Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation and neuroinflammation, remains a formidable clinical challenge. Herein, we present an innovative nose-to-brain delivery platform utilizing lactoferrin (Lf)-functionalized lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) co-encapsulating α-mangostin (α-M) and β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) siRNA (siB). This dual-modal therapeutic system synergistically combines the neuroprotective and microglia-reprogramming capabilities of α-M with the transcriptional silencing of BACE1 via siB, thereby simultaneously inhibiting Aβ production and enhancing its clearance. Fabricated via a microfluidic approach, the LNPs exhibited uniform particle size distribution, great encapsulation efficiency, and robust colloidal stability. Upon intranasal administration, Lf-functionalization enabled superior brain-targeting efficacy through receptor-mediated transcytosis. In vitro studies demonstrated that α-M reversed Aβ-induced low-density lipoprotein receptor downregulation, promoting microglial phagocytosis and autophagic degradation of Aβ, while siB effectively suppressed BACE1 expression, abrogating Aβ synthesis. In vivo investigations in APP/PS1 transgenic mice revealed remarkable cognitive recovery, substantial Aβ plaque reduction, and alleviation of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. This intricately designed LNP system, exploiting a non-invasive and efficient nose-to-brain delivery route, provides a biocompatible, synergistic, and transformative therapeutic strategy for the multifaceted management of AD.

Spine fracture and dislocation are common traumatic spinal conditions that often require surgical intervention due to compromised spinal stability. Surgical approaches include anterior, posterior, and combined anterior-posterior spinal procedures. According to the specific surgical requirements, patients may be placed in the prone position or repositioned between prone and supine positions during surgery. Intraoperative repositioning has become an essential step in patient positioning. However, during repositioning, patients with spinal fracture and dislocation are at increased risk for complications such as hemodynamic instability, nerve injury, and pressure injuries to the skin and soft tissue. Notably, due to the instability of the spinal cord, even minor manipulations can further exacerbate the damage, potentially leading to severe outcomes like paraplegia. Although the current clinical guidelines provide instructive recommendations for standard position, there remains no specific protocols for intraoperative repositioning in patients with spine fracture and dislocation. With a concern for the lack of clinical studies on positioning techniques, risk prevention, and operational norms for special patients, no applicable guidelines or standards are available. A consensus was required to provide clinical reference, meet the requirements of surgical treatment, and minimize the safety risks of patients caused by improper placement of positions. Professional Committee of Operating Room Nursing of Shaanxi Nursing Association organized experts in nursing management and operating room nursing from major hospitals across China to formulate Expert consensus on intraoperative repositioning for patients with spinal fracture and dislocation ( version 2025). The consensus provides 11 recommendations covering pre-repositioning preparation, intraoperative maneuvers, and post-repositioning observation, aiming to provide references for clinical standardization of the intraoperative repositioning process and protection of patients′ safety.

Spine fracture and dislocation are common traumatic spinal conditions that often require surgical intervention due to compromised spinal stability. Surgical approaches include anterior, posterior, and combined anterior-posterior spinal procedures. According to the specific surgical requirements, patients may be placed in the prone position or repositioned between prone and supine positions during surgery. Intraoperative repositioning has become an essential step in patient positioning. However, during repositioning, patients with spinal fracture and dislocation are at increased risk for complications such as hemodynamic instability, nerve injury, and pressure injuries to the skin and soft tissue. Notably, due to the instability of the spinal cord, even minor manipulations can further exacerbate the damage, potentially leading to severe outcomes like paraplegia. Although the current clinical guidelines provide instructive recommendations for standard position, there remains no specific protocols for intraoperative repositioning in patients with spine fracture and dislocation. With a concern for the lack of clinical studies on positioning techniques, risk prevention, and operational norms for special patients, no applicable guidelines or standards are available. A consensus was required to provide clinical reference, meet the requirements of surgical treatment, and minimize the safety risks of patients caused by improper placement of positions. Professional Committee of Operating Room Nursing of Shaanxi Nursing Association organized experts in nursing management and operating room nursing from major hospitals across China to formulate Expert consensus on intraoperative repositioning for patients with spinal fracture and dislocation ( version 2025). The consensus provides 11 recommendations covering pre-repositioning preparation, intraoperative maneuvers, and post-repositioning observation, aiming to provide references for clinical standardization of the intraoperative repositioning process and protection of patients′ safety.

