Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiangtang was first recorded in the Treatise on Cold Damage （Shang Han Lun）. This prescription is composed of Bupleuri Radix， Scutellariae Radix， Cinnamomi Ramulus， Zingiberis Rhizoma， Trichosanthis Radix， Ostreae Concha， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. It has the effects of soothing Lesser Yang， warming the spleen， and stimulating the generation of body fluid. It is mainly used to treat digestive tract diseases such as chronic cholecystitis （CC）， irritable bowel syndrome， and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Dyspepsia caused by CC presents a variety of gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain， poor appetite， postprandial fullness， aversion to greasy food， soft stool， and bitter mouth， being a type of biliary dyspepsia. In modern medicine， dyspepsia caused by CC is mainly managed by medical treatment and surgical treatment. Internal medicine mainly focuses on reducing inflammation， promoting the function of gallbladder， resolving stones， alleviating spasms， and relieving the pain for CC， demonstrating definite short-term efficacy but suffering from single effects， high recurrence rate， and poor compliance. Although surgical treatment can cure cholecystitis， it is accompanied by the increased incidence of adverse events such as abdominal pain， diarrhea， and dyspepsia. Modern clinical studies have confirmed that Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiangtang can significantly alleviate the symptoms such as abdominal pain and dyspepsia of CC patients. Pharmacological studies have found that Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiangtang mainly contains active ingredients such as Bupleuri Radix saponins， baicalin， cinnamaldehyde， gingerol， Trichosanthis Radix polysaccharide， Ostreae Concha polysaccharide， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma total flavonoids. Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiangtang can ameliorate the symptoms of dyspepsia caused by CC by inhibiting inflammatory responses， improving gallbladder contraction and gastrointestinal motility， regulating the bile acid-intestinal flora axis and the brain-gut axis， and modulating blood lipids through multiple targets. By reviewing the previous literature， this article summarizes the research progress in the treatment of dyspepsia caused by CC with Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiangtang and its main active ingredients as well as the pathogenesis of this disease and puts forward the shortcomings and improvement strategies for the current research. The review aims to provide a reference for the further research on Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiangtang in the treatment of dyspepsia caused by CC.

Objective: To investigate the effects of clinical routine X-ray irradiation dose (average irradiation dose: 29.7±0.54 Gy) on the function, apoptosis, activation state and mitochondrial function of platelets during in vitro storage, so as to provide experimental evidence for optimizing platelet irradiation strategies. Methods: A paired experimental design was adopted. Platelets were collected from 12 healthy donors, and each sample was equally divided into the irradiated group and the control group (non-irradiated). All samples were stored for 5 days under standard platelet preservation conditions (22±2℃, continuous oscillation). Flow cytometry was used to detect platelet count, apoptosis rate (Annexin V+ positive rate), activation markers (CD62P, PAC-1, CD42b) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Meanwhile, mitochondrial-specific probes were used to evaluate changes in mitochondrial count, membrane potential and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content. Additionally, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was employed to observe the ultrastructure of platelets, with a focus on mitochondrial morphology, platelet membrane integrity and granule distribution. Results: Within 5 days of storage, the platelet count was (841±89.16)×10 /L in the irradiated group and (824.5±92.88)×10 /L in the control group, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P=0.54). The apoptosis rate was (4.94±1.39) % in the irradiated group and (5.50±0.83) % in the control group, showing no significant difference (P=0.31). For activation indicators, the CD62P expression rate was (24.32±7.57) % in the irradiated group versus (25.21±8.13) % in the control group (P=0.43). The PAC-1 positive rates were (12.15±4.43) % and (11.75±3.40) % in the irradiated group and control group, respectively (P=0.44). The CD42b expression rates were (12.14±4.43) % and (11.75±3.4) % in the two groups, respectively (P=0.47). The ROS levels were (31.98±8.1) % and (30.64±5.89) % in the two groups, respectively (P=0.45). No significant differences were found in the above indicators. For mitochondrial function indicators, the mitochondrial count was (55.88±11.49) % in the irradiated group and (53.5±7.24) % in the control group (P=0.57). The ATP contents were (42.45±5.29) % and (41.58±9.50) % in the irradiated group and control group, respectively (P=0.77). The relative membrane potential values were (59.53±10.89) % and (57.49±6.54) % in the two groups, respectively (P=0.47). No significant difference were observed on the mitochondrial function-related indicators. TEM further confirmed that the ultrastructure of platelets in the irradiation group was intact, the mitochondrial morphology was normal, and no pathological changes such as swelling or vacuolization were observed. Conclusion: This study evaluated the impact of conventional-dose X-ray irradiation on platelet storage quality, confirming that this dose does not significant impair platelet count, apoptosis rate, activation status, or mitochondrial function. This finding provides important experimental evidence for the clinical promotion of X-ray irradiation technology and suggests its potential as a safe alternative to γ irradiation. Future studies could further expand the sample size and extend the observation period to verify the effects of X-ray irradiation on long-term platelet storage and post-transfusion in vivo survival rate.

