Background: The genus Atractylodes, native to East Asia, encompasses several species that serve as sources for the widely used traditional Chinese medicines Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and Atractylodis Rhizoma. However, the international trade arouses concern regarding potential confusion and misidentification of Atractylodes species. Objective: A comprehensive understanding of the chemical diversity is crucial for ensuring the quality and exploring the potential variations in medicinal efficacy of Atractylodes. Methods: The GC-MS/MS-based metabolomics and multivariate statistical analysis identified 589 differentially accumulated metabolites across 5 Atractylodes species. Results: A total of 150 metabolites were predicted as potential chemical markers for species differentiation and quality assessment of Atractylodes. According to the metabolic profiles, the species of Atractylodes can be roughly classified into three categories: A. lancea and A. coreana with the volatile oil components being mainly atractylodin and β-eudesmol; A. macrocephala with the biomarker being atractylon; and A. japonica and A. carlinoides lying between the two categories above. Conclusions: Metabolomic results indicated that the metabolic profiles of A. carlinoides and A. macrocephala were similar and distinct from those of the other three species. Sesquiterpenoids were the main chemical components in the rhizome of A. carlinoides, which indicated the potential medicinal value of this plant.

Background: The genus Atractylodes, native to East Asia, encompasses several species that serve as sources for the widely used traditional Chinese medicines Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and Atractylodis Rhizoma. However, the international trade arouses concern regarding potential confusion and misidentification of Atractylodes species. Objective: A comprehensive understanding of the chemical diversity is crucial for ensuring the quality and exploring the potential variations in medicinal efficacy of Atractylodes. Methods: The GC-MS/MS-based metabolomics and multivariate statistical analysis identified 589 differentially accumulated metabolites across 5 Atractylodes species. Results: A total of 150 metabolites were predicted as potential chemical markers for species differentiation and quality assessment of Atractylodes. According to the metabolic profiles, the species of Atractylodes can be roughly classified into three categories: A. lancea and A. coreana with the volatile oil components being mainly atractylodin and β-eudesmol; A. macrocephala with the biomarker being atractylon; and A. japonica and A. carlinoides lying between the two categories above. Conclusions: Metabolomic results indicated that the metabolic profiles of A. carlinoides and A. macrocephala were similar and distinct from those of the other three species. Sesquiterpenoids were the main chemical components in the rhizome of A. carlinoides, which indicated the potential medicinal value of this plant.

Background: The genus Atractylodes, native to East Asia, encompasses several species that serve as sources for the widely used traditional Chinese medicines Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and Atractylodis Rhizoma. However, the international trade arouses concern regarding potential confusion and misidentification of Atractylodes species. Objective: A comprehensive understanding of the chemical diversity is crucial for ensuring the quality and exploring the potential variations in medicinal efficacy of Atractylodes. Methods: The GC-MS/MS-based metabolomics and multivariate statistical analysis identified 589 differentially accumulated metabolites across 5 Atractylodes species. Results: A total of 150 metabolites were predicted as potential chemical markers for species differentiation and quality assessment of Atractylodes. According to the metabolic profiles, the species of Atractylodes can be roughly classified into three categories: A. lancea and A. coreana with the volatile oil components being mainly atractylodin and β-eudesmol; A. macrocephala with the biomarker being atractylon; and A. japonica and A. carlinoides lying between the two categories above. Conclusions: Metabolomic results indicated that the metabolic profiles of A. carlinoides and A. macrocephala were similar and distinct from those of the other three species. Sesquiterpenoids were the main chemical components in the rhizome of A. carlinoides, which indicated the potential medicinal value of this plant.

