Objective To explore the role and related mechanism of neutrophil membrane-coated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (Neu-NP) in cardiac repair after acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury in mice. Methods The male C57 mouse model of acute MI/R injury was established and randomly divided into three groups: PBS control group (injection of 200 μL PBS), NP treatment group (injection of 0.5 mg/mL NP 200 μL), and Neu-NP treatment group (injection of 0.5 mg/mL Neu-NP 200 μL). Neutrophil membranes were extracted and fused with PLGA nanoparticles to construct biomimetic Neu-NP. The in vivo homing ability of Neu-NP was assessed using ex vivo imaging technology in the MI/R injury model, and the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the myocardium were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay one day and three days after administration. Echocardiography was used to determine cardiac function indicators of MI/R injured mice 28 days post-administration. Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe angiogenesis repair and inflammatory cell infiltration in mouse heart tissue. Results Neu-NP, engineered by integrating neutrophil membranes with nanoparticles, inherited surface receptors (TNF-αR and IL-6R) and functioned as decoys for inflammatory targeting. Compared with the PBS control group and NP treatment group, the secretion levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the damaged myocardium of the Neu-NP treatment group were significantly decreased one and three days after administration (P＜0.05); 28 days after administration, the cardiac ejection fraction in the Neu-NP treatment group was significantly higher than that in the other two groups (P＜0.05). Immunofluorescence staining indicated a significant increase in the proportion of angiogenesis in the myocardial infarction area and a significant reduction in inflammation cell infiltration (P＜0.05). Conclusions Neu-NP plays an important role in cardiac tissue repair after MI/R injury by alleviating inflammatory factors in the damaged area and promoting angiogenesis.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of dietary intervention on blood pressure and renal function in patients with hypertensive nephropathy, so as to provide dietary and nutritional guidances for this population. Methods: Hypertensive nephropathy patients who were treated at Zhucheng People's Hospital from March 2023 to February 2024 were selected as the study subjects and randomly divided into the intervention group and the control group. The control group received routine antihypertensive treatment and health lifestyle guidance. On the basis of the treatment and guidance received by the control group, the intervention group implemented dietary intervention in accordance with the Clinical Practice Guidelines for Nutritional Therapy of Chronic Kidney Disease in China (2021 edition) for a period of 3 months. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured before and after the intervention, and serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA), cystatin and β2-microglobulin were detected. Differences of indicators before and after intervention between the two groups were compared using generalized estimation equation. Results: A total of 83 patients with hypertensive nephropathy were followed up, including 43 cases in the intervention group and 40 cases in the control group. There were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, body mass index, duration of hypertension, family history of hypertension, hypertension grade, physical activity index, or smoking status between the two groups (all P>0.05). The differences in SBP, DBP, Scr, BUN, and UA between the two groups, as well as the differences before and after the intervention, were statistically significant, and there was an interaction between the groups and the intervention time (all P<0.05). After intervention, the levels of SBP, DBP, Scr, BUN, and UA in the intervention group were lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05). The differences in cystatin and β2-microglobulin between the two groups and before and after the intervention were not statistically significant, and there was no interaction between the groups and the intervention time (all P>0.05). Conclusion Dietary intervention has a certain effect on reducing blood pressure and improving renal function indicators in patients with hypertensive nephropathy.

Background::Previous studies have reported associations of specific maternal and paternal lifestyle factors with offspring’s cognitive development during early childhood. This study aimed to investigate the prospective associations between overall parental lifestyle and offspring’s cognitive performance during adolescence and young adulthood in China.Methods::We included 2531 adolescents aged 10-15 years at baseline in 2010 from the China Family Panel Studies. A healthy parental lifestyle score (ranged 0-5) was constructed based on the following five modifiable lifestyle factors: Smoking, drinking, exercise, sleep, and diet. Generalized estimating equation models were used to examine the association between baseline parental healthy lifestyle scores and offspring’s fluid and crystallized intelligence in subsequent years (2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018).Results::Offspring in the top tertile of parental healthy lifestyle scores performed better in overall fluid intelligence (multivariable-adjusted β = 0.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.29-0.77) and overall crystallized intelligence (multivariable-adjusted β = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.16-0.54) than those in the bottom tertile of parental healthy lifestyle scores. The results were similar after further adjustment for the offspring’s healthy lifestyle scores and persisted across the subgroups of parental socioeconomic status. Additionally, maternal and paternal healthy lifestyle scores were independently associated with better offspring’s cognitive performance, with significant contribution observed for paternal never-smoking, weekly exercise, and diversified diet. When both parents and offspring adhered to a healthier lifestyle, we observed the highest level of the offspring’s overall crystallized intelligence. Conclusions::Our study indicates that parental adherence to a healthier lifestyle is associated with significantly better offspring’s cognitive performance during adolescence and early adulthood, regardless of socioeconomic status. These findings highlight the potential cognitive benefits of promoting healthy lifestyles among parents of adolescents.