ObjectiveTo investigate the suppressive effect of 23-hydroxybetulinic acid （23-HBA）， a key constituent of Pulsatillae Radix， on the pulmonary inflammation-related carcinogenesis induced by the combined exposure of 4-（methylnitrosamino）-1-（3-pyridyl）-1-butanone （NNK） and lipopolysaccharide （LPS） in mice， alongside exploring its influence on immune cells and delving into the underlying mechanisms. MethodsA murine model of pulmonary inflammation-related carcinogenesis induced by NNK combined with LPS was established. Mice were randomly assigned into blank control， model， aspirin （10 mg·kg^-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （3.75， 7.5， 15 mg·kg^-1， respectively） 23-HBA groups. The treatment lasted for 26 weeks， after which the spleen， lung， and peripheral blood samples were collected. Lung and spleen indices were calculated. Histopathological changes in the lung tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Immunohistochemistry was employed to assess the expression levels of thyroid transcription factor-1 （TTF-1）， neuron-specific enolase （NSE）， and proliferating cell nuclear antigen （Ki-67） in the lung tissue. High-throughput protein microarray was employed to measure the levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in the mouse serum. Flow cytometry was employed to evaluate the expression of macrophages， myeloid-derived suppressor cells （MDSCs）， and exhausted T lymphocytes in the lung and spleen tissue. Molecular docking was performed to predict the binding affinity of 23-HBA to Janus kinase 2 （JAK2）， Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 （SHP2）， and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 （SOCS3）. Western blot was performed to assess the protein levels of phosphorylated-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （p-STAT3）， p53， and SHP2 in the M1-activated macrophages and A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells treated with 23-HBA. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the lung and spleen indexes of the model group were increased to varying degrees （P<0.05， P<0.01）， the expression of TTF-1， NSE and Ki-67 protein was significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the serum levels of TNF-α， IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly increased （P<0.01）. The number of macrophages in the model group was significantly decreased （P<0.01）， and the number of exhausted T cells and MDSCs was significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the spleen and thymus index of mice in each dose group of 23-HBA decreased significantly （P<0.05）， and the lung index of mice in the middle dose group of 23-HBA decreased significantly （P<0.05）. The high and middle dose groups of 23-HBA could improve the occurrence of inflammatory infiltration and malignant lesions in the lungs of mice induced by NNK combined with LPS in the model group. The expression of TTF-1 in the middle and high dose groups of 23-HBA was significantly lower than that in the model group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The expression of NSE and Ki-67 protein in each dose group of 23-HBA was significantly lower than that in the model group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The contents of IL-1β in the low and high dose groups of 23-HBA were significantly decreased （P<0.05）， and the contents of IL-6 and TNF-α in each dose of 23-HBA were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The number of macrophages in the lung of the middle dose group of 23-HBA was significantly increased （P<0.05）， and the number of exhausted T cells and MDSCs expressing PD-1 in the lung was significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In addition， 23-HBA had strong molecular docking ability to SHP2， SOCS3 and JAK2 （≥7 kcal·mol^-1）， and significantly down-regulated the protein levels of p-STAT3， SHP2 and p53 in M1 macrophages and A549 lung adenocarcinoma （P<0.01）. Conclusion23-HBA holds promise as a potential therapeutic agent for mitigating pulmonary inflammation and inhibiting malignant transformation induced by the combination of LPS and NNK. It may exert effects by regulating immune cell responses， improving the tumor immune microenvironment， and regulating key signaling pathways.

