Objective To analyze the disease burden of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) attributed to high body mass index (BMI) in China from 1992 to 2021 and predict the disease burden for the next decade, and to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of CKD. Methods Using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database and the Joinpoint model, the average annual percentage rate change (AAPC) of the mortality rate and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rate was calculated to describe and analyze the CKD disease burden attributed to high BMI in China from 1992 to 2021. The ARIMA model was employed to predict and analyze the change trend of the CKD disease burden. Results From 1992 to 2021, the mortality rate and DALY rate attributed to high BMI-induced chronic kidney disease showed an upward trend. Compared to 1992, the attributed number of deaths increased by 324.38%, and DALYs increased by 268.56%; the mortality rate increased by 64.00%, and the DALY rate grew by 51.62%. From 1992 to 2021, the mortality rate and DALY rate for males were lower than those for females, but the growth rate for males exceeded that of females. From 1992 to 2021, the mortality rate and DALY rate of chronic kidney disease attributed to high BMI in China increased with age. The average annual change rate of chronic kidney disease attributed to high BMI in China from 1992 to 2021 (mortality rate: 1.40 per 100,000 (95% CI: 1.04–1.76), DALY rate: 1.43 per 100 000 (95% CI: 1.17–1.70)) was higher than thHuaiyin Normal University, Huai'anher social demographic index (SDI) regions. The ARIMA model predicted that the age-standardized mortality rate increased from 2.91 per 100 000 in 2022 to 3.05 per 100 000 in 2026, and the age-standardized DALY rate increased from 69.65 per 100 000 in 2022 to 73.58 per 100 000 in 2026. Conclusion Chronic kidney disease attributed to high BMI in China is on the rise, and it will continue to grow in the future. The focus of CKD prevention and control should be on males and the elderly, while active measures should be taken to reduce the occurrence and progression of chronic kidney disease.

Polygonatum sibiricum， as a traditional Chinese medicine with both medicinal and edible properties， has attracted considerable attention due to its functions of nourishing Yin and moistening the lungs， tonifying the spleen and benefiting Qi， and nourishing the kidneys and filling essence. Recent studies have demonstrated that Polygonatum sibiricum plays a significant role in regulating the immune system， effectively enhancing and improving the morphology and function of immune organs， stimulating the proliferation and activation of immune cells， and regulating the secretion and release of immune factors， thereby enhancing the immune function of the body and improving various immune-related diseases. Although a large number of studies have explored the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of P. sibiricum， there has been no systematic review and summary of its immune regulatory activity and mechanisms. Therefore， this article comprehensively reviews the research achievements of P. sibiricum polysaccharides and saponins in the field of immune regulation in recent years， and further sorts out the immune regulatory mechanisms of P. sibiricum in multiple aspects： including increasing the organ index of the spleen and thymus， increasing the number and activity of tumor-suppressive bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells， improving intestinal flora imbalance， regulating the quantity and proportion of T lymphocyte subsets， increasing the level of immunoglobulin， promoting the proliferation of macrophages， enhancing the activity of natural killer cells， increasing the number of white blood cells， and promoting the maturation of dendritic cells， providing a solid theoretical basis and scientific evidence for the research and application of P. sibiricum， and promoting its development and application in traditional Chinese medicine immune enhancers and various functional products.

There are a total of 16 couplet medicines of Paeoniae Radix Alba and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in the book FU Qingzhu Nüke, covering a wide range of diseases such as leukorrheal diseases, menopathy, pregnancy, and puerperal diseases, and there is a fine sense of the dosage, processing, and proportion of the couplet medicines. Through analyzing the cases of Paeoniae Radix Alba and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma couplet medicines and the characteristics of dosage, processing, and proportion, we conclude that Paeoniae Radix Alba and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma couplet medicines are mainly as followed: smoothing liver and strengthening spleen in treating leukorrheal diseases to remove dampness and stop leucorrhoea; regulating liver and tonifying spleen in menopathy to regulate menstruation and relieve pain; nourishing blood and benefiting qi in pregnancy to lower adverse qi and tranquilize fetus to prevent miscarriage; regulating and tonifying qi and blood in puerperal diseases to eliminate pathogenic factors and promote lactation; suppressing hyperactive liver for descending adverse qi, and relieving spasm and pain in cases of miscarriage due to rage. In terms of dosage, Paeoniae Radix Alba is mainly used for three to five qian, and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma is primarily used for one qian, and the dosage of the two medicinals is adjusted according to the degree of primary and secondary liver stagnation and spleen deficiency. In terms of processing, wine Paeoniae Radix Alba and raw Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma are primarily used. Stir-frying with wine can help Paeoniae Radix Alba nourish blood and promote blood circulation, tonifying without stagnation, and it is used in most of the diseases caused by liver qi stagnation or qi and blood deficiency. Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma used in raw is tonifying without causing stagnation, and it can also have the effect of purging fire. In terms of proportion, the ratio of Paeoniae Radix Alba to Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma is 5∶1 for liver stagnation restraining spleen, 3∶1 for qi and blood deficiency, and 1∶1 for obvious fire-heat. This paper analyses the application of Paeoniae Radix Alba and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma couplet medicines in FU Qingzhu Nüke, aiming to deeply study and inherit the academic thought of FU Qingzhu, and to provide new ideas and method for the precise application of Paeoniae Radix Alba and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma couplet medicines in clinical practice and researches.