Porcine circovirus type 2(PCV2)mainly damages the immune cells of pigs,causing lym-phocyte depletion and immune suppression.Interleukin(IL)-15 regulates immune functions wide-ly,and plays an important regulatory role in the survival,proliferation,differentiation and immune function of a variety of immune cells such as natural killer(NK),CD8+T cells and NKT cells.In this study,in order to determine the effect of PCV2 on IL-15 expression,4-week-old piglets(n=4)were infected with PCV2 and the negative control group(n=4)was set up.On day 7 post-infec-tion,the inguinal lymph nodes of the infected and control groups were collected,and porcine cyto-kine antibody microarray(QAP-CYT-1)was employed to quantify the expression of cytokines in the tissues,screen for differential cytokines,and GO and KEGG enrichment analysis for IL-15 were conducted.Real-time quantitative fluorescent PCR(qPCR)and ELISA were used to verify the level of IL-15 mRNA and protein,and those in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)and serum were simultaneously detected.Compared with the negative control group,the expression lev-el of IL-15 was significantly reduced in the infected group(P＜0.05);IL-15 was mainly involved in cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions,immune responses,cellular activation,and the regulation of JAK-STAT and TNF signaling pathways.The levels of IL-15 mRNA and protein in inguinal lymph nodes in the infected group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05),which was consistent with the detection results of QAP-CYT-1.However,there was no significant difference in IL-15 mRNA and protein levels in PBMC and serum.These results indicate that PCV2 can inhibit IL-15 in the inguinal lymph node microenvironment of piglets.This study can provide important information for further revealing the immunosuppressive mechanism of PCV2.

This article reported a prenatal diagnosis of fetal bladder prolapse caused by patent urachus and ruptured urachal cyst. On August 8, 2023 (12 weeks and 5 days of gestation), a routine prenatal ultrasound examination in Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College revealed that one of the twins had an anechoic area (22.0 mm×17.0 mm) protruding into the umbilical cord at the umbilical opening, which was connected to the bladder in a bell-shaped manner through an unclosed urachus. Regular follow-up ultrasounds indicated that the cyst increased in size as the pregnancy progressed, the biggest was 38.3 mm×30.2 mm (23 +5 gestational weeks). At 33 weeks and 5 days of gestation, ultrasound showed that the cyst had disappeared, and a high-echo mass (21.3 mm×15.2 mm) was visible at the umbilical opening, while the bladder was not visible even upon repeated scans. These observations led to the diagnosis of bladder prolapse due to patent urachus and ruptured urachal cyst. Postnatally, the infant was transferred to an external hospital for surgical treatment, where the diagnosis of bladder prolapse was further confirmed and prolapse repair and umbilicoplasty were done. Postoperative pathology verified that the protruding high-echo mass was bladder tissue. Follow-up examinations at 2 months of age showed no significant complications.

Objective Using the weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA)to explore the key genes of aging associated with Alzheimer's disease(AD).Methods GSE132903 was selected from GEO database as the analysis dataset.The differential expressed genes(DEGs)of AD were screened,and visualized with volcano and heat map.Aging and senescence-associated genes(ASAGs)were downloaded from MsigDB,Aging Altas and CellAge databases.WGCNA screened the gene modules with the highest correlation with AD,and genes of key modules subsequently performed with gene ontology(GO),Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis.AD age-related differential expressed genes(ARDEGs)were obtained by taking intersection genes of DEGs,key module genes of WGCNA and ASAGs.Protein-protein interaction(PPI)network analysis was performed using the STRING database to find key node genes.The co-expression networks and associated functions of key genes were analyzed using the GeneMANIA database.The key genes were validated in Alzdata database.Results 226 DEGs,606 ASAGs and 8 ARDEGs were obtained.The top 5 key genes selected by PPI were SYP,STXBP1,VAMP2,CPLX1 and STX1A.Alzdata database verified that the expressions of 5 key genes in other brain regions of AD were down-regulated,except for no significant changes of VAMP2 in hippocampus and STXBP1 in frontal cortex,as well as no expression of CPLX1 in frontal cortex.The differential expression of VAMP2,STXBP1 and STX1A appeared in the early stage of AD,and CPLX1 was related to the pathological process of Tau.SYP and STXBP1 were related to the pathological processes of amyloid β-protein and Tau.Conclusion SYP,STXBP1,VAMP2,CPLX1 and STX1A are ARDEGs,which are expected to be potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for AD.

