ObjectiveTo compare the differences between the ultrafiltration method and the dextran gel filtration method during the purification of Tfn-modified PCL micelles by using purification efficiency and micelle purity as indicators. MethodsCoumarin-6 （C6） was used as a fluorescent probe and was loaded into HOOC-PEG-PCL to form PCL micelles by the film-dispersion method. Tfn was then conjugated to the surface of PCL micelles via an amidation reaction， resulting in two types of micelles： Tfn/PCL_H and Tfn/PCL_L. The pharmaceutical properties of the two types of micelles were characterized. The micelles were then purified through ultrafiltration method and dextran gel method respectively， and the efficiency of the two methods， along with the purity of the final micelles， was compared. The density of Tfn on the surface of PCL micelles was also calculated. ResultsThe hydrated diameter of PCL micelles was approximately 73 nm， and the C6 loading efficiency was around 0.046%. The size increased to 134 nm and 158 nm for Tfn/PCL_L and Tfn/PCL_H， respectively. The micelle population was monodisperse. The purification results showed that， for the ultrafiltration method， after two and one rounds of purification， the Tfn/C6 ratio stabilized at 23.6 and 3.4 for Tfn/PCL_H and Tfn/PCL_L， respectively. For the dextran gel filtration method， the Tfn/C6 ratio reached 23.7 for the Tfn/PCL_H group after two rounds of purification. However， for the Tfn/PCL_L group， the Tfn/C6 ratio increased during four rounds of dextran gel purification， and a significant difference （P = 0.042 4） was observed between the first and last filtrations. The density of Tfn in the final micelles were calculated. For the ultrafiltration method， the Tfn density of Tfn/PCL_H and Tfn/PCL_L were 94.9% and 13.8%， respectively. For the dextran gel filtration method， the density of the two micelles were 95.6% and 14.4%， respectively. For Tfn/PCL_L group， the density results revealing a statistically significant difference （P=0.000 2）. ConclusionThe purification efficiency of the two methods is comparable. However， the purity of the final micelles shows a significant difference， with the dextran gel filtration method resulting in higher purity， particularly for the Tfn/PCL_L micelles.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic effect of Qingchang Huazhuo Formula(QCHZF)on mice with ulcerative colitis(UC)and the influences of fecal metabolites based on non-targeted metabolomics to investigate the mechanism of action of QCHZF in the treatment of UC.METHODS UC mice were induced by dextran sulfate sodium salt(DSS)and were administered with QCHZF.During the experiment,the body weight,stool characteristics and blood in stool were recorded daily,and the disease activity index(DAI)was calculated.At the end of the experiment,the length of colon was measured,colonic tissue damage in mice were ob-served by hematoxylin-eosin and alcian blue staining,mRNA expression levels of inflammatory factors,IL-6,IL-18 and IL-1β,and intestinal barrier factors,ZO-1 and Muc2,were detected in colon tissues via qPCR method,and protein expression level of intestinal barrier,Muc2,was detected with immunofluorescence.Fecal metabolite changes in mice were detected employing un-targeted metabo-lomics and analyzed by MetaboAnalyst 5.0 for metabolic pathway enrichment.RESULTS QCHZF significantly alleviated colitis symptoms,increased body weight,decreased DAI score,reversed colonic shortening,inhibited inflammatory factors expression,im-proved colonic tissue structure disorders,increased the number of goblet cells,and restored the intestinal barrier in UC mice,regulated 58 metabolites,mainly involving pathways of methionine and cysteine metabolism,purine metabolism,steroid hormone biosynthesis,vitamin B6 metabolism,tryptophan metabolism and primary bile acid pathways.CONCLUSION QCHZF can improve colitis symp-toms,repaire the intestinal barrier and modulate fecal metabolites and related metabolic pathways in UC mice.

Objective:To study the epidemic characteristics and clinical symptoms of patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) in Shandong Province, and to provide a basis for further optimizing the clinical treatment strategies for HT.Methods:Data on HT patients admitted to Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention from January 2018 to December 2023 were collected. A retrospective analysis was conducted to analyze their epidemiological characteristics, clinical symptoms, and auxiliary examination results.Results:A total of 192 HT patients' data were included, comprising 42 males (21.87%) and 150 females (78.13%). The average age of patients was 40.38 years old, ranging from 9 to 74 years old. Most patients resided in urban areas (129 cases, 67.19%). HT cases occurred throughout the year in every mouth, with higher incidence in June (32 cases, 16.7%) and July (20 cases, 10.4%), lower incidence in March (8 cases, 4.2%) and April (10 cases, 5.2%), and sporadic cases in other months. Based on clinical manifestations, among all HT patients, there were 66 cases (34.38%) of Hashitoxicosis type, 11 cases (5.73%) of pseudothyrotoxicosis type, 7 cases (3.65%) of exophthalmic type, 5 cases (2.60%) of subacute thyroiditis-like type, 3 cases (1.56%) of juvenile type, 35 cases (18.23%) of fibrous type, 39 cases (20.31%) of thyroid adenoma or carcinoma type, and 26 cases (13.54%) of other autoimmune diseases type. Based on disease progression, among all HT patients, there were 61 cases (31.77%) in the hyperthyroid phase, 16 cases (8.33%) in the hyperthyroid-hypothyroid coexisting phase, and 115 cases (59.90%) in the hypothyroid phase. Based on clinical symptoms, among all HT patients,there were 78 cases(40.62%) of neck mass symptoms, 101 cases (52.60%) of digestive system symptoms, and 95 cases (49.48%) of low metabolic symptoms. Laboratory tests revealed that 144 cases had elevated levels of both thyroglobulin antibody and thyroid peroxidase antibody. Color ultrasound examination showed strip-like echoes in the thyroid in 99 cases (51.56%) and grid-like echoes in 43 cases (22.40%). After treatment with antithyroid drugs or appropriate thyroid hormone supplementation, all 192 HT patients experienced symptom relief.Conclusions:HT patients in Shandong Province were predominantly female and urban residents. Common clinical symptoms included anterior neck swelling, constipation, fever, and weight gain. Early detection, diagnosis, and treatment could delay disease progression.

