Gentianopsis barbata (G. barbata) represents a significant plant species with considerable ornamental and medicinal value in China. This investigation sought to elucidate the primary constituents within the plant and investigate their pharmacological properties. Fifty triterpenoids (1-50), including nine previously undescribed compounds (1, 2, 7, 10, 20, 28, 29, 37, and 41) were isolated and characterized from the whole plants of G. barbata. Notably, compounds 1 and 2 exhibited the novel 3,4;9,10-diseco-24-homo-cycloartane triterpenoid skeleton. The isolated triterpenoids demonstrated substantial anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) cytokine secretion in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages, and hepatoprotective effects by preventing tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative injury in HepG2 cells. These results demonstrate both the presence of diverse triterpenoids in G. barbata and their therapeutic potential for inflammatory and hepatic conditions, providing scientific evidence supporting the clinical application of this traditional Mongolian medicinal plant.
Triterpenes/isolation & purification* ; Mice ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/isolation & purification* ; Animals ; Humans ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Hep G2 Cells ; Interleukin-6/genetics* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics* ; Medicine, Mongolian Traditional ; Macrophages/immunology* ; Protective Agents/isolation & purification* ; Liver/drug effects* ; Gentianaceae/chemistry* ; Plant Extracts/chemistry* ; Molecular Structure

Objective:To investigate the correlation between peri-coronary fat attenuation index (FAI) and plaque formation in patients with myocardial bridge (MB) of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and to develop an optimal predictive model to explore the potential application of FAI in the primary prevention of MB related atherosclerosis.Methods:In this retrospective study, prediction models associated with perivascular fat inflammation were developed and validated using both logistic regression and machine learning (ML) algorithm. A training dataset was collected from 253 patients who underwent ≥2 coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) with ≥3 months intervals from one tertiary hospital from January 2007 to April 2021 and had baseline CCTA showing no plaques in LAD MB. The median follow-up time was 3.2 years. According to the same criteria, a total of 75 LAD MB patients from four other hospitals were included to form an independent external validation dataset, with a median follow-up time of 1.8 years. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis with integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) and category net reclassification index (NRI) were used to compare the performance of the predictive models.Results:62 patients (24.5%) in the training dataset had proximal plaque formation in LAD MB, while 22 patients (29.3%) in the external validation dataset had plaque formation during the follow-up period. Baseline FAI within the longitudinal distance equal to 30 mm proximal to the MB entrance was an independent predictor ( OR=1.068, P=0.046). According to the model results, ROC curves were plotted. The AUC of Model 1 was 0.822, and the AUCs of Model 2 and 1 were 0.821 and 0.591 in the training dataset. After the DeLong test, the AUC of Model 1 was superior to that of Model 2 ( Z=2.839, P=0.005) and Model 1 ( Z=6.124, P<0.001). These findings were further validated in the external validation dataset, where ML-model 3 yielded the best predictive performance, outperforming the logistic regression-based Model 2 (categorical NRI=0.359, P=0.048; IDI=0.108, P=0.046). Conclusion:FAI measured within the 30 mm proximal to the entrance of MBs due to its prone to plaque development is an independent predictor for atherosclerotic plaque formation. The ML-prediction model based on a decision tree algorithm combines FAI, MB anatomical features, and patient risk factors, which is beneficial for patients undergoing routine CCTA examination to identify inflamed coronary arteries in advance and guide the clinical adoption of more targeted preventive treatment, including anti-inflammatory treatment.