Humans ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; Smoke/adverse effects* ; Tobacco ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution

Background Because of high working intensity, high responsibility, and unexpected situations, health care workers may suffer great work pressure, which may lead to health damage. Objective To explore the self-rated health status and its influencing factors such as demographic and occupational-related factors of medical staff in Lanzhou. Methods In-service medical staff were selected by using cluster random sampling method from 18 public hospitals in Lanzhou City and were investigated with a self-made questionnaire and the Self-rated Health Measurement Scale (SRHMS). SRHMS includes 48 items in 10 dimensions, which are divided into three sub-scales of physical health, mental health, and social health, and another independent dimension is overall health. The scores were converted into a percentage scale and expressed as the percentage of measured score to full score; a higher score indicated better health, and >70% was considered good health status. t test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and Spearman correlation were used to analyze the scores of SRHMS and the demographic and occupational-related factors affecting the scores of physical, mental, and social health sub-scales. Results A total of 2989 valid questionnaires were recovered. There were statistically significant differences in total score and the scores of physical, mental, and social health among medical staff of different age, educational background, length of service, and weekly working hours groups (P < 0.05). The percentage of total score to full score in the medical staff was 71.41%, but the scores of physical, mental, and social health sub-scales and total scale of selected participants were all lower than the corresponding domestic norms (t=−3.323, −12.283, −7.157, −9.659, P < 0.05); the percentage of psychological symptoms and negative emotions in mental health scale to full score was the lowest, only 58.39%. Educational background, length of service, and weekly working hours were negatively correlated with physical health score (r=−0.061, −0.060, −0.165, P < 0.05); professional title was positively correlated with mental health score (r=0.045, P < 0.05), while educational background and weekly working hours were negatively correlated with it (r=−0.051, −0.172, P < 0.05). Monthly income, professional title, and length of service were positively correlated with social health score (r=0.040, 0.049, 0.071, P < 0.05), while educational background and weekly working hours were negatively correlated with it (r=−0.038, −0.110, P < 0.05). Conclusion The self-rated health status of selected medical staff in Lanzhou is generally good, but lower than that of the norm, especially the mental health score is the lowest. The self-rated health score of total scale is correlated with education, length of service, professional title, and working time per week.

