Objective To explore the value of deep learning image reconstruction(DLIR)by comparing subjective and objec-tive evaluation of DLIR and adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction(ASIR-V)images in gastric cancer CT.Methods Abdominal CT images in the venous phase of 80 untreated patients with primary gastric cancer were included,and five CT reconstruction meth-ods of 50％ASIR-V,80％ASIR-V,DLIR-low(DLIR-L),DLIR-medium(DLIR-M)and DLIR-high(DLIR-H)were adopted,respec-tively.The objective evaluation included background standard deviation(SD),signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)values and pericancerous fat density resolution.The subjective evaluation included SD,overall image quality,the display of gastric cancer lesions,and diagnostic confidence in whether the serosal surface of the gastric wall was infiltrated.Results The subjective and objective evalua-tion indicators showed statistically significant differences among the five reconstruction models(P＜0.001).In terms of objective evalua-tion,the SD value of gastric cancer lesions in the DLIR-H was the lowest,while the SNR and CNR values were the highest among the five groups.In terms of subjective evaluation,the DLIR-M had the highest scores in gastric cancer lesions display,overall image quality and diagnostic confidence among the five groups.Conclusion Compared with ASIR-V,DLIR can significantly reduce image noise and improve image quality,and DLIR-M and DLIR-H are respectively the optimal subjective and objective reconstruction models for showing gastric cancer lesions.

BACKGROUND:A large number of studies have shown that neurodegenerative diseases are closely related to oxidative stress injury and the imbalance of mitochondrial dynamics.Lycium barbarum polysaccharides have a neuroprotective effect.However,it is not clear whether lycium barbarum polysaccharides can ameliorate apoptosis induced by oxidative stress injury by regulating abnormal mitochondrial dynamics.OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of lycium barbarum polysaccharides on apoptosis induced by H2O2 in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells.METHODS:SH-SY5Y cells were cultured in three groups.The control group was cultured for 24 hours.The hydrogen peroxide group was treated with H2O2 for 24 hours,and the lycium barbarum polysaccharide group was treated with lycium barbarum polysaccharide for 2 hours and then treated with H2O2 for 24 hours.After treatment,the levels of malondialdehyde,glutathione,and superoxide dismutase in the precipitation of the cells were detected by kit.Mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by JC-1 kit.Cell viability was detected by MTT assay.Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL.The expression levels of mitochondrial dynamics-related proteins (phosphorylated promoter protein 1,mitochondrial fission protein 1,mitochondrial fusion protein 1,mitochondrial fusion protein 2,and optic atrophy protein 1) and apoptotic proteins (Bax,Bcl-2,and Caspase-3) were detected by immunofluorescence staining and western blot assay.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Compared with the control group,the levels of malondialdehyde were increased (P<0.05),and the levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione were decreased (P<0.05) in the H2O2 group.Compared with the H2O2 group,the malondialdehyde level was decreased (P<0.05),and the superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels were increased (P<0.05) in the lycium barbarum polysaccharide group.(2) The mitochondrial membrane potential in the H2O2 group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05),and that of lycium barbarum polysaccharide group was higher than that of the H2O2 group (P<0.05).(3) Compared with the control group,the apoptosis rate and the expression of Bax and Caspase-3 protein were increased (P<0.05),while the cell viability and the expression of Bcl-2 protein were decreased (P<0.05) in the H2O2 group.Compared with the H2O2 group,the apoptosis rate and the expression of Bax and Caspase-3 protein were decreased (P<0.05),while the cell viability and the expression of Bcl-2 protein were increased (P<0.05) in the lycium barbarum polysaccharide group.(4) Compared with the control group,the protein expression levels of phosphorylated promoter protein 1 and mitochondrial fission protein 1 were increased (P<0.05),and the protein expression levels of mitochondrial fusion protein 1,mitochondrial fusion protein 2,and optic atrophy protein 1 were decreased (P<0.05) in the H2O2 group.Compared with the H2O2 group,the protein expression levels of phosphorylated promoter protein 1 and mitochondrial fission protein 1 were decreased (P<0.05),and the protein expression levels of mitochondrial fusion protein 1,mitochondrial fusion protein 2,and optic atrophy protein 1 were increased (P<0.05) in the lycium barbarum polysaccharide group.(5) These results indicate that lycium barbarum polysaccharide can improve SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis caused by oxidative stress damage by regulating mitochondrial dynamics.

