ObjectiveTo compare the differences between wild Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus（WAOF） and cultivated Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus（CAOF） through a traditional quality evaluation system for medicinal materials. MethodsA total of 10 batches of WAOF and 12 batches of CAOF samples were collected from various regions of Hainan province. Relevant analytical methods from the 2020 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China were employed to observe the characteristics of WAOF and CAOF， followed by microscopic identification， thin-layer chromatography（TLC） identification， moisture content（toluene method）， total ash， acid-insoluble ash， water-soluble and alcohol-soluble extracts（hot dipping method）， water-soluble protein， total polysaccharides and total flavonoids（ultraviolet spectrophotometry）， and volatile oil content（method A under general rule 2204）. The contents of five active components（protocatechuic acid， chrysin， kaempferol， tectochrysin and nootkatone） were quantified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography（UPLC）， and the antioxidant activity was evaluated. Building upon traditional quality evaluation of AOF， quantitative measurements were conducted on its appearance traits including diameter， length， plumpness（diameter/length ratio）， and color. Canonical correlation analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 to explore relationships between appearance traits and intrinsic quality. ResultsNo significant differences were observed between WAOF and CAOF in microscopic observation， TLC identification， moisture content， protocatechuic acid content， kaempferol content， odor， or antioxidant activity measured by 2，2ʹ-azino-bis（3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid）（ABTS） method. WAOF exhibited significantly higher levels in water-soluble extracts， alcohol-soluble extracts， total polysaccharide content， water-soluble protein content， 100-grain weight， length， and total color difference（ΔE^*ab） compared to CAOF（P<0.01）. In contrast， CAOF showed significantly higher levels of total ash， acid-insoluble ash， content of total flavonoids， volatile oil content， chrysin content， tectochrysin content， nootkatone content， diameter， plumpness， lightness（L^*）， red-green chromaticity（a^*）， yellow-blue chromaticity（b^*）， and antioxidant activity measured by 1，1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl（DPPH） method compared to WAOF（P<0.01）. Correlation analysis between 7 phenotypic traits and 8 quality traits revealed that among the phenotypic traits， plumpness， L^*， a^*， and b^* exerted significant influence on intrinsic quality. Among the quality traits， total flavonoids， volatile oils， nootkatone， chrysin， and tectochrysin contributed substantially to intrinsic quality. ConclusionPlumpness， L^*， a^*， and b^* of AOF significantly influence its intrinsic quality， and higher values of these parameters indicate relatively superior intrinsic quality. The comprehensive quality evaluation reveals that CAOF samples collected in this study are superior to their wild counterparts.

By reviewing the physical biological research on the activation of acupoint effects by acupuncture， this paper explains the activation mechanism from the perspective of the generation and transmission of mechanical signals caused by acupuncture， and reveals the physical-chemical coupling processes in the acupoint microenvironment. Future research should focus on locally mechanosensitive cells， further exploring how acupuncture mechanical signals trigger dynamic changes in cells and molecules in the acupoints， and the physical-chemical information transduction mechanism， which will provide scientific evidence for the acupoint activation during acupuncture. Related studies will contribute to a deeper understanding of the scientific principles behind acupuncture and promote its clinical application and development.

Through consulting herbal medicine， medical books， and local chronicles from past dynasties to modern times， this paper systematically researched Spatholobi Caulis from name， origin， producing areas， harvesting， processing， usage， quality evaluation， functions and indications， providing a reference for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing Spatholobi Caulis. According to the research， Spatholobi Caulis was first recorded in the Annals of Shunning Prefecture from the Qing dynasty. It was originally a medicinal herb commonly used in Shunning， Yunnan， and was named from the red juice resembling chicken blood that flowed out after the vein was cut off. The mainstream original plants of each dynasty were Kadsura heteroclita and Spatholobus suberectus. Among them， K. heteroclita mainly focused on dispersing blood stasis and unblocking meridians， mainly treating rheumatic pain and injuries caused by falls or blows， and it is mostly used as the raw material of Jixueteng ointments. S. suberectus was commonly used as decoction pieces in decoction， which had the functions of promoting blood circulation and replenishing blood， activating meridians and collaterals， and mainly used for treating anemia， irregular menstruation， and rheumatic bone pain. The production area of Spatholobi Caulis recorded in the Qing dynasty was Yunnan. Currently， the main production area of S. suberectus is Guangxi， while the main production area of K. interior is Yunnan. In the Qing dynasty， the usage of Spatholobi Caulis was an individual prescription with other herbs before making ointments， which was usually composed of the juice of it， safflower， angelica， and glutinous rice. But in modern times， Spatholobi Caulis is mostly sliced and dried for use. The quality of Spatholobi Caulis is often determined by the number of reddish-brown concentric circles on the cut surface， with a higher number indicating better quality. Additionally， the presence of resinous secretions is also considered desirable. Based on the research findings， it is suggested that when developing famous classical formulas containing Spatholobi Caulis， the choice of the primary source should be S. suberectus or K. heteroclita， taking into consideration the therapeutic effects of the formula. It is also recommended that the latest plant classification be referenced in the next edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia， adjusting the primary source of Kadsurae Caulis to K. heteroclita to avoid confusion caused by inconsistent original names， and the functions adjust to promote Qi circulation and relieve pain， disperse blood stasis and unblock collaterals， treating injuries caused by falls and bruises.

