ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xiaoji Hufei Formula in protecting children with close contact exposure to influenza， and to provide reference and evidence-based support for better clinical prevention and treatment of influenza in children. MethodsA multicenter， prospective， non-randomized， parallel， controlled trial was conducted from October 2021 to May 2022 in five hospitals， including Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. Confirmed influenza cases and influenza-like illness （ILI） cases were collected， and eligible children with close contact exposure to these cases were recruited in the outpatient clinics. According to whether the enrolled close contacts were willing to take Xiaoji Hufei formula for influenza prevention， they were assigned to the observation group （108 cases） or the control group （108 cases）. Follow-up visits were conducted on days 7 and 14 after enrollment. The primary outcomes were the incidence of ILI and the rate of laboratory-confirmed influenza. Secondary outcomes included traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptom score scale for influenza， influenza-related emergency （outpatient） visit rate， influenza hospitalization rate， and time to onset after exposure to influenza cases. ResultsA total of 216 participants were enrolled， with 108 in the observation group and 108 in the control group. Primary outcomes： （1） Incidence of ILI： The incidence was 12.0% （13/108） in the observation group and 23.1% （25/108） in the control group， with the observation group showing a significantly lower incidence （χ²=4.6， P<0.05）. （2） Influenza confirmation rate： 3.7% （4/108） in the observation group and 4.6% （5/108） in the control group， with no statistically significant difference. Secondary outcomes： （1） TCM symptom score scale： after onset， nasal congestion and runny nose scores differed significantly between the two groups （P<0.05）， while other symptoms such as fever， sore throat， and cough showed no significant differences. （2） Influenza-related emergency （outpatient） visit rate： 84.6% （11 cases） in the observation group and 96.0% （24 cases） in the control group， with no significant difference. （3） Time to onset after exposure： The median onset time after exposure to index patients was 7 days in the observation group and 4 days in the control group， with a statistically significant difference （P<0.05）. ConclusionIn previously healthy children exposed to infectious influenza cases under unprotected conditions， Xiaoji Hufei formula prophylaxis significantly reduced the incidence of ILI. Xiaoji Hufei Formula can be recommended as a specific preventive prescription for influenza in children.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xiaoji Hufei Formula in protecting children with close contact exposure to influenza， and to provide reference and evidence-based support for better clinical prevention and treatment of influenza in children. MethodsA multicenter， prospective， non-randomized， parallel， controlled trial was conducted from October 2021 to May 2022 in five hospitals， including Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. Confirmed influenza cases and influenza-like illness （ILI） cases were collected， and eligible children with close contact exposure to these cases were recruited in the outpatient clinics. According to whether the enrolled close contacts were willing to take Xiaoji Hufei formula for influenza prevention， they were assigned to the observation group （108 cases） or the control group （108 cases）. Follow-up visits were conducted on days 7 and 14 after enrollment. The primary outcomes were the incidence of ILI and the rate of laboratory-confirmed influenza. Secondary outcomes included traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptom score scale for influenza， influenza-related emergency （outpatient） visit rate， influenza hospitalization rate， and time to onset after exposure to influenza cases. ResultsA total of 216 participants were enrolled， with 108 in the observation group and 108 in the control group. Primary outcomes： （1） Incidence of ILI： The incidence was 12.0% （13/108） in the observation group and 23.1% （25/108） in the control group， with the observation group showing a significantly lower incidence （χ²=4.6， P<0.05）. （2） Influenza confirmation rate： 3.7% （4/108） in the observation group and 4.6% （5/108） in the control group， with no statistically significant difference. Secondary outcomes： （1） TCM symptom score scale： after onset， nasal congestion and runny nose scores differed significantly between the two groups （P<0.05）， while other symptoms such as fever， sore throat， and cough showed no significant differences. （2） Influenza-related emergency （outpatient） visit rate： 84.6% （11 cases） in the observation group and 96.0% （24 cases） in the control group， with no significant difference. （3） Time to onset after exposure： The median onset time after exposure to index patients was 7 days in the observation group and 4 days in the control group， with a statistically significant difference （P<0.05）. ConclusionIn previously healthy children exposed to infectious influenza cases under unprotected conditions， Xiaoji Hufei formula prophylaxis significantly reduced the incidence of ILI. Xiaoji Hufei Formula can be recommended as a specific preventive prescription for influenza in children.