Objective To observe the effect of ultrasound-guided iliopsoas plane block(IPB)on the quality of postoperative recovery in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty.Methods Sixty patients who underwent hip arthroplasty were selected,37 males and 23 females,aged 40-79 years,BMI 18-30 kg/m2,ASA physical status Ⅰ-Ⅲ.The patients were divided into two groups by random number table method:the iliopsoas plane block group(group IPB)and the femoral nerve block(FNB)group(group FNB),30 pa-tients in each group.Before anesthesia induction,IPB was performed with 0.5%ropivacaine 10 ml and lat-eral femoral cutaneous nerve block was performed with 0.5%ropivacaine 5 ml in group IPB.And FNB was performed with 0.5%ropivacaine 10 ml and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve block was performed with 0.5%ropivacaine 5 ml in group FNB.The dosages of propofol,remifentanil,and cis-atracurium during operation were recorded.The quality of recovery-15(QoR-15)scale was evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively 1 day,2 and 3 days.The max VAS(VASmax)pain score and manual muscle test(MMT)score of quadri-ceps muscle were recorded 12,24,and 48 hours after surgery.The time of getting out of bed for the first time,opioid dosage,and patient satisfaction were recorded.The incidence of nerve injury,vascular injury,puncture site infection,and local anesthetic poisoning were recorded.The postoperative complications of diz-ziness,nausea and vomiting,deep vein thromboses,and elirium were also recorded.Results There was no significant difference in the dosage of propofol,remifentanil,and cis-atracurium between the two groups.Compared with group FNB,the QoR-15 scale score in group IPB was significantly higher 1 day,2 and 3 days after operation(P＜0.05).Compared with group FNB,the MMT scores of quadriceps muscle was sig-nificantly higher in group IPB 12 and 24 hours after surgery(P＜0.05),and the first time of getting out of bed was shortened in group IPB(P＜0.05).However,there were no significant differences in the VASmax pain score,MMT score of quadriceps muscle 48 hours after surgery,opioid dosage,and patient satisfaction between the two groups.No nerve block related complications were found in both groups.There were no sig-nificant differences in postoperative complications between the two groups.Conclusion The iliopsoas plane block can improve the quality of postoperative recovery and accelerate the recovery of patients with hip re-placement,and the effect is better than that of femoral nerve block.

ObjectiveBased on response surface methodology combined with principal component analysis（PCA）， the optimal decocting process of Moringa oleifera leaf standard decoction was optimized， and its multi-index quality evaluation system was established， in order to provide scientific basis for the quality control of this standard decoction. MethodResponse surface methodology and PCA were used to optimize the decoction process by taking the relative peak areas of 8 characteristic peaks and dry extract yield as indexes. Based on this， the quality of 15 batches of the standard decoction was evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） characteristic chromatogram， determination of major components（neochlorogenic acid， L-tryptophan， cryptochlorogenic acid， vicenin-2， isoquercetin， astragalin）， determination of active parts（total flavonoids， total organic acids， total polysaccharides， total α-amino acids， total sinapine）， dry extract yield， specific gravity and pH. ResultThe optimal decocting process was to soak M. oleifera leaves（100.00 g） for 30 min and decoct twice with the first decoction of 12 times the amount of water for 30 min and the second decoction of 10 times the amount of water for 20 min. Standard decoction containing 0.2 g·mL^-1 of crude drug was defined by x¯±30%， the specific gravity was 0.722-1.340， pH was 3.86-7.16， dry extract yield was 23.1%-42.9%， and the alcohol-soluble extract content was 8.26%-15.34%. Calculated according to the dried products of the standard decoction， the contents of neochlorogenic acid， L-tryptophan， cryptochlorogenic acid， vicenin-2， isoquercetin and astragalin were 1.99-3.69， 1.20-2.22， 1.44-2.67， 0.53-0.99， 2.45-4.55， 1.22-2.26 mg·g^-1， the relative transfer rates relative to the herbs were 34.37%-63.83%， 62.43%-115.94%， 64.65%-120.06%， 56.98%-105.82%， 37.46%-69.57%， 41.81%-77.64%， respectively. The contents of total flavonoids， total organic acids， total polysaccharides， total α-amino acids， total sinapine were 10.19-18.92， 11.82-21.96， 94.07-174.71， 42.69-79.27， 9.55-17.73 mg·g^-1， the relative transfer rates for herbs were 25.72%-47.77%， 41.78%-77.59%， 64.90%-120.54%， 42.30%-78.57%， 34.99%-64.99%， respectively. ConclusionThe optimized decocting technology of M. oleifera leaf standard decoction is stable and feasible， and the established multi-indicator quality evaluation system can lay the foundation for the quality control of this standard decoction.