The medicinal use of Malvae Semen has a long history. In this paper， by consulting the ancient materia medica， prescription， agronomy， literature and other aspects of the classics， the name， origin， evolution of scientific name， quality， harvesting and processing， functions and indications and others of Malvae Semen were systematically sorted out and verified， so as to provide a basis for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing this herb. According to the textual research， Shennong Bencaojing began to use Dongkuizi as the correct name， which was used in the past dynasties， and there were also aliases such as Kuicaizi， Huacai， and Kuizi. Through the original research， it can be seen that Kuicai is the mainstream original plant of Malvae Semen， that is， Malva verticillata var. crispa， the Alcea rosea and M. cathayensis are also used. In modern times， the seeds of Abutilon theophrasti have been passed off as Malvae Semen， while the seeds of M. verticillata var. crispa have rarely been used in medicine. And Abutili Semen has been another medicinal material with different efficacy since the collection of Newly Revised Materia Medica in the Tang dynasty. Since the Ming and Qing dynasties， the cultivation of Kuicai has been decreasing， while A. theophrasti is more common and easy to obtain， and Abutili Semen and Malvae Semen are similar in morphology and confused， which should be corrected. In addition， Malvae Fructus is a Mongolian customary medicinal herb， which is different from the traditional use of seeds in traditional Chinese medicine. Kuicai， as an important vegetable in history， was widely cultivated and gradually shrunk after the Song dynasty， it is now mainly produced in southern provinces. The quality evaluation of Malvae Semen is better for those with dry bodies， full grain， grayish brown color， no mud， and no impurities. The harvesting is generally in the autumn and winter. After drying， it is seeded， sieved peel and impurities， mashed， or slightly stir-fried to yellow-white color with gentle fire. It is sweet， cold and slippery in nature and taste， with the main effects of laxation， diuresis， lactation and elimination of swelling. The efficacy of Abutili Semen is clearing heat and removing toxicity， promoting diuresis and removing nebula， the efficacy is quite different from that of Malvae Semen. Based on the results of textual research， it is suggested that M. verticillata var. crispa should be used as the medicinal source of Malvae Semen in the development of famous classical formulas， the corresponding processing methods should be selected according to the requirements of drug processing in the formulas， while the raw products are recommended to be used if the processing is not specified.

The medicinal use of Malvae Semen has a long history. In this paper， by consulting the ancient materia medica， prescription， agronomy， literature and other aspects of the classics， the name， origin， evolution of scientific name， quality， harvesting and processing， functions and indications and others of Malvae Semen were systematically sorted out and verified， so as to provide a basis for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing this herb. According to the textual research， Shennong Bencaojing began to use Dongkuizi as the correct name， which was used in the past dynasties， and there were also aliases such as Kuicaizi， Huacai， and Kuizi. Through the original research， it can be seen that Kuicai is the mainstream original plant of Malvae Semen， that is， Malva verticillata var. crispa， the Alcea rosea and M. cathayensis are also used. In modern times， the seeds of Abutilon theophrasti have been passed off as Malvae Semen， while the seeds of M. verticillata var. crispa have rarely been used in medicine. And Abutili Semen has been another medicinal material with different efficacy since the collection of Newly Revised Materia Medica in the Tang dynasty. Since the Ming and Qing dynasties， the cultivation of Kuicai has been decreasing， while A. theophrasti is more common and easy to obtain， and Abutili Semen and Malvae Semen are similar in morphology and confused， which should be corrected. In addition， Malvae Fructus is a Mongolian customary medicinal herb， which is different from the traditional use of seeds in traditional Chinese medicine. Kuicai， as an important vegetable in history， was widely cultivated and gradually shrunk after the Song dynasty， it is now mainly produced in southern provinces. The quality evaluation of Malvae Semen is better for those with dry bodies， full grain， grayish brown color， no mud， and no impurities. The harvesting is generally in the autumn and winter. After drying， it is seeded， sieved peel and impurities， mashed， or slightly stir-fried to yellow-white color with gentle fire. It is sweet， cold and slippery in nature and taste， with the main effects of laxation， diuresis， lactation and elimination of swelling. The efficacy of Abutili Semen is clearing heat and removing toxicity， promoting diuresis and removing nebula， the efficacy is quite different from that of Malvae Semen. Based on the results of textual research， it is suggested that M. verticillata var. crispa should be used as the medicinal source of Malvae Semen in the development of famous classical formulas， the corresponding processing methods should be selected according to the requirements of drug processing in the formulas， while the raw products are recommended to be used if the processing is not specified.