As the incidence of autism rises annually,its unknown pathogenesis makes it challenging to treat the varied repetitive and stereotyped behaviors that characterize its core symptoms.The striatum is an important brain region for the control of locomotor behaviors,featuring a unique mosaic structure,complex neural origin,and finely regulated developmental process that is highly susceptible to genetic and environmental influences.Both clinical and basic studies have indicated that abnormal development of the striatal nuclei may contribute to the pathogenesis of these repetitive stereotyped behaviors in autism.Clinical imaging data have primarily identified gross anatomical variations in the stratum(e.g.,its general outline),but lack the resolution necessary to detect the cellular and subcellular alterations within the region.By introducing the abnormalities in the spatiotemporal development of the striatum and their links to the characteristic behaviors of autism,this review aims to advance our understanding of the role of the striatum in autism pathogenesis and to inform future animal studies and clinical research.

Autism spectrum disorder(ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, and social impairment was one of the core symptoms of ASD, which can seriously affects the social life of patients.The pathogenesis of social impairment in ASD is unclear and it may involves many brain abnormalities.The related theories and hypotheses are numerous and there is no unified conclusion. Studies have shown that the cerebellum has extensive connections with brain networks and is involved in the regulation of social cognition, but its role in ASD has not been fully emphasized.The structural and functional abnormalities of the cerebellar-cortex (CC) loop in ASD patients can lead to language communication disorders, empathy disorders, difficulties in interpreting social cues, abnormal social reward processing and emotional regulation disorders, which are closely related to ASD social impairment. Noninvasive brain stimulation of the superficial cerebellum can improve the abnormal CC circuit in ASD patients, and the cerebellum can be considered as a target for the treatment of social disorders in ASD in the future.Based on the clinical and basic researches on social impairment in ASD in recent years, this article reviews the relevant manifestations of disorders which cerebellar and CC circuit involved, aiming to promote the development of related research in the future.

Taking Xiaochaihu Decoction as an example,the application differences of classical prescriptions in modern medical context and Chinese medicine practice are compared and analyzed from the aspects of clinical application scope,understanding of pre-scription connotation,dosage specification,dosage form and decoction method.Strategies to solve the differences in efficacy are pro-posed:integrating the wisdom of classical prescriptions and reshaping the framework of Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment;transforming the results of modern pharmacology and exploring the principles of classical prescriptions;controlling drug quality stand-ards and exploring new uses and dosages of classical prescriptions;keeping pace with the times in Chinese medicine decoction and strengthening management and control to ensure efficacy.It is believed that combining the essence of Chinese medicine with modern technology can make the application of classical prescriptions maintain traditional characteristics while meeting modern clinical require-ments.This can not only improve the adaptability of classical prescriptions to modern complex diseases,but also provide a reference for the modernization of traditional medicine.

The integration of multi-source data and the establishment of early warning indicator systems constitute pivotal elements for advancing surveillance and early warning capacities in respiratory infectious diseases. Given the multifaceted transmission mechanisms and complex contributing factors inherent in respiratory infectious diseases, surveillance datasets and associated early warning indicators demonstrate notable heterogeneity and sophisticated interrelationships. Furthermore, as surveillance and early warning requirements significantly vary across diverse epidemiological scenarios, accurate assessment of the value and applicability of distinct data types and indicators is imperative. This paper systematically reviews and synthesizes recent advancements in surveillance data and early warning indicators for respiratory infectious diseases, drawing on both domestic and international research. Particular attention is dedicated to analyzing the applicability and efficacy of various data types and indicators within multiple practical contexts, aiming to provide robust theoretical frameworks and methodological guidance to facilitate the development of resilient and efficient surveillance and early warning systems for respiratory infectious diseases.