Objective To compare the effects of Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides,cyclophosphamide,and cisplatin on the establishment of a mouse model of diminished ovarian reserve(DOR).Methods Mice were randomly divided into the following treatment groups:control(Ctrl),Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides(TWP),cyclophosphamide(CTX),and cisplatin(DDP).Mice in the TWP group received a 50 mg/kg suspension of Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides by gavage for 14 days,mice in the CTX group received a 20 mg/kg cyclophosphamide suspension by intraperitoneal injection for 14 days,and mice in the DDP group received a 1.5 mg/kg cisplatin solution by intraperitoneal injection for 14 days.The body weight,uterine index,and ovarian index were recorded,the estrous cycle was monitored using the vaginal smear method,and the levels of anti-Mullerian hormone(AMH),estradiol(E2),follicle stimulating hormone(FSH),and luteinizing hormone(LH)were detected using ELISA.Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to detect ovarian follicle development.The rates of oocyte maturation and fertility were analyzed.Results The three treatment groups of mice all showed the following:significantly decreased body weight and ovarian index(P＜0.05);apparent disorder of the estrous cycle;significantly decreased levels of AMH and E2(P＜0.05);decreased and increased rates of developing follicles and atretic follicles,respectively(P＜0.05);and significantly decreased rates of oocyte maturation,pregnancy,and live birth(P＜0.05).Conclusions DOR mouse models were successfully constructed using Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides,cyclophosphamide,or cisplatin,as evidenced by decreased body weight and ovarian index,disordered estrous cycle and hormones,and DOR function,resulting in reduced rates of oocyte maturation,pregnancy,and total number of live births.These DOR effects were most appropriate in the cyclophosphamide group.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between peri-coronary fat attenuation index (FAI) and plaque formation in patients with myocardial bridge (MB) of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and to develop an optimal predictive model to explore the potential application of FAI in the primary prevention of MB related atherosclerosis.Methods:In this retrospective study, prediction models associated with perivascular fat inflammation were developed and validated using both logistic regression and machine learning (ML) algorithm. A training dataset was collected from 253 patients who underwent ≥2 coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) with ≥3 months intervals from one tertiary hospital from January 2007 to April 2021 and had baseline CCTA showing no plaques in LAD MB. The median follow-up time was 3.2 years. According to the same criteria, a total of 75 LAD MB patients from four other hospitals were included to form an independent external validation dataset, with a median follow-up time of 1.8 years. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis with integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) and category net reclassification index (NRI) were used to compare the performance of the predictive models.Results:62 patients (24.5%) in the training dataset had proximal plaque formation in LAD MB, while 22 patients (29.3%) in the external validation dataset had plaque formation during the follow-up period. Baseline FAI within the longitudinal distance equal to 30 mm proximal to the MB entrance was an independent predictor ( OR=1.068, P=0.046). According to the model results, ROC curves were plotted. The AUC of Model 1 was 0.822, and the AUCs of Model 2 and 1 were 0.821 and 0.591 in the training dataset. After the DeLong test, the AUC of Model 1 was superior to that of Model 2 ( Z=2.839, P=0.005) and Model 1 ( Z=6.124, P<0.001). These findings were further validated in the external validation dataset, where ML-model 3 yielded the best predictive performance, outperforming the logistic regression-based Model 2 (categorical NRI=0.359, P=0.048; IDI=0.108, P=0.046). Conclusion:FAI measured within the 30 mm proximal to the entrance of MBs due to its prone to plaque development is an independent predictor for atherosclerotic plaque formation. The ML-prediction model based on a decision tree algorithm combines FAI, MB anatomical features, and patient risk factors, which is beneficial for patients undergoing routine CCTA examination to identify inflamed coronary arteries in advance and guide the clinical adoption of more targeted preventive treatment, including anti-inflammatory treatment.

Objective To compare the effects of Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides,cyclophosphamide,and cisplatin on the establishment of a mouse model of diminished ovarian reserve(DOR).Methods Mice were randomly divided into the following treatment groups:control(Ctrl),Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides(TWP),cyclophosphamide(CTX),and cisplatin(DDP).Mice in the TWP group received a 50 mg/kg suspension of Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides by gavage for 14 days,mice in the CTX group received a 20 mg/kg cyclophosphamide suspension by intraperitoneal injection for 14 days,and mice in the DDP group received a 1.5 mg/kg cisplatin solution by intraperitoneal injection for 14 days.The body weight,uterine index,and ovarian index were recorded,the estrous cycle was monitored using the vaginal smear method,and the levels of anti-Mullerian hormone(AMH),estradiol(E2),follicle stimulating hormone(FSH),and luteinizing hormone(LH)were detected using ELISA.Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to detect ovarian follicle development.The rates of oocyte maturation and fertility were analyzed.Results The three treatment groups of mice all showed the following:significantly decreased body weight and ovarian index(P＜0.05);apparent disorder of the estrous cycle;significantly decreased levels of AMH and E2(P＜0.05);decreased and increased rates of developing follicles and atretic follicles,respectively(P＜0.05);and significantly decreased rates of oocyte maturation,pregnancy,and live birth(P＜0.05).Conclusions DOR mouse models were successfully constructed using Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides,cyclophosphamide,or cisplatin,as evidenced by decreased body weight and ovarian index,disordered estrous cycle and hormones,and DOR function,resulting in reduced rates of oocyte maturation,pregnancy,and total number of live births.These DOR effects were most appropriate in the cyclophosphamide group.