Objective:To explore the effect of coronary injection of recombinant human prourokinase (rhPro-UK) during PCI for ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients.Methods:A total of 124 STEMI patients treated in Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Hebei Province from November 2018 to November 2019 were selected as the research objects.They were simply randomized by random number table method into the observation group(63 cases) and the control group(61 cases). Thrombus aspiration was used.The control group was treated with 25 μg/kg tirofiban, and the observation group was injected with 20 mg rhPro-UK into the coronary arteries.After that, both groups underwent emergency PCI treatment.The bleeding degree, myocardial microcirculation indexes, plasma fibrinolytic factor changes, vascular recanalization, ST segment fall of electrocardiogram and changes in left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), cardiac index (CI) were recorded.Results:The peak value of creatine kinase isoenzymes MB (CK-MB) (184.64±21.47) U/L and the peak time of CK-MB (14.32±2.02) h in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group((258.94±31.64) U/L, (16.58±2.09) h), the differences were statistically significant ( t=15.345 and 6.123, all P<0.001). After treatment, human tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) (0.85±0.28) kU/L in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (0.74±0.24) kU/L, human plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) (0.16±0.05) kU/L.compared with the control group (0.32±0.08) kU/L significantly decreased ( t=2.345, P=0.021; t=13.401, P<0.001); 77.78% (49/63) of the ST-segment complete fall in observation group was significantly higher than 54.10% (33/61) of the control group ( Z=7.758; P=0.005), and 4.76% (3/63) in the observation group without a fall in ST segment was significantly lower than 19.67% (12/61) of the control group ( Z=6.480; P=0.011). The LVEDD at 7 days, 14 days and the LVESD at 7 days and 14 days in the observation group were (49.37±3.14) mm, (48.34±3.03) mm, (33.19±2.23) mm and (32.05±2.23) mm respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group at 7 days, (50.64±3.03) mm, (49.66±2.83) mm, (34.86±1.73) mm and 14 days, (33.74±1.97) mm respectively ( P<0.05 or P<0.001). The LVEF of 7 days and 14 days after treatment were (56.32±4.97)% and (59.23±5.11)%, which were significantly higher than those of the control group (54.46±4.87)% and (57.18±4.33)% ( P<0.05 or P<0.001). CI at 7 days and 14 days after treatment were (3.65±0.22) L/ (min·m 2) and (3.76±0.21) L/(min·m 2), which were significantly higher than those of the control group (3.48±0.25) L/(min·m 2) and (3.56±0.24) L/(min·m 2)( P<0.05 or P<0.001). Conclusion:STEMI patients treated by intraoperative coronary injection of Rhpro-UK versus tirofeban, can further improve the total bleeding rate and the vascular recanalculation rate, and also significantly improve plasma fibrinolysis factor, myocardial microcirculation and cardiac function.This provides an alternative to the treatment of myocardial infarction in patients with STEMI.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of chronic emotional stimulation induced by empty bottle stimulation on CXCL12/CXCR4-mediated inflammatory response in rats with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS: Rat models of anxiety were established by a 21-day stimulation with uncertain empty bottle drinking water, and myocardial infarction was induced by ligating the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery; compound models were established by performing myocardial infarction operation on the 15th day of anxiety modeling. The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: shamoperated group (=6), myocardial infarction group (=6), compound model group (with myocardial infarcted and anxiety; = 6), and inhibitor group (compound models treated daily with 1 mg/kg AMD3100 for 6 days; =7). Echocardiography was used to examine the LVEF and LVFS to evaluate the cardiac function of the rats. Elevated maze test and open field test were used to evaluate the behaviors of the rats. The expressions of CXCL12, CXCR4, IL-1β, IL-18 and neutrophil active protease (NE) in the myocardial tissues and blood samples were detected with ELISA and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The LVEF and LVFS were lower in the compound model group than in the sham group and myocardial infarction group ( < 0.05), and were higher in inhibitor group than in the compound model group ( < 0.05). LVID; d and LVID; s were lower in the inhibitor group than in the compound model group ( < 0.05). Compared to those in the sham group and myocardial infarction group, the rats in the compound model group more obviously preferred to stay in the closed arm ( < 0.05) in EPM; the rats in the inhibitor group had more times of entering and staying in the open arm than the compound model rats ( < 0.05); the horizontal and vertical movements were less in the compound model rats than in those in the sham group and the myocardial infarction group ( < 0.05) in OFT, and the vertical movement of the rats in inhibitor group was higher than those in the compound model group ( < 0.05). The expression of CXCR4 in the marginal zone of myocardial infarction was significantly higher in the compound model group than in the sham-operated group, myocardial infarction group and inhibitor group ( < 0.05). The expressions of IL-1β, IL-18 and NE in the inhibitor group were significantly lower than those in the compound model group ( < 0.05). Compared with at in the sham-operated group, the number of Nissl bodies in the compound model group decreased significantly ( < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Chronic emotional stress induced by empty bottle stimulation can lead to dysfunction of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis, which causes inflammatory cascade after myocardial infarction to worsen myocardial cell necrosis, cardiac function and hippocampal neuronal damage after the infarction.
Animals ; Chemokine CXCL12 ; Coronary Vessels ; Emotions ; Myocardial Infarction ; Myocardium ; Psychological Distress ; Rats ; Receptors, CXCR4 ; Signal Transduction