The combination of sourness,bitterness,sweetness,pungency,and saltness results in different effects.Through the analysis of the theory of combining five flavours in Fu Qingzhu's Obstetrics and Gynecology,this article explores its application in formulation ideas and the characteristics of Chinese medication,summarized as"primarily sweet,with all four flavors harmonized".FU Qingzhu emphasizes the central role of sweet-flavour medicine in facilitating conception,while incorporating the other four flavours in synergy.For instance,sweet and pungent flavours can boost yang energy,eliminating chilliness and warming the uterus;sour and sweet flavours can nourish yin essence and protect the uterus;bitter and sweet flavours can tonify yin,supporting the kidneys and moistening the uterus;and pungent and salty flavours can eliminate stasis,regenerate blood,and enhance uterine functions.By flexibly utilizing the flavours and meridian affinity of traditional Chinese medicine,along with the theory of combining five flavours,it is possible to enhance drug compatibility,deepen the theoretical connotation of Chinese formulas,and regulate the uterus from both yin and yang aspects to facilitate conception.FU Qingzhu's integration of multiple Chinese formulas into a single formula allows for comprehensive treatment.Clear differentiation of dosages within the formula highlights the primary and secondary relationships of traditional Chinese medicines.Additionally,the utilization of pharmaceutical processing techniques optimizes efficacy and regulates meridians and collaterals.This article explores FU Qingzhu's application of the"pure and harmonious traditional Chinese medicines"theory.His prescription thinking enables the attainment of multi-level therapeutic effects,which greatly benefits the optimization of traditional Chinese medicine fertility assistance programs and increases pregnancy rates among infertility patients.

Objective: To explore the relationship between processed food consumption and blood pressure level of students in a university in Yunnan Province, so as to provide the reference for preventing hypertension in university students. Methods: In October 2021, a cluster sampling method was used to select 4 781 freshmen from a university in Kunming, Yunnan Province. The frequency of processed food consumption of university students was assessed by using the dietary frequency questionnaire, and height, weight and blood pressure were measured. Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare the differences in blood pressure level of university students with different demographic variables, and the association between processed food consumption and blood pressure level was analyzed with a generalized linear model. Results: Among the students of a university in Yunnan Province, the detection rates of systolic prehypertension and hypertension were 33.86% and 1.23%, and the detection rates of diastolic prehypertension were 32.13% and hypertension 7.22%. The results of generalized linear model analysis showed that after controlling for demographic variables and other variables that might affect the blood pressure level of university students, the consumption of processed food (bread and cake: β =0.15, 95% CI =0.01-0.29) and ultra processed food (coffee beverage: β =-0.29, 95% CI =-0.54--0.03) were associated with systolic blood pressure level( P <0.05). The consumption of processed food (salted duck egg: β =0.21, 95% CI =0.01-0.41) was correlated with the diastolic blood pressure of college students ( P <0.05). Conclusions Processed food consumption in university students may increase the risk of high blood pressure.The education of healthy eating among college students should be strengthened to reduce the consumption of processed foods.