Objective To explore the efficacy of the self-formulated Zhuzhang Formula in trea-ting the spleen deficiency with dysfunction of transportation syndrome of idiopathic short stature(ISS)and its effects on the growth rate,disease-related indicators,and bone metabolism indicators in affect-ed children.Methods A total of 80 children with ISS were enrolled as study subjects.They were randomly assigned to control group and observation group using random number table method,with 40 cases in each group.The control group received conventional western medicine treatment,while the observation group was administered self-formulated Zhuzhang Formula in addition to the treatment of the control group.Comparisons were made between the two groups in terms of clinical efficacy,TCM syndrome scores,growth parameters(monthly average height increment,annual growth rate),levels of disease-related indicators[serum insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1),bone morphogenetic pro-tein-2(BMP-2),insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3(IGFBP-3)],levels of bone metabo-lism indicators[bone alkaline phosphatase(BAP),type Ⅰ procollagen N-terminal propeptide(PⅠNP),type Ⅰ collagen cross-linked C-terminal telopeptide(β-CTX)],and the incidence of adverse reac-tions.Results The overall effective rate in the observation group was 97.50％,which was significantly higher than the 80.00％ in the control group(P＜0.05).After 3 and 6 months of intervention,the scores for symptoms such as short stature,sallow complexion,loss of appetite,weak voice and shortness of breath,limb weakness,and loose stools,as well as the total TCM syndrome scores,were lower in the observation group than those in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).After 6 months of intervention,the monthly average height increment and annual growth rate were higher in the observation group than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).After 3 and 6 months of intervention,the levels of IGF-1,BMP-2,IGFBP-3,BAP,and PⅠNP were higher in the observation group than those in the control group,while the level of β-CTX was lower,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion The self-formulated Zhuchang Formula demon-strates remarkable efficacy in treating the spleen deficiency with dysfunction of transportation syndrome of ISS.It can alleviate clinical symptoms by regulating the levels of IGF-1,BMP-2,IGFBP-3,and bone metabolism indicators,thereby promoting the growth and development of affected children,and exhibits high safety.

Lung cancer is a serious pulmonary tumor,with exacerbation of chronic lung inflammation being a precursor to the development of lung cancer.Relevant animal models are widely used in experimental research,to gain a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of lung cancer and to develop preventive treatment strategies.Induced lung cancer animal models are of particular importance for understanding the transition from chronic lung inflammation to lung cancer.Early intervention is crucial for the prevention and treatment of lung cancer.Here we review the recent literature regarding the inducing factors for lung cancer,including carcinogens(e.g.nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone,benzopyrene,diethylnirtosamine atmospheric fine particulate matter(PM2.5),coal smoke,heavy metal ions,radiation,and biological infections).We also summarize animal models of lung inflammation and cancer transformation induced by these factors,discuss the mechanisms by which relevant carcinogens induce lung cancer,analyze the advantages and limitations of the animal models,and consider future development directions.This review aims is to provide a valuable reference for the future establishment of relevant models.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of AlignRT-guided positioning by comparing two positioning workflows for pelvic tumor radiotherapy,and to further explore the feasibility of using it to replace skin marker alignment.Methods Forty cases of pelvic tumor treated with radiotherapy using Infinity accelerator in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between March 2022 and March 2023 were included in the study,with 20 cases using the skin marker alignment workflow and the other 20 adopting AlignRT-guided positioning workflow.The translational errors(LAT,LNG,VRT)and rotational errors(Yaw,Pitch,Roll)were determined by the registration of pre-treatment cone-beam CT(CBCT)with planned CT.Both CBCT shifts and error offset distributions were analyzed;planning target volume(PTV)margins were calculated;and correlation analyses were conducted among six-dimensional errors,and between body mass index and setup errors.Results The median translational and rotational setup errors of skin marker alignment workflow vs AlignRT-guided positioning workflow were 0.19-0.34 cm vs 0.10-0.15 cm and 0.50°-1.30°vs 0.50°-0.70°,with the maximum offset ranges of 1.20-1.70 cm vs 0.42-0.47 cm and 2.00°-5.50° vs 1.80°-2.00°,respectively.Additionally,for skin marker alignment workflow,inter-fractional errors>0.5 cm and>3° were observed in 23.3%and 9.8%of fractions.The PTV margins of AlignRT-guided positioning workflow were 0.37,0.38 and 0.34 cm in the left-right,superior-inferior and anterior-posterior directions,respectively,which were much smaller than those of skin marker alignment workflow(0.67,1.22 and 0.95 cm).No correlation was found between six-dimensional errors in two positioning workflows.When using AlignRT-guided positioning workflow,the setup errors in LAT,LNG and Pitch directions had low correlations with body mass index.Conclusion In pelvic tumor radiotherapy,AlignRT-guided positioning can reduce translational and rotational errors,achieve precise setup and excellent inter-fractional reproducibility and stability,and replace traditional skin marker alignment while being used in conjunction with CBCT.