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) andergoing transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE).Methods:Clinical data of 212 patients with HCC andergoing TACE for the first time in Department of Interventional Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2011 to May 2018 were retrospectively analyzed, including 184 males and 28 females, aged (56.8±11.2) years. Follow-up for survival. X-tile software was used to determine 13.1% as the optimal threshold for preoperative RDW prediction of prognosis, and enrolled patients were divided into a low level group (RDW<13.1%, n=70) and a high level group (RDW≥13.1%, n=142). Aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, albumin, hemoglobin and lipoprotein a, Barcelona clinical liver cancer (BCLC) stage and other indexes were compared between the two groups. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method, survival rate was compared by log-rank test, and the effect of RDW on prognosis was analyzed by Cox regression. Results:The 1-year, 2-year and 3-year cumulative survival rates in RDW high level group were 34.5%, 14.1% and 6.3%, respectively, while those in RDW low level group were 64.3%, 38.6% and 21.4%, respectively, with significant difference ( χ2=23.09, P<0.001). Compared with the low level group, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin were higher, the levels of albumin, hemoglobin and lipoprotein a were lower, the proportion of portal vein cancer thrombin was higher, and the stage of BCLC was later, with statistical significance (all P<0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that HCC patients with RDW≥13.1%( HR=1.732, 95% CI: 1.223-2.452, P=0.002) had poor survival prognosis after TACE. Conclusion:Preoperative RDW≥13.1% is an independent risk factor for survival after TACE in patients with HCC. RDW has potential predictive value for prognosis of patients with HCC.

The early diagnosis of congenital heart disease is very important. Ultrasound is widely used in the early diagnosis and evaluation of congenital heart disease because of its advantages of non-radiation, non-invasive property and portability.Speckle tracking imaging has the advantages of being free from angle, efficient and accurate, which makes up for some shortcomings of traditional echocardiography. It greatly improves the diagnosis accuracy of fetal congenital heart disease, especially congenital heart disease with outflow tract obstruction.Myocardial strain index and left ventricular torsion can more accurately evaluate myocardial function,help to judge prognosis, choose the time of operation and assist perioperative management. Blood speck tracking helps identify different blood flow patterns and may become an important diagnostic tool for the diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart disease.