Objective: To investigate the factors affecting carotid plaques among perimenopausal women, so as to provide the basis for the prevention and early intervention of cardiovascular diseases in perimenopausal women. Methods: Perimenopausal women aged 40-60 who underwent health check-ups at Xingtai People's Hospital from January 2022 to January 2023 were selected as subjects by convenient sampling method. Demographic information, lifestyle, waist-to-hip ratio, and blood biochemical indicators were collected through questionnaire surveys, physical examinations, and laboratory tests. Carotid plaques were detected using a Doppler ultrasound diagnostic instrument. Factors affecting carotid plaques among perimenopausal women were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Totally 2 146 perimenopausal women were surveyed, with an age of (50.04±5.82) years. Carotid plaques were detected in 525 cases, with a detection rate of 24.46%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that older age (45-<50 years old, OR=1.474, 95%CI: 1.062-2.047; 55-60 years old, OR=1.779, 95%CI: 1.276-2.481), residing in urban areas (OR=1.601, 95%CI: 1.079-2.376), drinking (OR=1.805, 95%CI: 1.108-2.941), hypertension (OR=1.815, 95%CI: 1.290-2.553), abnormal waist-to-hip ratio (OR=2.479, 95%CI: 1.982-3.101), and abnormal atherogenic index of plasma (OR=1.325, 95%CI: 1.064-1.650) were associated with a higher risk of carotid plaques. College degree or above (college, OR=0.659, 95%CI: 0.502-0.865; bachelor's degree or above, OR=0.517, 95%CI: 0.397-0.673), physical exercise (OR=0.621, 95%CI: 0.494-0.781) were associated with a lower risk of carotid plaques. Conclusion The carotid plaques among perimenopausal women mainly affected by age, place of residence, educational level, alcohol consumption, physical exercise, hypertension, waist-to-hip ratio and atherogenic index of plasma.

This consensus will introduce the characteristics of fillers used in the surgical cavities of domestic nasal surgery patients based on relevant literature and expert opinions. It will also provide recommendations for the selection of cavity fillers for different nasal diseases, with chronic sinusitis as a representative example.
Humans ; Nasal Cavity/surgery* ; Nasal Surgical Procedures ; China ; Consensus ; Sinusitis/surgery* ; Dermal Fillers

This study aimed to comprehensively examine the association of gallstones, cholecystectomy, and cancer risk. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to estimate the observational associations of gallstones and cholecystectomy with cancer risk, using data from a nationwide cohort involving 239 799 participants. General and gender-specific two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was further conducted to assess the causalities of the observed associations. Observationally, a history of gallstones without cholecystectomy was associated with a high risk of stomach cancer (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=2.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.50-4.28), liver and bile duct cancer (aOR=2.46, 95% CI 1.17-5.16), kidney cancer (aOR=2.04, 95% CI 1.05-3.94), and bladder cancer (aOR=2.23, 95% CI 1.01-5.13) in the general population, as well as cervical cancer (aOR=1.69, 95% CI 1.12-2.56) in women. Moreover, cholecystectomy was associated with high odds of stomach cancer (aOR=2.41, 95% CI 1.29-4.49), colorectal cancer (aOR=1.83, 95% CI 1.18-2.85), and cancer of liver and bile duct (aOR=2.58, 95% CI 1.11-6.02). MR analysis only supported the causal effect of gallstones on stomach, liver and bile duct, kidney, and bladder cancer. This study added evidence to the causal effect of gallstones on stomach, liver and bile duct, kidney, and bladder cancer, highlighting the importance of cancer screening in individuals with gallstones.
Humans ; Mendelian Randomization Analysis ; Gallstones/complications* ; Female ; Male ; Cholecystectomy/statistics & numerical data* ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Aged ; Adult ; Neoplasms/etiology* ; Stomach Neoplasms/epidemiology*