The influence of bed sharing on children′s physical and psychological health has been concerned as one of the main types of sleep arrangements.At present, there are significant differences in bed sharing among children of different ages, groups, regions and races.There are also studies on the impact of bed sharing sleep on children′s health, on the one hand, it is conducive to breastfeeding, where infants get enough security; on the other hand, it leads to an increase in the incidence of sudden infant death syndrome, and an increase in the number of night awakenings.Therefore, it is important to understand the current research situation of bed sharing and its influences on children, thus to better promote children healthy growth.

The arm span is the sum of the length of the arm and the width of the chest.It is highly correlated with height and can be used as an accurate and reliable alternative measure to estimate height.The arm span/height ratio reflects the relationship between long bones and the trunk and can be used to evaluate the body proportion.A correct understanding of the development patterns and characteristics of arm span can help pediatricians to find the deviation of body proportion in time, which is of great significance to the etiological analysis of short stature.

Objective To analyze the clinical application value of cinematic rendering(CR)reconstruction technology in acute aortic dissection(AAD),and to compare the imaging quality between CR and volume rendering(VR)reconstruction.Methods Patients with suspected A AD who underwent aortic computed tomography angiography(CTA)were analyzed retrospectively.All images were uploaded to Siemens Syngo.via post-processing workstation for VR and CR three-dimensional reconstruction,respectively.The optimized view angle,staining and transparency were selected and segmented by a radiologist to display the lesion to the full extent.All subjective evaluations of post-processing images were randomly evaluated on Siemens Syngo.via post-processing workstation by two radiologists.The two radiologists reached a consensus after consultation,and the results without consensus were evaluated by another senior radiologist.The 3-point scale was used in the subjective evaluation of post-processing images.The scores of rupture,endometrium,and true and false cavity were recorded.The diagnostic confidence was also recorded.Results A total of 21 ADD patients were enrolled,11 patients(52.3％)were Debakey Ⅲ type.The scores of rupture in CR and VR reconstruction were 2.952 points and 2.619 points,respectively,which had significant difference(P=0.016).For the endometrium of AAD,the score of all 21 patients in the CR reconstruction was 3 points,while only 7 patients(33.3％)in the VR reconstruction had 3 points,which showed significant difference between the both(P＜0.001).For the true and false cavity of AAD,only 1 patient(4.8％)in the VR reconstruction was 3 points,while all 21 patients in the CR reconstruction had 3 points(P＜0.001).The scores of CR reconstruction on the diagnostic confidence were significantly higher than those of VR reconstruction(P＜0.001).Conclusion CR reconstruction can provide photorealistic anatomical post-processing images,and can improve the display and evaluation of AAD.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiology, and infant outcomes of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) in Beijing.Methods:This retrospective study involved cases diagnosed with CDH among 877 230 fetuses/infants monitored by the Beijing Birth Defects Monitoring System from January 2018 to December 2022. Data on the occurrence of CDH, prenatal diagnosis, and infant mortality were analyzed. The statistical method was the Chi-square test (or Fisher's exact test). Results:(1) A total of 254 CDH cases were included in this study. During the study period, the incidence of CDH throughout the pregnancy and the perinatal period was 0.29 per thousand (254/877 230) and 0.17 per thousand (153/877 230), respectively. (2) Among the 254 cases, 79 (31.1%) underwent prenatal genetic diagnosis, 6.3%(5/79) copy number varations were detected, including one case of like pathogenic and four cases with types of variation unreported. The proportions of prenatal genetic diagnosis from 2018 to 2022 showed no statistically significant difference ( χ2trend=2.86, P=0.091). The gestational age at prenatal diagnosis for 241 cases was (23.0±6.4) weeks, ranging from 13 to 38 weeks; 130 cases (53.9%) were diagnosed before 25 weeks of gestation. The proportion of genetic diagnosis was higher in the group diagnosed by ultrasound before 25 weeks (43.1%, 56/130) compared to the group diagnosed at or after 25 weeks (20.7%, 23/111) ( χ2=12.59, P<0.001). (3) A total of 146 live births were recorded, with the proportion of continuing pregnancy to live birth after prenatal diagnosis being 55.2% (133/241), with no significant difference