Objective:To investigate the clinical application of three-point wiring localization in mandibular angle osteotomy.Methods:A total of 180 patients with mandibular angle long curve osteotomy were selected in Sichuan Friendship Hospital from July 2021 to April 2022, aged 19-45 (mean age 26.0±10.0) years, including 30 males and 150 females. Preoperative bilateral mandible was symmetry as CT showed, and all of them undergo operation of mandibular angle long curve osteotomy by using three-point wiring localization method under tracheal intubation general anesthesia.Results:Bilateral osteotomy bone of mandibular angle was basically symmetrical in all patients, the arc of osteotomy was good, and there were no obvious complications after surgery. The postoperative follow-up was 3-12 months, and all cases had good postoperative face contour and bilateral symmetry.Conclusions:Using three-point wiring localization method at operation of long curve mandibular angle osteotomy can ensure bilateral symmetry, accuracy and safety of the osteotomy.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between heart rate variability(HRV), deceleration capacity(DC) and cardiovascular metabolic disease(CMD) in children and adolescents with normal weight obesity(NWO).Methods:A total of 200 children and adolescents aged 6-17 who underwent normal physical examination in Chengdu Women′s and Children′s Central Hospital from December 2022 to June 2023 were included in this retrospective case-control study.They were divided into the NWO group, normal weight lean(NWL) group, and overweight-obesity(OW-OB) group according to their body mass index(BMI) and body fat percentage(BF%).Fifty children were enrolled into the NWO group; fifty-one children were enrolled into the NWL group; and 99 children were enrolled into the OW-OB group.All the subjects received 24-hour heart monitoring, and their HRV indexes, such as the standard deviation of N-N interval in normal sinus(SDNN), the standard deviation of the mean value N-N intervals every 5-minute(SDANN), the mean of the standard deviations of all N-N intervals for each 5-minute segment of 24 hours(SDNNindex), the root mean square of successive N-N interval difference(rMSSD), the proportion of N-N 50(the successive N-N interval differences>50 ms) in the total number of N-N intervals(pNN50), and DC were automatically calculated.Blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and blood lipids were measured, and the cardiometabolic risk score(CRS) was obtained through the accumulation of relevant factors.The general data, SDNN, SDANN, SDNNindex, rMSSD, pNN50, DC and CRS of the three groups were compared by variance analysis.Spearman correlation and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors affecting CRS.Results:There was no significant difference in age, gender and other general information among the three groups(all P>0.05).SDNN in the NWO, NWL, and OW-OB groups were(120.88±16.36) ms, (129.07±16.36) ms, and(109.29±16.38) ms, respectively( F=26.231, P<0.001); SDANN were(64.44±11.61) ms, (66.25±8.34) ms, and(61.70±6.85) ms, respectively( F=5.048, P=0.007); rMSSD were(27.02±3.87) ms, (27.51±5.92) ms, and(25.12±6.78) ms, respectively( F=3.328, P=0.038); pNN50 were(12.62±4.04)%, (13.39±2.26)%, and(11.22±2.93)%, respectively( F=9.099, P<0.001); DC were(4.83±0.20) ms, (4.94±0.33) ms, and(4.63±0.28) ms, respectively( F=23.496, P<0.001)and CRS was 0.94±0.87, 0.69±0.19 and 1.57±1.07, respectively( P<0.01).The differences between the three groups were statistically significant.Spearman correlation analysis showed that BMI( r=0.211, P=0.003) and BF%( r=0.558, P<0.001) were significantly positively correlated with CRS, while SDNN( r=-0.258, P<0.001) and DC( r=-0.499, P<0.001) were significantly negatively correlated with CRS.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that BF%(95% CI: 0.098-0.265, P<0.001) and DC(95% CI: -3.962--1.391, P<0.001) were independent risk factors for predicting CMD. Conclusions:Increased BF% and decreased DC are independent risk factors for CMD.Analysis of body composition and HRV in children and adolescents can help to identify potentially high-risk groups more accurately, intervene early, and reduce the risk of CMD.

AIM:To investigate the effects of cigarette smoke exposure during adolescence on the inflammato-ry response mediated by microglia in the prefrontal cortex of mice,and its impact on learning and memory functions in adulthood.METHODS:72 two-week-old healthy male Kunming mice,with each weighing(11.0±1.5)g,were random-ly divided into control and cigarette exposure groups(n=36 per group).The mice in the cigarette exposure group were pas-sively exposed to 6 cigarettes daily for 10 weeks.At three time points of 4-week-old(infancy),8-week-old(adoles-cence),and 12-week-old(adulthood),six mice were selected from each group to have their neurobehavioral and patholog-ical changes examined.In particular,the step-down test,three-chamber social interaction test,and novel object recogni-tion test were used to detect changes in learning and memory abilities and cognitive behavior.Immunofluorescence testing was performed to detect the morphology,number of synapses,and expression of inflammatory factor apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD(ASC)around the microglial cells in the prefrontal cortex of mice in each group.Western blot was performed to assess the expression levels of synaptophysin(SYP)and postsynaptic density protein-95(PSD-95)in the cerebral cortex of mice in each group.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was performed to detect the protein expression of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin 1β(IL-1β),and IL-6 in the prefrontal cor-tex.RESULTS:(1)In the step-down test,the latency of mice at 8 and 12 weeks of age was significantly shortened,and the number of errors was significantly increased in the cigarette exposure group compared with the age-matched control group(P＜0.01).In addition,the social recognition time and exploration time for novel objects were prolonged(P＜0.05).(2)Immunofluorescence assays revealed that exposure to cigarette smoke in mice,at both 8 and 12 weeks of age,resulted in a reduction of SYP-positive puncta within the prefrontal cortex.Concurrently,there was an observed increase in the number of Iba1-positive microglia,which exhibited an activated phenotype,as well as an elevation in ASC-positive puncta in proximity to the microglia.Western blot further revealed reduced expression of synaptophysin protein SYP and PSD-95 in the cerebral cortex of the mice at 8 and 12 weeks of age in the cigarette exposure group(P＜0.05).(3)ELISA showed increased levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 in the prefrontal cortex of the mice at 8 and 12 weeks of age in the cigarette exposure group(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:Exposure to cigarette smoke during adoles-cence in mice may result in the enhanced secretion of inflammatory factors through the activation of microglia in the pre-frontal cortex.This activation can alter microglial function and induce synaptic damage,consequently impairing learning,memory,and cognitive abilities in adulthood.