Objective: To investigate the self-monitoring blood pressure behavior and its influencing factors among residents in Jiangsu Province, so as to provide the basis for strengthening proactive blood pressure monitoring among residents. Methods: Permanent residents aged 35-75 years in six counties (cities, districts), Jiangsu Province, were selected using the stratified cluster sampling method in 2023. Data on basic information, disease history, and self-monitoring blood pressure behavior were collected, height and weight were measured to calculate the body mass index (BMI); and blood glucose and lipid levels were measured. Self-monitoring blood pressure behavior was defined as having measured blood pressure at least once in the past three months. Factors affecting self-monitoring blood pressure behavior were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 12 475 residents were surveyed, including 5 748 males and 6 727 females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1∶1.17. There were 3 855 residents aged 45-<55 years (30.90%) and 5 511 residents who had self-monitoring blood pressure behaviors (44.18%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the residents who were males (OR=1.167, 95%CI: 1.081-1.261), lived in rural areas (OR=1.430, 95%CI: 1.321-1.547), aged 45-75 years (45-<55 years, OR=1.384, 95%CI: 1.241-1.543; 55-<65 years, OR=1.397, 95%CI: 1.243-1.570; 65-75 years, OR=1.196, 95%CI: 1.049-1.363), had an annual household income ≥30 000 yuan (30 000-<60 000 yuan, OR=1.190, 95%CI: 1.072-1.321; 60 000-<110 000 yuan, OR=1.330, 95%CI: 1.191-1.485; ≥110 000 yuan, OR=1.746, 95%CI: 1.536-1.984), were overweight (OR=1.170, 95%CI: 1.070-1.280) or obese (OR=1.248, 95%CI: 1.120-1.391), were unaware (OR=1.221, 95%CI: 1.103-1.353) or aware (OR=3.937, 95%CI: 3.575-4.335) of having hypertension, were aware of having diabetes (OR=1.538, 95%CI: 1.354-1.749), and aware of having dyslipidemia (OR=1.265, 95%CI: 1.106-1.447) were more likely to have self-monitoring blood pressure behaviors. Conclusions Among the residents aged 35-75 years in Jiangsu Province, 44.18% had self-monitoring blood pressure behavior. Gender, place of residence, age, annual household income, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia were identified as influencing factors for self-monitoring blood pressure behavior.

Objective::To report a fetus with ARCN1-related syndrome caused by a novel de novo heterozygous variant, highlighting the importance of early genetic diagnosis in prenatal care. Methods::The clinical and genetic data of a fetus with a complex combination of clinical signs and a novel de novo heterozygous variant were collected and have been summarized in this study. The potential pathogenic variant was identified throughout the whole exome sequencing and the effects of candidate variants were further validated by a minigene splicing assay. Results::Prenatal systematic ultrasound detected fetal growth restriction. Genetic analysis identified a novel de novo heterozygous variant within the ARCN1 gene—c.1241 +5G>A-located in intron 8. In vitro minigene splicing assays demonstrated that the variant led to two abnormal transcripts. The longer transcript retained 189 base pairs of intron 8, resulting in a truncated protein of 414 amino acids (p.Ser415*). The shorter transcript involved exon 8 skippings, producing a truncated protein of 407 amino acids (p.Ile378Serfs*31). Conclusion::A novel de novo heterozygous variant of the ARCN1 gene, namely NM_001655.5: c.1241 +5G>A, was discovered and identified in a fetus with rhizomelic short stature, microretrognathia, and developmental delays.

Objective::To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy and clinical application of the Obstetrical Chinese Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Scoring System (OCDSS).Methods::This study is a retrospective study that collected 1063 cases from Wuhan Union Hospital, Yichang Central People’s Hospital, and the Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture between July 2017 and June 2024. These cases were divided into DIC and non-DIC groups based on score standard. Diagnosis of DIC, the rate of hysterectomy, neonatal mortality, and severe asphyxia are the main outcome measures. All the laboratory indicators are all determined by clinical laboratory department of the hospital. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range) and frequencies. Independent sample t-test or non-parametric test were used to compare measurement data, while the chi-square test was used for count data. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under curve (AUC) were used to test the predictive accuracy. Using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to study the high-risk factors. P < 0.050 indicates a statistical significance. Results::Of 1063 participants in this study, 29 participants (2.73%) were diagnosed with obstetrical DIC by OCDSS score standard, and all the participants were diagnosed as DIC with underlying disease. When the Takao, Clark, and Erez score standard is the "gold standard", the OCDSS score standard always shows good sensitivity and specificity, with all the AUC over 0.75. OCDSS score standard also has better predictive of hysterectomy (68.18%, 91.07%, 0.872), severe neonatal asphyxia and death (79.17%, 75.07%, 0.842) than the other three score standards. All the indicators included in the OCDSS score standard contributed to the DIC diagnosis (all the P < 0.001). The indicators in the DIC group were more abnormal than the non-DIC group (all the P < 0.001). Conclusion::OCDSS is a first score standard, especially for pregnancies, it considers the underlying disease, clinical symptoms, and laboratory results. This score system shared a good diagnosis performance for DIC in the Chinese population and may help clinicians make timely decisions.