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effects and potential mechanism of evodiamine on inflammatory response and apoptosis of epithelial cells in asthma model rats. METHODS SD rats were separated into control group， model group， evodiamine low-dose group （10 mg/kg）， evodiamine high-dose group （20 mg/kg）， dexamethasone group （positive control， 0.5 mg/kg）， epidermal growth factor （EGF） group [mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） activator， 10 μg]， evodiamine high-dose+EGF group （20 mg/kg evodiamine+10 μg EGF）， with 10 rats in each group. Except for the control group， the other groups were sensitized by 3-point injection of 10% ovalbumin（OVA）-aluminium hydroxide mixture and stimulated by inhalation of 2%OVA nebulized liquid to establish an asthma model. The count of inflammatory cells （macrophages and lymphocytes） in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） was detected in each group； pathological changes of lung tissue in rats were observed； the apoptosis of airway epithelial cells， the levels of serum inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor-α， interleukin-6 （IL-6） and IL-4]， the expressions of pathway-related proteins p38 MAPK， phosphorylated p38 MAPK （p-p38 MAPK）， signal transduction and transcription activating factor 1 （STAT1）] and apoptosis-related proteins [B cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2） and Bcl-2 associated X protein （Bax）] were all detected in lung tissue. RESULTS Compared with the control group， bronchial mucosal edema， thickening of alveolar septa and extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed in the lung tissue of rats in the model group； the number of inflammatory cells， apoptosis rate of airway epithelial cells， the levels of inflammatory factors， p-38 MAPK/p-38 MAPK， and the protein expressions of Bax and STAT1 were increased significantly； the expressions of Bcl-2 protein and Bcl-2/Bax were reduced significantly （P＜0.05）. Compared with the model group， the pathological changes in lung tissues were alleviated to varying degrees in evodiamine low-dose and high-dose groups， and dexamethasone groups， and the above indicators were significantly reversed. However， the change trends of corresponding indicators in the EGF group were opposite to the above （P＜0.05）. EGF could significantly attenuate the effect of high-dose evodiamine on inflammatory response in asthmatic rats （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Evodiamine can relieve inflammatory reactions and inhibit the apoptosis of airway epithelial cells in asthmatic rats， the mechanism of which may be associated with inhibiting p38 MAPK/STAT1 signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effects and potential mechanism of evodiamine on inflammatory response and apoptosis of epithelial cells in asthma model rats. METHODS SD rats were separated into control group， model group， evodiamine low-dose group （10 mg/kg）， evodiamine high-dose group （20 mg/kg）， dexamethasone group （positive control， 0.5 mg/kg）， epidermal growth factor （EGF） group [mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） activator， 10 μg]， evodiamine high-dose+EGF group （20 mg/kg evodiamine+10 μg EGF）， with 10 rats in each group. Except for the control group， the other groups were sensitized by 3-point injection of 10% ovalbumin（OVA）-aluminium hydroxide mixture and stimulated by inhalation of 2%OVA nebulized liquid to establish an asthma model. The count of inflammatory cells （macrophages and lymphocytes） in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） was detected in each group； pathological changes of lung tissue in rats were observed； the apoptosis of airway epithelial cells， the levels of serum inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor-α， interleukin-6 （IL-6） and IL-4]， the expressions of pathway-related proteins p38 MAPK， phosphorylated p38 MAPK （p-p38 MAPK）， signal transduction and transcription activating factor 1 （STAT1）] and apoptosis-related proteins [B cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2） and Bcl-2 associated X protein （Bax）] were all detected in lung tissue. RESULTS Compared with the control group， bronchial mucosal edema， thickening of alveolar septa and extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed in the lung tissue of rats in the model group； the number of inflammatory cells， apoptosis rate of airway epithelial cells， the levels of inflammatory factors， p-38 MAPK/p-38 MAPK， and the protein expressions of Bax and STAT1 were increased significantly； the expressions of Bcl-2 protein and Bcl-2/Bax were reduced significantly （P＜0.05）. Compared with the model group， the pathological changes in lung tissues were alleviated to varying degrees in evodiamine low-dose and high-dose groups， and dexamethasone groups， and the above indicators were significantly reversed. However， the change trends of corresponding indicators in the EGF group were opposite to the above （P＜0.05）. EGF could significantly attenuate the effect of high-dose evodiamine on inflammatory response in asthmatic rats （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Evodiamine can relieve inflammatory reactions and inhibit the apoptosis of airway epithelial cells in asthmatic rats， the mechanism of which may be associated with inhibiting p38 MAPK/STAT1 signaling pathway.