AIM:To investigate the effects of cigarette smoke exposure during adolescence on the inflammato-ry response mediated by microglia in the prefrontal cortex of mice,and its impact on learning and memory functions in adulthood.METHODS:72 two-week-old healthy male Kunming mice,with each weighing(11.0±1.5)g,were random-ly divided into control and cigarette exposure groups(n=36 per group).The mice in the cigarette exposure group were pas-sively exposed to 6 cigarettes daily for 10 weeks.At three time points of 4-week-old(infancy),8-week-old(adoles-cence),and 12-week-old(adulthood),six mice were selected from each group to have their neurobehavioral and patholog-ical changes examined.In particular,the step-down test,three-chamber social interaction test,and novel object recogni-tion test were used to detect changes in learning and memory abilities and cognitive behavior.Immunofluorescence testing was performed to detect the morphology,number of synapses,and expression of inflammatory factor apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD(ASC)around the microglial cells in the prefrontal cortex of mice in each group.Western blot was performed to assess the expression levels of synaptophysin(SYP)and postsynaptic density protein-95(PSD-95)in the cerebral cortex of mice in each group.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was performed to detect the protein expression of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin 1β(IL-1β),and IL-6 in the prefrontal cor-tex.RESULTS:(1)In the step-down test,the latency of mice at 8 and 12 weeks of age was significantly shortened,and the number of errors was significantly increased in the cigarette exposure group compared with the age-matched control group(P＜0.01).In addition,the social recognition time and exploration time for novel objects were prolonged(P＜0.05).(2)Immunofluorescence assays revealed that exposure to cigarette smoke in mice,at both 8 and 12 weeks of age,resulted in a reduction of SYP-positive puncta within the prefrontal cortex.Concurrently,there was an observed increase in the number of Iba1-positive microglia,which exhibited an activated phenotype,as well as an elevation in ASC-positive puncta in proximity to the microglia.Western blot further revealed reduced expression of synaptophysin protein SYP and PSD-95 in the cerebral cortex of the mice at 8 and 12 weeks of age in the cigarette exposure group(P＜0.05).(3)ELISA showed increased levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 in the prefrontal cortex of the mice at 8 and 12 weeks of age in the cigarette exposure group(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:Exposure to cigarette smoke during adoles-cence in mice may result in the enhanced secretion of inflammatory factors through the activation of microglia in the pre-frontal cortex.This activation can alter microglial function and induce synaptic damage,consequently impairing learning,memory,and cognitive abilities in adulthood.

Objective:To explore a simple and effective clinical method for improving facial sagging while performing maxillofacial contouring surgery.Methods:From October 2020 to October 2021, 50 patients with mandibular angle and malar surgery in the Plastic Surgery Department of Sichuan Friendship Hospital were selected, aged 30-43 years, with the average age of 37 years, including 44 females and 6 males. Maxillofacial contouring surgery was performed under transnasal intubation general anesthesia, the interorgual jaw groove incision was performed with a swing saw for bilateral long arc osteotomy, and the maxillary gingival groove incision and sideburn skin incision were performed for zygomatic osteotomy reduction and zygomatic arch incision. A small incision about 3 mm long was taken 1 cm from the edge of the temporal hair; a special conical cannula stripper was used to perform subcutaneous tunnel peeling to the zygomatic fat pad and masseter muscle ligament, anterior appendage ligament, then a two-way barb line was placed through the casing to lift vertically upwards, pierce above the posterior papillae of the ear, and the excess thread was cut off.Results:Following-up for 3-12 months, all recipients recovered well after surgery, the skin of the middle and lower parts of the postoperative body was lifted to varying degrees, the cheek fat pad was lifted, the jaw contour line was clearer, and the nasolabial fold was significantly improved as compared with that before the operation.Conclusions:At the same time as facial contouring surgery, the use of minimally invasive tunnel separation and lifting technique can effectively improve the skin sagging in the middle and lower parts, and it is simple and effective, and the clinical application effect is good.