Objective:To explore the value of cardiodynamicsgram (CDG) obtained from electrocardiogram (ECG) data by radial basis functionradial basis function (RBF) neural network in early diagnosis of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Methods:Retrospective analysis method was used. Patients with chest pain as the main initial symptom in the emergency department of Baoan District People's Hospital of Shenzhen from October 2021 to September 2022 were enrolled. Baseline data were collected, including gender, age, smoking history, family history of coronary heart disease and history of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and atherosclerosis. The first 12-lead ECG was recorded after admission to the emergency department, and electrocardiodynamics analysis was performed to generate CDG. Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was plotted to analyze the value of CDG and ECG in the early diagnosis of ACS and non-ST segment elevation ACS (NSTE-ACS). Sensitivity, specificity, area under the ROC curve (AUC), and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated. CDG and coronary angiography results of 3 patients with ACS with normal ECG were observed and analyzed. Non-ACS patients with normal ECG but positive CDG were followed for 30 days for adverse cardiovascular events. Results:A total of 384 patients with chest pain were included, including 169 patients with ACS and 215 patients without ACS. The proportion of male (87.0% vs. 53.0%), smoking history (37.9% vs. 12.1%), hypertension (46.2% vs. 22.3%), diabetes (24.3% vs. 7.9%), hyperlipidemia (55.0% vs. 14.0%) and history of atherosclerosis (22.5% vs. 2.3%) in ACS group were significantly higher than those in non-ACS group (all P < 0.05). The ROC curve showed that the AUC of CDG diagnosis of ACS was higher than that of ECG [AUC (95% CI): 0.88 (0.66-0.76) vs. 0.71 (0.84-0.92)], the sensitivity was 92.8%, 78.6%, and the specificity was 83.3%, 64.2%, respectively. The AUC of CDG diagnosis of NSTE-ACS was higher than that of ECG [AUC (95% CI): 0.85 (0.80-0.90) vs. 0.63 (0.56-0.69)], the sensitivity was 87.1%, 61.3%, and the specificity was 83.3%, 64.2%, respectively. CDG of 3 patients with ACS with normal ECG showed disordered state, and coronary angiography showed ≥70% stenosis of major coronary branches. Of 215 non-ACS patients, 20 had a normal ECG but positive CDG, and 3 developed ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) within 30 days, and 2 developed unstable angina (UA) within 30 days. Conclusion:CDG has high value in early diagnosis of ACS patients and is expected to become an important means of early diagnosis of ACS in emergency.

Objective:To investigate the effects of different feeding formulas on the feeding and growth and metabolism of premature infants in the early postnatal period.Methods:Eligible premature infants with the gestational age of ≤ 34 weeks hospitalized from March 2023 to March 2024 were selected as per inclusion criteria, excluding those with congenital metabolic diseases, severe congenital heart disease and developmental malformations of digestive tract. According to the feeding formulas within 2 weeks after birth, premature infants were divided into three groups, namely donor human milk (DHM) group, preterm formula (PF) group and extensively hydrolyzed formula (eHF) group. The characteristics of premature infants, perinatal condition, feeding formulas, milk intake on the 7th and 14th day, the time to the daily milk intake of 120ml/kg and 150ml/kg respectively, the time on parenteral nutrition, the length of hospitalization, feeding intolerance, cholestasis, extrauterine growth retardation and biochemical metabolic indexes at 7 days, 14 days and discharge were collected. The differences of feeding and biochemical metabolic parameters were compared across the three groups.Results:A total of 108 cases were enrolled ,of whom 39 were in DHM group, 37 in PF group and 32 in eHF group. There was no significant difference in gestational age, birth weight, head circumference and maternal complications across the three groups. The milk intake in the DHM group was (50.7±29.1) ml/(kg·d) on the 7th day, compared with (34.2±27.3) ml/(kg·d) in PF group ( P=0.031), and (103.1±36.7) ml/(kg·d) on the 14th day, compared with (73.9±39.2) ml/(kg·d) in the PF group. Compared with the PF group, the DHM group reached the daily milk intake of 120 ml/(kg·d) earlier [(18.5±10.4) days vs. (24.1±10.3) days, P=0.020], had shorter duration of parenteral nutrition [(17.9±10.9) days vs. (23.2±11.2) days, P=0.042], and lower incidence of feeding intolerance (28.2% vs. 48.6%). The length of hospitalization in DHM group was shorter than that in PF group [(33.8±15.5) days vs. (37.8±17.6) days], but there was no significant difference ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference between the DHM group and the eHF group in terms of the milk intake on the 7th and 14th day, the time to the daily milk intake of 120 ml/(kg·d), the time on parenteral nutrition, the length of hospitalization and feeding intolerance. At 1 and 2 weeks after birth, alkaline phosphatase in DHM group was higher than that in PF group and eHF group ( P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in biochemical nutritional metabolism parameters (hemoglobin, urea nitrogen, albumin, prealbumin, alkaline phosphatase and total bile acid) across the three groups at discharge( P>0.05). Conclusion:Early use of DHM in premature infants is better tolerated than PF and can help achieve complete enteral nutrition earlier and shorten the use of parenteral nutrition, while not affecting the growth and development of premature infants.