Objective To explore the value of deep learning image reconstruction(DLIR)by comparing subjective and objec-tive evaluation of DLIR and adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction(ASIR-V)images in gastric cancer CT.Methods Abdominal CT images in the venous phase of 80 untreated patients with primary gastric cancer were included,and five CT reconstruction meth-ods of 50％ASIR-V,80％ASIR-V,DLIR-low(DLIR-L),DLIR-medium(DLIR-M)and DLIR-high(DLIR-H)were adopted,respec-tively.The objective evaluation included background standard deviation(SD),signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)values and pericancerous fat density resolution.The subjective evaluation included SD,overall image quality,the display of gastric cancer lesions,and diagnostic confidence in whether the serosal surface of the gastric wall was infiltrated.Results The subjective and objective evalua-tion indicators showed statistically significant differences among the five reconstruction models(P＜0.001).In terms of objective evalua-tion,the SD value of gastric cancer lesions in the DLIR-H was the lowest,while the SNR and CNR values were the highest among the five groups.In terms of subjective evaluation,the DLIR-M had the highest scores in gastric cancer lesions display,overall image quality and diagnostic confidence among the five groups.Conclusion Compared with ASIR-V,DLIR can significantly reduce image noise and improve image quality,and DLIR-M and DLIR-H are respectively the optimal subjective and objective reconstruction models for showing gastric cancer lesions.

Objective To investigate the utility of dual-energy computed tomography(DECT)virtual non-contrast(VNC)images instead of true non-contrast(TNC)images in the quantitative analysis of emphysema.Methods A retrospective selection was con-ducted on 59 patients who underwent chest CT plain scan plus dual-phase enhanced scan on APEX-CT.VNC images of arterial phase(VNCart)and venous phase(VNCven)were generated on AW4.7 workstation.Volume CT dose index(CTDIvol)and dose length product(DLP)were recorded respectively.In a double-blind manner,two physicians graded the severity of each patient's emphysema according to the Fleischner Society's emphysema visual classification system.The"digital lung"detection and analysis platform was used to quantitatively measure emphysema at three thresholds(-950 HU,-930 HU and-910 HU),and the difference in meas-urement results between VNC images and TNC images was compared.Quantitative differences in low attenuation volume(LAV),percentage of low attenuation area(LAA%)and mean lung density(MLD)at the-950 HU threshold were compared using Bland-Altman plots.Results Using TNC images as the standard,there was no significant difference in the results of the visual classifica-tion evaluation of emphysema between TNC and VNC images(χ2=2.80,P=0.247).In quantitative measurement,there was no significant difference in total lung volume(TLV)(χ2=3.26,P=0.196)between the three groups images.Compared to TNC ima-ges,there were no statistically significant differences in LAV,LAA%and MLD of VNCven images at 15th percentile lung density(Perc 15%)and different thresholds(P>0.05).Compared to the TNC mode,the VNC mode could reduce the effective dose(ED)by approximately 32.6%.Conclusion The use of DECT VNCven images on chest has the potential to replace TNC for the quantitative analysis of emphysema,thereby streamlining scans and reducing radiation dose.