Objective To study the therapeutic effect of Xuefu Zhuyu Capsule combined with sacubitril valsartan on dilated cardiomyopathy.Methods A total of 70 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy who were hospitalized in the Hospital from January to December 2020 were selected as the research objects and random-ly divided into control group and experimental group,with 35 cases in each group.The control group was only treated with sacubitril valsartan,and the experimental group was treated with Xuefu Zhuyu Capsule combined with sacubitril valsartan.According to the patient's blood pressure and renal function,sacubitril valsartan was titrated from a small dose to the maximum dose.Xuefu Zhuyu Capsule was uesd 2.4 g each time,twice a day,and the treatment time was three months.The symptoms of heart failure,glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),low density lipoprotein(LDL),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),ALT,AST,N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP),left ventricular end-systolic diameter(LVEDd),left ventricular end-dias-tolic diameter(LVEDs),ejection fraction(EF)and the incidence of arrhythmia were observed in the two groups after treatment.Results After treatment,the level of NT-proBNP in the experimental group was sig-nificantly lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in LDL,TC,TG,LVEDd,LVEDs and EF between the two groups(P＞0.05).The incidence of atrial tachycardia and ven-tricular premature beat in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).Con-clusion Xuefu Zhuyu Capsule combined with sacubitril valsartan can significantly improve the symptoms of patients with heart failure and reduce the level of NT-proBNP,but it may increase the proportion of patients with atrial tachycardia and ventricular premature beats.

Objective To compare and analyze the application value of domestic Octoparms and imported Celect inferior vena cava filter(IVCF)in the interventional treatment of venous thromboembolism(VTE).Methods Forty patients with VTE were randomly divided into Octoparms group(experimental group)and Celect group(control group)according to the double-blinded method of the central random system.All the patients underwent filter placement,catheter-directed thrombolysis and filter retrieval.The primary end point was the success of filter placement and retrieval,and the secondary end point included indwelling complications such as the occurrence of pulmonary embolism(PE)and filter tilt and migration.Results Forty patients were enrolled in this study,22 patients and 18 patients were divided into the experimental group and the control group,respectively.Among them,11 cases were identified with right lower extremity deep vein thrombosis,29 cases with left lower extremity deep vein thrombosis,17 cases with PE,and 6 cases with inferior vena cava thrombosis.The success rate of IVCF placement was 100%in all participants.Immediately after filter place-ment,the angle of filter tilt was(3.8±2.3)° in the experimental group and(4.9±2.8)° in the control group(t=1.44,P=0.16).Filter retrieval was successful in 21 cases(21/22,95.5%)of the experimental group and 17 cases(17/18,95.5%)of the control group.There was no significant difference between the two groups(t=0.14,P=0.89).The mean indwelling time of filter was(8.0±2.1)days in the experimental group and(9.7±3.1)days in the control group(t=0.73,P=0.47).The angle of filter tilt was(5.3±3.4)° in the experimental group and(5.7±7.7)° in the control group(t=0.19,P=0.85).There was no significant difference for filter placement and retrieval between the two groups(t=0.48 and 2.00,P=0.06 and 0.64,respectively).There were no complications of filter migration,strut penetration or new PE in both groups.Conclusion The application value of domestic Octoparms and impor-ted Celect IVCF is similar in interventional treatment of VTE.

Objective To explore the clinical application of individualized coil embolization in the interventional treatment of renal artery aneurysm(RAA).Methods Data of 23 patients with RAA treated by individualized coil embolization were analyzed.There were 27 RAAs,in which narrow-necked RAAs were treated with coil embolization and wide-necked RAAs were treated with stent-assisted coil embolization.The efficacy of the two embolization methods were analyzed and the changes of renal function and symptoms were observed.Results A total of 27 RAAs in 23 patients were successfully embolized at one time,including 23 narrow-necked RAAs in 19 cases treated with coil embolization and 4 wide-necked RAAs in 4 patients treated with stent-assisted coil embolization.The embolization effect of 20 cases(86.96%)reached Raymond grade Ⅰ,and 3 cases(13.04%)reached gradeⅡ.Postoperative computed tomography angiography(CTA)showed that all parent arteries were patent,the RAA was not visualized,and there was no renal infarction.There was no statistical difference in creatinine values before operation,1 month,6 months and 1 year after operation(P>0.05).In the 12 patients with hypertension,there were statistically significant differences in blood pressure at 1 year after operation compared with preoperative,1 month,and 6 months after operation(P<0.05).The symptoms of low back pain and hematuria disappeared after operation.Conclusion Individualized coil embolization for RAA is safe,effective and worthy of clinical promotion.