Objective To evaluate the efficacy,bleeding profile and safety of low-dose levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS 8) in Chinese healthy women of childbearing age.Methods A multi-center,open-label,single-arm clinical trial conducted at 16 centres in China enrolled 773 healthy women of childbearing age (mean age 31.6 years old,range 18 to 40 years old),who demanded contraception,from April 2006 to June 2013.All women placed LNG-IUS 8 for 3 years and then been followed up at 3,6,9,12,18,24,30,36 months.The efficacy variables including pregnancy rate and expulsion rate were analyzed using life table,while observing adverse events (AE) to evaluate the safety.The bleeding profile happened during the study was assessed using 90-day reference intervals (World Health Organization criteria).Results Eight pregnancies occurred among 773 women,resulting in a overall Pearl index of 0.42 per 100 women years.The 3-year cumulative pregnancy rate was 0.37 per 100 women years and the 3-year cumulative expulsion rate was 1.99 per 100 women years.The number of women with bleeding/spotting reduced and the bleeding/spotting days declined over time.Totally 219 AE were reported related to LNG-IUS 8 placements.The most common AE were vaginal bleeding (8.2％,63/773)and the ovarian cyst (6.2％,52/773).LNG-IUS 8 had an improving effect on dysmenorrhea that the percentage of women with dysmenorrhea as well as the days of dysmenorrhea decreased over time.The percentage of women satisfied or very satisfied with LNG-IUS 8 was 87.2％ (622/713).Conclusion LNG-IUS 8 is highly effective and safe for Chinese healthy women of childbearing age.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of modified largeincision manual cataract extraction combined with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation for high myopia with cataract.Methods Twenty-eight patients (32 eyes) of high myopia with cataract underwent modified large-incision manual cataract extraction combined with IOL implantation.The nuclear hardness of 20 eyes were in degree Ⅲ,11 eyes were in degree ⅣV,1 eye was in degree V.The follow-up time was form 2 months to 12 months,the visual acuity,refraction and complications were observed and analyzed,Resuits In 32 eyes,the postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was better than pre-operation in 28 eyes,4 eyes had no any improvement,in which the server high myopic fundus disease was found.The preoperative and postoperative BCVA were (1.43 ± 0.73) IogMAR and (0.84 ± 0.71) logMAR,and the sphere equivalent were (-15.33 ± 5.03) D and (-1.86 ± 1.41) D,the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).The intraoperative partial suspensory ligament occurred in 1 eye,iris hemorrhage appeared in 1 eye when extracting the lens nucleus;The postoperative mild corneal edema was seen in 11 eyes,hyphema in 1 eye,temporary high IOP in 1 eye,uveitis in 3 eyes,which disappeared within 1 week after treatment.IOL were implanted into capsular bag except 1 eye for partly broken ciliary zonule.There was no IOL dislocation within the follow-up.Conclusion Modified large-incision manual cataract extraction combined with IOL implantation is safe and effective for high myopia with cataract.

Objective To observe the hemodynamic change and stress reaction of target-con-trolled infusion (TCI)of propofol guided by Narcotrend for anesthetic induction in renal transplanta-tion patients.Methods Forty patients (25 males,1 5 females,aged 21-38 years,ASA grade Ⅲ orⅣ)undergoing related living donor kidney transplantation were randomly divided into two groups:group A and group B (n =20).Group A was induced using TCI system with propofol under the moni-toring of Narcotrend.Group B was induced with propofol manually.HR,MAP,Narcotrend index (NTI),blood glucose (Glu)and plasma cortisol (Cor)were measured before induction (T0 ),before tracheal intubation (T1 ),and 1 (T2 ),3 (T3 ),and 5 (T4 )minutes afterwards.Results HR and MAP at T1 were lower than those at T0 (P < 0.05 )in two groups,they were significantly lower in group B than in group A at corresponding points(P <0.05).HR and MAP in group B increased sig-nificantly (P <0.05)and were significantly higher than those in group A (P <0.05)at T2 and T3 . There was no obvious difference in Glu and Cor between T0 and T2-T4 in group A.Glu and Cor at T2-T4 were obviously higher than those at T0 (P <0.05)in group B and those at corresponding points in group A (P <0.05).Conclusion TCI of propofol guided by Narcotrend in renal transplantation pa-tients can better control the depth of anesthesia,attenuate the stress reaction caused by tracheal intu-bation,and keep hemodynamic smooth during anesthesia induction.