Intestinal dysbiosis and disrupted bile acid(BA)homeostasis are associated with obesity,but the precise mechanisms remain insufficiently explored.Hepatic protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3G(PPP1R3G)plays a pivotal role in regulating glycolipid metabolism;nevertheless,its obesity-combatting potency remains unclear.In this study,a substantial reduction was observed in serum PPP1R3G levels in high-body mass index(BMI)and high-fat diet(HFD)-exposed mice,establishing a positive correlation between PPP1R3G and non-12α-hydroxylated(non-12-OH)BA content.Additionally,hepatocyte-specific overexpression of Ppp1r3g(PPP1R3G HOE)mitigated HFD-induced obesity as evidenced by reduced weight,fat mass,and an improved serum lipid profile;hepatic steatosis alleviation was confirmed by normalized liver enzymes and histology.PPP1R3G HOE considerably impacted systemic BA homeostasis,which notably increased the non-12-OH BAs ratio,particularly lithocholic acid(LCA).16S ribosomal DNA(16S rDNA)sequencing assay indicated that PPP1R3G HOE reversed HFD-induced gut dysbiosis by reducing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and Lactobacillus population,and elevating the relative abundance of Blautia,which exhibited a positive correlation with serum LCA levels.A fecal microbiome transplantation test confirmed that the anti-obesity effect of hepatic PPP1R3G was gut microbiota-dependent.Mechanistically,PPP1R3G HOE markedly suppressed hepatic cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase(CYP7A1)and sterol-12α-hydroxylase(CYP8B1),and concurrently upregulated oxysterol 7-α hydroxylase and Takeda G protein-coupled BA receptor 5(TGR5)expression under HFD conditions.Furthermore,LCA administration significantly mitigated the HFD-induced obesity phenotype and elevated non-12-OH BA levels.These findings emphasize the significance of hepatic PPP1R3G in ameliorating diet-induced adiposity and hepatic steatosis through the gut microbiota-BA axis,which may serve as potential ther-apeutic targets for obesity-related disorders.

Background/Aims: Low educational attainment is a well-established risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in developed areas. However, the association between educational attainment and the risk of NAFLD is less clear in China. Methods: A cross-sectional study including over 200,000 Chinese adults across mainland China was conducted. Information on education level and lifestyle factors were obtained through standard questionnaires, while NAFLD and advanced fibrosis were diagnosed using validated formulas. Outcomes included the risk of NAFLD in the general population and high probability of fibrosis among patients with NAFLD. Logistic regression analysis was employed to estimate the risk of NAFLD and fibrosis across education levels. A causal mediation model was used to explore the potential mediators. Results: Comparing with those receiving primary school education, the multi-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for NAFLD were 1.28 (1.16 to 1.41) for men and 0.94 (0.89 to 0.99) for women with college education after accounting for body mass index. When considering waist circumference, the odds ratios (95% CIs) were 0.94 (0.86 to 1.04) for men and 0.88 (0.80 to 0.97) for women, respectively. The proportions mediated by general and central obesity were 51.00% and 68.04% for men, while for women the proportions were 48.58% and 32.58%, respectively. Furthermore, NAFLD patients with lower educational attainment showed an incremental increased risk of advanced fibrosis in both genders. Conclusions In China, a low education level was associated with a higher risk of prevalent NAFLD in women, as well as high probability of fibrosis in both genders.