteristics, treatment responses, and the incidence of treatment-related adverse events (TRAE) were compared between the two groups. Results No statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics were observed between the two groups. All patients completed at least four cycles of treatment. There were no significant differences between the BR and ZBR groups in partial response rate (46.2% vs 53.8%), complete response rate (53.8% vs 15.4%), overall response rate (100.0% vs 84.6%), or TRAE incidence. After the first cycle, the lymphocyte count was higher in the ZBR group than in the BR group (P＝0.002); no other statistically significant differences in other hematologic parameters were observed at any treatment cycle. Conclusions In patients with B-iNHL, MCL, and other unclassifiable B-CLPD, the ZBR regimen demonstrates similar safety and response rates to the BR regimen. These findings support further investigation into the clinical value of ZBR as first-line treatment regimen in a limited course for indolent lymphoid malignancies.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical efficacy and renoprotective effects of finerenone combined with Shenkangning capsules in diabetic kidney disease （DKD） patients with spleen-kidney yang deficiency and blood stasis syndrome， and to evaluate the safety.METHODS Clinical data of 150 patients with DKD conforming to the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome differentiation of spleen-kidney yang deficiency and blood stasis syndrome were retrospectively collected from the departments of nephrology and endocrinology of our hospital from May 2024 to August 2025. Based on the treatment regimen received， patients were divided into a control group （ n ＝74） and an observation group （ n ＝76）. All patients in both groups received standardized treatment for DKD. In addition， the control group received Finerenone tablets， whereas the observation group received Shenkangning capsules combined with the same regimen as the control group. Both groups were treated continuously for 3 months. The clinical efficacy was evaluated and compared between the two groups after the 3-month treatment period. Additionally， TCM syndrome score （TCMSS）， renal function parameters [serum creatinine （Scr）， cystatin C （CysC）， and β 2 -microglobulin （β 2 -MG）]， proteinuria markers[urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio （UACR）， 24 hour urinary total protein （24 hUTP）]， inflammatory markers[high-sensitivity C-reactive protein （hs-CRP）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）] before and after 3 months of continuous treatment as well as the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.RESULTS After 3 months of treatment，the total effective rate in the observation group was significantly higher than in the control group （ P ＜0.05）. In both groups， the TCMSS， Scr， CysC， β 2 -MG， UACR， 24 hUTP， hs-CRP， and IL-6 levels were significantly lower than those before treatment in the same group （ P ＜0.05）， and all the above indicators in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group （ P ＜0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in the overall incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups （ P ＞0.05）.CONCLUSIONS The combination of finerenone and Shenkangning capsules improved TCM syndromes，reduced proteinuria， and improved renal function and inflammation-related indicators in DKD patients with spleen-kidney yang deficiency and blood stasis syndrome， without increasing the risk of adverse reactions.

Objective To investigate the relationship between sleep disorders and coronary heart disease through big data combined with Mendelian randomization analysis.Methods Data from 2005 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the United States were utilized.Logistic regression analysis was employed to evaluate the association between sleep disorders and coronary heart disease,while analyzing relevant influencing factors.A two-sample Mendelian randomization approach was implemented using Genome-Wide Association Studies to establish causal relationships.Results Logistic regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between sleep disorders and coronary heart disease(P＜0.001),with the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio serving as a mediating factor in this relationship(P＜0.001).Mendelian randomization analysis revealed a positive correlation between sleep disorders and coronary heart disease(OR=1.030,95％CI:1.01-1.04).Conclusion Sleep disorders can increase the risk of coronary heart disease by activating inflammatory factors.

Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics of pathogenic bacteria in ear canal secretions and the results of drug sensitivity in children with acute suppurative otitis media,and to provide a basis for rational drug use in early stage.Methods From January 2020 to January 2025,a total of 95 children with acute suppurative otitis media in Taian Maternity and Child Health Hospital were selected to analyze the distribution characteristics and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in ear canal secretions.Results A total of 82 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated.The 77 strains were Gram-positive bacteria,and 5 strains were Gram-negative bacteria.The most common pathogenic bacteria were Streptococcus pneumoniae(40.3％),Staphylococcus aureus(32.9％)and Streptococcus pyogenes(13.4％).Among 27 strains of Staphylococcus aureus,7 strains were methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA).The detection rate of pathogenic bacteria in ear canal secretions varied in four seasons,with the highest in autumn and the lowest in spring,and the difference was not statistically significant(x2=3.142,P=0.370).The proportion of pathogenic bacteria in ear canal secretion was different in four seasons.Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most detected in spring,autumn and winter,and Staphylococcus aureus was the most detected in summer.The resistance rates of Streptococcus pneumoniae to erythromycin,clindamycin and compound sulfamethoxazole(＞75.0％)were higher.The resistance rates of Streptococcus pyogenes to erythromycin,clindamycin and tetracycline were 100％.The resistance rates of methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus to penicillin,erythromycin and clindamycin(≥ 75.0％)were higher.The resistance rates of MRSA to penicillin was 100％.The resistance rates of Staphylococcus aureus to vancomycin,linezolid,tigecycline and rifampicin were not detected.Conclusion The common pathogenic bacteria in ear canal secretions from children with acute suppurative otitis media are Streptococcus pneumoniae,Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes,and the distribution of pathogenic bacteria is different among different seasons.Antibiotics commonly used in clinic have high drug resistance,and the isolation and culture of pathogenic bacteria and drug sensitivity analysis should be carried out as early as possible,so as to help improve the treatment effect and the prognosis.

AIM:To study the efficacy and molecu-lar mechanism of PX-478 in enhancing radiotherapy effect of lung cancer.METHODS:H460,A549 cells were divided into blank group,radiation group and radiation combined PX-478 group.In addition to the blank group,the radiation group and the PX-478 group were given 2Gy X-ray irradiation to estab-lish the radiation model,and the radiation com-bined with the PX-478 group was given 20 μmol/L PX-478 intervention after modeling,and cultured for 24 h.Inverted microscope was used to observe cell growth and cell number,CCK-8 method was used to detect cell viability,cloning was used to ob-serve cell proliferation,flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis,and Western blot was used to detect HIF-1α,GLUT1,HK2,PFK1,PKM2,LDHA pro-tein expression.RESULTS:Compared with blank group,the number of H460,A549 cells in radiation group decreased,cell viability and proliferation abil-ity decreased,cell apoptosis rate increased,HIF-1α,GLUT1,HK2,PFK1,PKM2,LDHA protein expression increased(P＜0.01).Compared with the radiation group,the number of H460,A549 cells in the radia-tion combined PX-478 group was significantly de-creased,the cell viability and proliferation ability were significantly weakened,the apoptosis rate was significantly increased,and the protein expres-sions of HIF-1α,GLUT1,HK2,PFK1,PKM2 and LDHA were significantly decreased(P＜0.01).CONCLU-SION:PX-478 can regulate the HIF-1α-mediated gly-colysis in A549,H460 cells after radiation,regulate the energy metabolism,increase the apoptosis of tumor cells,and improve the effect of radiotherapy.

Objective:To analyze the four lab test results of infectious diseases among patients in a stomatological hospital in Shaanxi Province from 2018 to 2023,so as to provide evidence for clinical prevention and control of infection.Methods:The pa-tients who see a doctor in stomatological hospital from January 2018 to December 2023 were tested for four infectious diseases.HB-sAg and anti-HIV were detected by electrochemical luminescence method,and anti-HCV and anti-TP were detected by ELISA method.Results:There was no statistical difference in the positive rates of HBsAg,anti-HCV and anti-HIV in each year,and the positive rate of anti-TP decreased year by year.There was no statistical difference in the positive rate of anti-HCV between different sexes,and the positive rates of HBsAg,anti-TP and anti-HIV are higher in male than in female.HBsAg and anti-HCV positive pa-tients were mostly concentrated in 51-60 years old.Anti-TP positive patients were mostly concentrated in people over 60 years old and anti-HIV positive patients were mostly concentrated in 41-60 years old.78.38％of HIV-positive patients with oral mucosal dis-eases were initially diagnosed as oral candidiasis.Conclusion:Male and people over 41 years old were the high-risk groups of vari-ous infectious diseases.