Radical resection is the only option of curative treatment for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Microscopically negative resection margin of bile duct (R0 resection) is critical for long-term survival of patients. However, both portal vein and hepatic artery invasions from hilar cholangiocarcinoma were often found, the negative resection margin could not be gotten. Combined vascular resection and reconstruction provide a possible way to solve this problem. At present, the clinical value of resection of portal vein and hepatic artery combining with reconstruction has been fully recognized. The technique of reconstruction for both portal vein and hepatic artery combined with the clinical significance, preoperative evaluation of imaging and postoperative complications for hilar cholangiocarcinoma were included in this article.