BACKGROUND:A large number of studies have shown that neurodegenerative diseases are closely related to oxidative stress injury and the imbalance of mitochondrial dynamics.Lycium barbarum polysaccharides have a neuroprotective effect.However,it is not clear whether lycium barbarum polysaccharides can ameliorate apoptosis induced by oxidative stress injury by regulating abnormal mitochondrial dynamics.OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of lycium barbarum polysaccharides on apoptosis induced by H2O2 in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells.METHODS:SH-SY5Y cells were cultured in three groups.The control group was cultured for 24 hours.The hydrogen peroxide group was treated with H2O2 for 24 hours,and the lycium barbarum polysaccharide group was treated with lycium barbarum polysaccharide for 2 hours and then treated with H2O2 for 24 hours.After treatment,the levels of malondialdehyde,glutathione,and superoxide dismutase in the precipitation of the cells were detected by kit.Mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by JC-1 kit.Cell viability was detected by MTT assay.Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL.The expression levels of mitochondrial dynamics-related proteins (phosphorylated promoter protein 1,mitochondrial fission protein 1,mitochondrial fusion protein 1,mitochondrial fusion protein 2,and optic atrophy protein 1) and apoptotic proteins (Bax,Bcl-2,and Caspase-3) were detected by immunofluorescence staining and western blot assay.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Compared with the control group,the levels of malondialdehyde were increased (P<0.05),and the levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione were decreased (P<0.05) in the H2O2 group.Compared with the H2O2 group,the malondialdehyde level was decreased (P<0.05),and the superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels were increased (P<0.05) in the lycium barbarum polysaccharide group.(2) The mitochondrial membrane potential in the H2O2 group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05),and that of lycium barbarum polysaccharide group was higher than that of the H2O2 group (P<0.05).(3) Compared with the control group,the apoptosis rate and the expression of Bax and Caspase-3 protein were increased (P<0.05),while the cell viability and the expression of Bcl-2 protein were decreased (P<0.05) in the H2O2 group.Compared with the H2O2 group,the apoptosis rate and the expression of Bax and Caspase-3 protein were decreased (P<0.05),while the cell viability and the expression of Bcl-2 protein were increased (P<0.05) in the lycium barbarum polysaccharide group.(4) Compared with the control group,the protein expression levels of phosphorylated promoter protein 1 and mitochondrial fission protein 1 were increased (P<0.05),and the protein expression levels of mitochondrial fusion protein 1,mitochondrial fusion protein 2,and optic atrophy protein 1 were decreased (P<0.05) in the H2O2 group.Compared with the H2O2 group,the protein expression levels of phosphorylated promoter protein 1 and mitochondrial fission protein 1 were decreased (P<0.05),and the protein expression levels of mitochondrial fusion protein 1,mitochondrial fusion protein 2,and optic atrophy protein 1 were increased (P<0.05) in the lycium barbarum polysaccharide group.(5) These results indicate that lycium barbarum polysaccharide can improve SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis caused by oxidative stress damage by regulating mitochondrial dynamics.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between expression of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) in hormone receptor (HR) -positive breast cancer tissues and clinicopathological characteristics and axillary lymph node metastasis.Methods:The clinical data of 202 patients with breast cancer in Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital were retrospectively analyzed from Mar. 2021 to Mar. 2023. The expression of SPARC protein in the lesion tissues of all subjects at admission was detected by immunohistochemistry. On the basis of molecular typing, the patients were classified into HR-positive subgroup and non-HR-positive subgroup, and the difference in SPARC protein expression in the lesion tissues at admission was compared. According to the axillary lymph node metastasis status at 1 year of follow-up, patients with HR-positive breast cancer were assigned into metastasis group and non-metastasis group, and the expression of SPARC protein in the lesion tissues at admission was compared. HR-positive breast cancer patients were divided into positive group and negative group by means of the expression of SPARC protein at admission. The clinicopathological characteristics [age, tumor size, breast cancer TNM staging, vascular tumor thrombus, histological grading, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) ] were compared.Results:The positive expression of SPARC protein was significantly higher in HR-positive subgroup than in non-HR-positive subgroup ( χ2=7.28, P<0.05), and was significantly higher in metastasis group than in non-metastasis group ( χ2=7.29, P<0.05). The expression of SPARC protein in HR-positive breast cancer tissues was significantly different between ER and PR groups ( χ2=10.89, 11.08, P<0.05), and there was no statistical significance between the other groups ( χ2=0.25, 0.36, 1.24, 1.10, 2.41, P>0.05) . Conclusion:The expression of SPARC in HR-positive breast cancer tissues is higher, and it is related to clinicopathological characteristics ER and PR and axillary lymph node metastasis.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Hereditary angioedema(HAE)is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by recur-rent,unpredictable episodes of skin and mucosal edema,which may affect the face,extremities,respiratory tract,gastrointestinal tract,and genitals,with a global prevalence of approximately 1 in 50 000.This case re-port presents a young female patient with a history of recurrent abdominal pain and multisite edema.During an acute episode,laboratory tests revealed decreased complement C4 levels along with reduced concentration and function of C1 esterase inhibitor.Computed tomography(CT)demonstrated bowel wall edema and pelvic effu-sion.Previously undiagnosed,the patient was admitted for this acute attack and was ultimately diagnosed with HAE following a multidisciplinary treatment(MDT)team discussion at our hospital.The rapid diagnosis and treatment of this case highlight the critical role of MDT in the management of complex and rare diseases.