Background Arsenic exposure is a common and important environmental and occupational hazardous factor in China, and arsenic-induced insulin resistance (IR) has attracted widespread attention as a negative health outcome to the population. Objective To explore part of the mechanism of hepatic IR induced by arsenic exposure based on the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors γ (PPARγ)/ glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) pathway, and to investigate potential effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) on hepatic IR induced by arsenic exposure and associated mechanism of action. Methods The target of drug action was predicted by network pharmacology and verified by in vivo and in vitro experiments. In vivo experiments: 48 SPF C57BL/6J male mice were divided into 4 groups, including control group, 50 mg·L⁻¹ NaAsO₂ model group (NaAsO₂), 50 mg·L⁻¹ NaAsO₂+10 mg·kg⁻¹ GBE intervene group (NaAsO₂+GBE), and 10 mg·kg⁻¹ GBE group (GBE), 12 mice in each group. The animals were given free access to purified water containing 50 mg·L⁻¹ NaAsO₂, or given intraperitoneal injection of normal saline containing 10 mg·kg⁻¹ GBE once per week. After 6 months of exposure, blood glucose detection, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were performed. Serum and liver tissues were collected after the mice were neutralized, liver histopathological sections were obtained, serum insulin levels, liver tissue glycogen content, glucose content were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the expression of PPARγ and GLUT4 proteins was detected by Western blot (WB). In vitro experiments: HepG2 cells were divided into 4 groups, including control group, 8 μmol·L⁻¹ NaAsO₂ group (NaAsO₂), 8 μmol·L⁻¹ NaAsO₂ + 200 mg·L⁻¹ GBE intervene group (NaAsO₂+GBE), and 200 mg·L⁻¹ GBE group (GBE). The levels of glycogen and glucose were detected by ELISA, and the expression of PPARγ and GLUT4 proteins was detected by WB. Results A strong binding effect between GBE and PPARγ was revealed by network pharmacology. In in vivo experiments, the NaAsO₂ group exhibited an elevated blood glucose compared to the control group, and the NaAsO₂+GBE group showed a decreased blood glucose compared to the NaAsO₂ group (P<0.01). The histopathological sections indicated severe liver structural damage in the arsenic exposure groups (NaAsO₂ group and NaAsO₂+GBE group), with varying staining intensity, partial liver cell necrosis, and diffuse red blood cell appearance. Both results of in vitro and in vivo experiments showed a decrease in glycogen synthesis and glucose uptake in the NaAsO₂ groups compared to the control groups, which was alleviated in the NaAsO₂+GBE group (P<0.01). The results of WB revealed inhibited PPARγ expression and reduced GLUT4 levels on the cell membrane, and all these changes were alleviated in the NaAsO₂+GBE group (P<0.01). Conclusion This study findings suggest that GBE antagonizes arsenic exposure-induced hepatic IR by regulating the PPARγ/GLUT4 pathway, indicating that GBE has a protective effect on arsenic exposure-induced hepatic IR, and PPARγ may be a potential therapeutic target for arsenic exposure-induced hepatic IR.

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) andergoing transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE).Methods:Clinical data of 212 patients with HCC andergoing TACE for the first time in Department of Interventional Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2011 to May 2018 were retrospectively analyzed, including 184 males and 28 females, aged (56.8±11.2) years. Follow-up for survival. X-tile software was used to determine 13.1% as the optimal threshold for preoperative RDW prediction of prognosis, and enrolled patients were divided into a low level group (RDW<13.1%, n=70) and a high level group (RDW≥13.1%, n=142). Aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, albumin, hemoglobin and lipoprotein a, Barcelona clinical liver cancer (BCLC) stage and other indexes were compared between the two groups. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method, survival rate was compared by log-rank test, and the effect of RDW on prognosis was analyzed by Cox regression. Results:The 1-year, 2-year and 3-year cumulative survival rates in RDW high level group were 34.5%, 14.1% and 6.3%, respectively, while those in RDW low level group were 64.3%, 38.6% and 21.4%, respectively, with significant difference ( χ2=23.09, P<0.001). Compared with the low level group, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin were higher, the levels of albumin, hemoglobin and lipoprotein a were lower, the proportion of portal vein cancer thrombin was higher, and the stage of BCLC was later, with statistical significance (all P<0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that HCC patients with RDW≥13.1%( HR=1.732, 95% CI: 1.223-2.452, P=0.002) had poor survival prognosis after TACE. Conclusion:Preoperative RDW≥13.1% is an independent risk factor for survival after TACE in patients with HCC. RDW has potential predictive value for prognosis of patients with HCC.