across the years. The proportion of continuing pregnancy to live birth after prenatal diagnosis in the isolated CDH group was 64.5% (100/155), higher than the 38.3% (33/86) in the non-isolated group ( χ2=15.57, P<0.001). The live birth rate for those diagnosed prenatally at<25 weeks of gestation (26.2%, 34/130) was lower than for those diagnosed at≥25 weeks of gestation (89.2%, 99/111) ( χ2=93.67, P<0.001). (4) Among the 146 live-born infants, 28 (19.2%) died during infancy. All 28 cases were prenatally diagnosed with CDH. The mortality rate of CDH infants born in tertiary obstetric institutions (17.9%, 24/134) showed a trend towards being lower than that in secondary institutions (4/12), but the difference was not statistically significant (Fisher's exact test, P=0.245). Among the 118 surviving infants, seven were abandoned from treatment, and of the remaining 111, 104 (93.7%) were treated at the Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics. The infant mortality rate at this institution (15.4%, 16/104) showed a trend towards being lower than that at other institutions (3/7), but the difference was not statistically significant (Fisher's exact test, P=0.096). The infant mortality rate for those diagnosed prenatally at<25 weeks of gestation (38.2%, 13/34) was higher than for those diagnosed at≥25 weeks of gestation (15.2%, 15/99) ( χ2=6.78, P=0.009). Conclusions:Beijing achieved good secondary and tertiary prevention outcomes in prenatal diagnosis and reducing infant mortality. The concentration of neonatal surgical resources is beneficial for accumulating surgical experience and reducing infant mortality.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiology, and infant outcomes of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) in Beijing.Methods:This retrospective study involved cases diagnosed with CDH among 877 230 fetuses/infants monitored by the Beijing Birth Defects Monitoring System from January 2018 to December 2022. Data on the occurrence of CDH, prenatal diagnosis, and infant mortality were analyzed. The statistical method was the Chi-square test (or Fisher's exact test). Results:(1) A total of 254 CDH cases were included in this study. During the study period, the incidence of CDH throughout the pregnancy and the perinatal period was 0.29 per thousand (254/877 230) and 0.17 per thousand (153/877 230), respectively. (2) Among the 254 cases, 79 (31.1%) underwent prenatal genetic diagnosis, 6.3%(5/79) copy number varations were detected, including one case of like pathogenic and four cases with types of variation unreported. The proportions of prenatal genetic diagnosis from 2018 to 2022 showed no statistically significant difference ( χ2trend=2.86, P=0.091). The gestational age at prenatal diagnosis for 241 cases was (23.0±6.4) weeks, ranging from 13 to 38 weeks; 130 cases (53.9%) were diagnosed before 25 weeks of gestation. The proportion of genetic diagnosis was higher in the group diagnosed by ultrasound before 25 weeks (43.1%, 56/130) compared to the group diagnosed at or after 25 weeks (20.7%, 23/111) ( χ2=12.59, P<0.001). (3) A total of 146 live births were recorded, with the proportion of continuing pregnancy to live birth after prenatal diagnosis being 55.2% (133/241), with no significant difference across the years. The proportion of continuing pregnancy to live birth after prenatal diagnosis in the isolated CDH group was 64.5% (100/155), higher than the 38.3% (33/86) in the non-isolated group ( χ2=15.57, P<0.001). The live birth rate for those diagnosed prenatally at<25 weeks of gestation (26.2%, 34/130) was lower than for those diagnosed at≥25 weeks of gestation (89.2%, 99/111) ( χ2=93.67, P<0.001). (4) Among the 146 live-born infants, 28 (19.2%) died during infancy. All 28 cases were prenatally diagnosed with CDH. The mortality rate of CDH infants born in tertiary obstetric institutions (17.9%, 24/134) showed a trend towards being lower than that in secondary institutions (4/12), but the difference was not statistically significant (Fisher's exact test, P=0.245). Among the 118 surviving infants, seven were abandoned from treatment, and of the remaining 111, 104 (93.7%) were treated at the Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics. The infant mortality rate at this institution (15.4%, 16/104) showed a trend towards being lower than that at other institutions (3/7), but the difference was not statistically significant (Fisher's exact test, P=0.096). The infant mortality rate for those diagnosed prenatally at<25 weeks of gestation (38.2%, 13/34) was higher than for those diagnosed at≥25 weeks of gestation (15.2%, 15/99) ( χ2=6.78, P=0.009). Conclusions:Beijing achieved good secondary and tertiary prevention outcomes in prenatal diagnosis and reducing infant mortality. The concentration of neonatal surgical resources is beneficial for accumulating surgical experience and reducing infant mortality.