BACKGROUND:Neurodegenerative diseases are closely related to the imbalance of mitochondrial autophagy regulation.Previous studies by the research group have shown that lycium barbarum polysaccharide has neuroprotective effects,but whether it can improve the damage of SH-SY5Y cells induced byβ-amyloid protein 1-42 by regulating mitochondrial autophagy is still unclear.OBJECTIVE:To explore the protective effect and mechanism of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on SH-SY5Y cells induced by β-amyloid protein 1-42.METHODS:An Alzheimer's disease cell model was established by inducing SH-SY5Y cells with β-amyloid protein 1-42,and then intervening with Lycium barbarum polysaccharide.SH-SY5Y cells were divided into three groups:control group,β-amyloid protein 1-42 group(20 μmol/L β-amyloid protein 1-42 for 24 hours),and Lycium barbarum polysaccharide group(1 g/L Lycium barbarum polysaccharide was added 1 hour in advance to form a protective effect,and then 20 μmol/L β-amyloid protein 1-42 was added to intervene with Lycium barbarum polysaccharide for 24 hours).CCK8 assay was used to detect cell viability.Mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by JC-1.TUNEL staining was used to detect cell apoptosis.Immunofluorescence and western blot assay were used to detect the expression of synaptic,apoptosis,and mitophagy-related indicators.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the control group,the cell viability of the β-amyloid protein 1-42 group decreased(P＜0.05);cell apoptosis rate increased(P＜0.05);mitochondrial membrane potential decreased(P＜0.05);the expressions of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Caspase3 increased(P＜0.05);the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 decreased(P＜0.05);the expression levels of synaptic-related proteins Syn and PSD-95 decreased(P＜0.05);the expression levels of mitochondrial autophagy-related proteins Pink1,LC3A/B,Parkin,and Beclin-1 decreased(P＜0.05);and the expression of P62 increased(P＜0.05).(2)Compared with the β-amyloid protein 1-42 group,the cell viability in the Lycium barbarum polysaccharide group was increased(P＜0.05);the apoptosis rate was decreased(P＜0.05);the mitochondrial membrane potential was increased(P＜0.05);the expression levels of Bax and Caspase3 were decreased(P＜0.05);the expression of Bcl-2 was increased(P＜0.05);the expressions of Syn and PSD-95 were increased(P＜0.05);the expression levels of Pink1,LC3A/B,Parkin,and Beclin-1 were increased(P＜0.05),and the expression of P62 was decreased(P＜0.05).These findings indicate that Lycium barbarum polysaccharide may inhibit β-amyloid protein 1-42-induced damage to SH-SY5Y cells by regulating mitophagy,reduce cell apoptosis,and increase neuronal synaptic plasticity.

Objective To investigate the utility of dual-energy computed tomography(DECT)virtual non-contrast(VNC)images instead of true non-contrast(TNC)images in the quantitative analysis of emphysema.Methods A retrospective selection was con-ducted on 59 patients who underwent chest CT plain scan plus dual-phase enhanced scan on APEX-CT.VNC images of arterial phase(VNCart)and venous phase(VNCven)were generated on AW4.7 workstation.Volume CT dose index(CTDIvol)and dose length product(DLP)were recorded respectively.In a double-blind manner,two physicians graded the severity of each patient's emphysema according to the Fleischner Society's emphysema visual classification system.The"digital lung"detection and analysis platform was used to quantitatively measure emphysema at three thresholds(-950 HU,-930 HU and-910 HU),and the difference in meas-urement results between VNC images and TNC images was compared.Quantitative differences in low attenuation volume(LAV),percentage of low attenuation area(LAA%)and mean lung density(MLD)at the-950 HU threshold were compared using Bland-Altman plots.Results Using TNC images as the standard,there was no significant difference in the results of the visual classifica-tion evaluation of emphysema between TNC and VNC images(χ2=2.80,P=0.247).In quantitative measurement,there was no significant difference in total lung volume(TLV)(χ2=3.26,P=0.196)between the three groups images.Compared to TNC ima-ges,there were no statistically significant differences in LAV,LAA%and MLD of VNCven images at 15th percentile lung density(Perc 15%)and different thresholds(P>0.05).Compared to the TNC mode,the VNC mode could reduce the effective dose(ED)by approximately 32.6%.Conclusion The use of DECT VNCven images on chest has the potential to replace TNC for the quantitative analysis of emphysema,thereby streamlining scans and reducing radiation dose.