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is a common oral disease characterized by complex etiology, diverse symptomatology and varied treatment approaches. When managing TMD patients, dentists should adopt a generalist mindset, grasp the core connotation of "patient-centeredness", guided by the biopsychosocial model, and make a comprehensive judgment from a multi-dimensional, multi-systemic, and multi-factorial perspective to reach a reasonable etiological analysis and an accurate diagnosis, in order to realize the personalized and holistic treatment of TMD under the guidance of general practice thinking and multi-disciplinary collaboration.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics and cytokines expression characteristics in infants with mild and severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection.Methods:From May 2023 to December 2023, plasma samples and clinical information were collected from 16 infants with RSV infection and 14 control infants. Cytek Aurora flow cytometry (Cytek, America) and Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect the expression levels of 25 cytokines after mild and severe RSV infection.Results:Cough and nasal obstruction were the main clinical manifestations in infants with mild RSV infection, accompanied by polypnea, wheezing and other symptoms. The main symptoms of severe RSV infection were cough and rales, accompanied by fever and polypnea. In comparison with the control group, the expression levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-13, IL-22, TNF-α, IFN-α, IFN-β, MIP-1β, I-TAC, ENA-78, GROα, Eotaxin, and MCP-1 in the RSV infection group all exhibited an upregulation trend. Both IP-10 and MIP-3α demonstrated a downward trend in the RSV infection group; however, there was no statistically significant difference ( P>0.05). The levels of IL-10, IFN-γ, MIP-1α, and IL-8 in the RSV infection group were significantly higher than those in the control group, whereas the levels of MIG, TARC, and RANTES in the RSV infection group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, IL-22, IFN-β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-8, I-TAC, MIP-1β, Eotaxin, and MCP-1 in the mild RSV infection group were significantly higher than those in the severe RSV infection group ( P>0.05). Among these, the levels of MIG, RANTES, TARC, MIP-3α, and ENA-78 in the mild infection group were all lower than those in the severe infection group. The expressions of ENA-78 and MIP-1α in the severe infection group were significantly higher than those in the mild infection group and also higher than those in the control group. There was no significant difference in IP-10 and GROα between the mild and severe RSV infection groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The differences in clinical features and cytokines between infants with mild and severe RSV infection provide important data support for the prevention and treatment of RSV infection in infants.

Objective Exploring the ideas for coordinating the implementation of residual solvent control and ICH Q3C in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia standards for pharmaceutical excipients.Methods The relevant situation of residual solvent control in the current pharmaceutical excipient standards in Chinese pharmacopoeia was analyzed,and the progress of the International Conference on Harmonistion of Human Drug Registration Technology's Guidelines for Residual Solvents(ICH Q3C)and the coordination of foreign pharmacopoeias were compared and were analyzed.Results Proposed a coordination and implementation strategy between the Chinese Pharmacopoeia pharmaceutical excipient standards and ICH Q3C based on the association review mechanism.Conclusions The proposed coordinated implementation plan helps to improve the international integration of Chinese pharmaceutical excipient standard system,enhance the scientific and effective control of residual solvents in pharmaceutical excipients by regulatory authorities and the pharmaceutical industry,and comprehensively promote the translation and implementation of ICH Q3C guiding principles in Chinese pharmaceutical excipient standards.

BACKGROUND:We have successfully established an animal model of small ear pig in southern Yunnan province with internal tension relieving technique combined with autologous Achilles tendon for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction,and verified the stability and reliability of the model.However,whether internal tension relieving technique can promote the ligamentalization process of autologous Achilles tendon graft has not been studied. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the differences in the process of ligamentalization between conventional reconstruction and internal reduction reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament by gross view,histology and electron microscopy. METHODS:Thirty adult female small ear pigs in southern Yunnan province were selected.Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was performed on the left knee joint with the ipsilateral knee Achilles tendon(n=30 in the normal group),and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was performed on the right knee joint with the ipsilateral knee Achilles tendon combined with the internal relaxation and enhancement system(n=30 in the relaxation group).The autogenous right forelimb was used as the control group;the anterior cruciate ligament was exposed but not severed or surgically treated.At 12,24,and 48 weeks after surgery,10 animals were sacrificed,respectively.The left and right knee joint specimens were taken for gross morphological observation to evaluate the graft morphology.MAS score was used to evaluate the excellent and good rate of the ligament at each time point.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to evaluate the degree of ligament graft vascularization.Collagen fibers and nuclear morphology were observed,and nuclear morphology was scored.Ultrastructural remodeling was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The ligament healing shape of the relaxation group was better at various time points after surgery,and the excellent and good rate of MAS score was higher(P<0.05).Moreover,the relaxation group could obtain higher ligament vascularization score(P<0.05).(2)The arrangement of collagen bundles and fiber bundles in the two groups gradually tended to be orderly,and the transverse fiber connections between collagen gradually increased and thickened,suggesting that the strength and shape degree of the grafts were gradually improved,but the ligament remodeling in the relaxation group was always faster than that in the normal group at various time points after surgery.(3)The diameter,distribution density,and arrangement degree of collagen fibers in the relaxation group were better than those in the normal group at all time points,especially in the comparison of collagen fiber diameter between and within the relaxation group(P<0.05).