AIM:To analyze the association between mobile phone addiction and high myopia among college students.METHODS:We conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey in December 2022 on all students of a university in Shaanxi Province, and the questionnaire included socio-demographic characteristics, mobile phone addiction, high myopia, and lifestyle. Binary Logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between mobile phone addiction and high myopia among college students.RESULTS:A total of 19 952 college students were included. The prevalence of high myopia was 7.31%. The rate of mobile phone addiction was 25.68%, and the mobile phone addiction score was 37.59±13.38. The incidence of high myopia among college students with mobile phone addiction was higher than non-mobile phone addiction(P<0.001). After adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics and lifestyle, the risk of high myopia among college students with mobile phone addiction was 1.274 times(95%CI:1.131-1.434)higher than non-mobile phone addiction. For each point increase of total mobile phone addiction score, withdrawal symptoms score, salience score, social comfort score, and mood changes score, the risk of high myopia among college students increased by 0.9%(95%CI:1.005-1.013), 2.0%(95%CI:1.010-1.030), 2.6%(95%CI:1.010-1.043), 4.8%(95%CI:1.030-1.066), and 3.3%(95%CI:1.014-1.052), respectively.CONCLUSION:Mobile phone addiction is significantly associated with the increased risk of high myopia among college students, and early intervention of mobile phone use may reduce the risk of high myopia among college students.

The rapid growth of electronic waste has led to the accumulation of large amounts of valuable metal elements in the environment, causing serious environmental pollution and resource wastage. Compared with pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical processes which often result in severe environmental pollution and carbon footprints, microbial synthesis of metal nanoparticles has emerged as a green and environmentally friendly metallurgical technology for recovering valuable metals from electronic waste. This paper first reviews the mechanisms of metal nanoparticle synthesis within different structural compartments of microbial cells. It then introduces the applications of microbially synthesized metal nanoparticles in fields such as environmental remediation, energy production, biocatalysis, and biomedicine. Finally, it discusses the development prospects of microbial synthesis of metal nanoparticles, including exploration of diverse microbial resources and synthesis pathways, yield enhancement, integration of new technologies, and industrialization, aiming to promote further research and application of microbial synthesis of metal nanoparticles.
Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry* ; Bacteria/metabolism*

Objective: To investigate the expressions of GPR15 and FOXP3 in colorectal carcinoma(CRC) tissues and their clinical prognostic values. Methods : A total of 132 patients with CRC underwent radical surgery were collected. The control group selected the normal mucosal tissues more than 5 cm away from the edge of the cancer focus. Immunohistochemistry(Envision two-step method) was used to detect the expression levels of GPR15 and FOXP3 in CRC and adjacent tissues, and analyze their relationships with clinicopathological factors of colorectal cancer. Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw the survival curve to analyze the correlation between the expressions of GPR15 and FOXP3 and the survival prognosis of patients with CRC. The factors influencing prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer were analyzed by Cox regression. Results : The immunohistochemistry showed that the expression levels of GPR15 and FOXP3 in CRC were significantly higher than those in normal colorectal mucosal tissues(P<0.05). The expression of GPR15 in CRC tissues was correlated with location, nerve invasion and TNM stage; FOXP3 expression was correlated with sex(P<0.05).Both expressions were not significantly correlated with the clinicopathologic features of age, tumor size, differentiation degree, tissue type, depth of invasion, tumor budding, vascular invasion and lymph node metastasis. Correlation analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between GPR15 and FOXP3 expression(Kappa=-0.019,P>0.05). The survival prognosis of GPR15 positive group was significantly worse than that of negative group(log-rank: χ2=4.3,P=0.039);while the survival prognosis of FOXP3 positive group was significantly better than that of negative group(log-rank: χ2=7.3,P=0.007).Age ≤55 years, positive GPR15 and negative FOXP3 were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with CRC(P<0.05). Conclusion The expression levels of GPR15 and FOXP3 in CRC are significantly higher than those in paracancer tissues, GPR15 and FOXP3 are expected to become new tumor markers for early screening, accurate treatment and prognosis assessment of CRC.

Objective:To discuss the effect of KH-type splicing regulatory protein(KHSRP)on the malignant biological behaviors of colorectal cancer(CRC)by activating the Janus kinase(JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT)signaling pathway,and to clarify its possible mechanism.Methods:The CRC tissue and adjacent normal tissue from 64 CRC patients were selected.The human CRC cells(HT29,SW620,SW480,DLD-1,LOVO,and RKO)and normal human colorectal mucosal FHC cells were cultured in vitro.The total RNA from CRC tissue and cells were extracted,real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)was used to detect the expression levels of KHSRP in the CRC tissue,adjacent normal tissue and all kinds of cells.The HT29 and SW620 cells were divided into sh-NC group(lentiviral plasmid inserted with non-targeting nucleotide sequence)and sh-KHSRP group(transfected with KHSRP knockdown lentivirus).The SW480 and DLD-1 cells were divided into oe-NC group(lentiviral plasmid inserted with non-targeting nucleotide sequence)and oe-KHSRP group(transfected with KHSRP overexpression lentivirus).Immunohistochemistry(IHC)staing in method was used to analyze the expressions of KHSRP in CRC tissue and adjacent normal tissue;CCK-8 method was used to detect the proliferation activities of the CRC cells in various groups;Transwell assay was used to detect the numbers of migration and invasion cells in various groups;Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of KHSRP,JAK1,phosphorylated JAK1(p-JAK1),JAK2,phosphorylated JAK2(p-JAK2),STAT1,STAT2,STAT3,and STAT5 proteins in the CRC cells in various groups.The subcutaneous xenograft tumor models in the nude mice were used to measure the tumor volumes and weights of the mice in various groups.Results:Compared with adjacent normal tissue,the expression level of KHSRP in the CRC tissue was increased(P<0.05).Compared with FHC cells,the expression levels of KHSRP in the CRC cells were increased(P<0.05).Therefore,the HT29 and SW620 cells were selected for knockdown of KHSRP,while the SW480 and DLD-1 cells were selected for over-expression of KHSRP.The Western blotting results showed that the expression amounts of KHSRP protein in the CRC tissue and cells were higher than those in adjacent normal tissue and FHC cells.The IHC results showed that compared with adjacent normal tissue,the expression level of KHSRP protein in CRC tissue was increased(P<0.01).The RT-qPCR results showed that compared with sh-NC group,the expression levels of KHSRP mRNA in the HT29 and SW620 cells in sh-KHSRP group were decreased(P<0.01);compared with oe-NC group,the expression levels of KHSRP mRNA in the SW480 and DLD-1 cells in oe-KHSRP group were increased(P<0.01),indicating successful transfection.The CCK-8 results showed that compared with sh-NC group,the proliferation activities of the HT29 and SW620 cells in sh-KHSRP group after knockdown of KHSRP were decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);compared with oe-NC group,the proliferation activities of the SW480 and DLD-1 cells in oe-KHSRP group after over-expression of KHSRP were increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with sh-NC group,the numbers of migration and invasion cells in the HT29 and SW620 cells in sh-KHSRP group after knockdown of KHSRP were decreased(P<0.05);compared with oe-NC group,the numbers of migration and invasion cells in the CRC cells in oe-KHSRP group after over-expression of KHSRP were increased(P<0.05).After knockdown of KHSRP,the tumor volume and weight in sh-KHSRP group were smaller than those in sh-NC group(P<0.05 or P<0.01),while the tumor volume andweight in oe-KHSRP group were larger than those in oe-NC group after over-expression of KHSRP(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with sh-NC group,the expression levels of JAK1,p-JAK1,and STAT3 proteins in the CRC cells in sh-KHSRP group were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);compared with oe-NC group,the expression levels of JAK1,p-JAK1,and STAT3 proteins in the CRC cells in oe-KHSRP group were significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion:High expression of KHSRP promotes the proliferation,migration,and invasion of the CRC cells and enhances the growth of subcutaneous xenograft tumors in the mice;its mechanism may be associated with its activation of the JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)is an autoimmune diabetes caused by the destruction of βcells and insulin absolute insufficiency,which is influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental fac-tors.In recent years,gut microbiota as an important part of regulating host disease and health status has re-ceived the extensive attention.Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth(SIBO)is a type of intestinal microbial dysbiosis that is associated with T1DM.The presence of SIBO may exacerbate the development of T1DM,which is closely associated with the high incidence of SIBO,however,the causal relationship between SIBO and T1DM and its specific mechanism of action are not well elucidated.This article reviews the relationship and interaction between SIBO and T1DM,and its potential mechanisms and interventional measures,which may help to discover the new therapeutic targets and develop the new treatment regimens for T1DM.